Sunday Group 6
Sunday Group 6
Sunday Group 6
GROUP REPORT
SUNDAY GROUP 6
MEETING 1
Thùy Linh (Note-taker)
5 Until 476 AD: Only the 5………… The secret of glass making was taken across Europe
Romans……………… knew how to by the Romans during this century. However, they
make glass. guarded the skills and technology required to make
glass very closely, and it was not until their empire
collapsed in 476 AD that glass-making knowledge
became widespread throughout Europe and the
Middle East.
6 From 10th century: Venetians became He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that
sometimes occurred in blown glass by introducing
famous for making bottles out of lead to the raw materials used in the process.
glass.
• 17th century: George Ravenscroft
developed a process using 6………
lead……………….. to avoid the
occurrence of 7…………
clouding……………. in blown
glass.
7 From 10th century: Venetians became He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that
famous for making bottles out of sometimes occurred in blown glass by introducing
glass. lead to the raw materials used in the process.
• 17th century: George Ravenscroft
developed a process using 6………
lead……………….. to avoid the
occurrence of 7…………
clouding……………. in blown
glass.
8 Mid-19th century: British glass In Britain, the modern glass industry only really
production developed after changes to started to develop after the repeal of the Excise Act
laws concerning 8………… in 1845. Before that time, heavy taxes had been
taxes……… placed on the amount of glass melted in a
glasshouse, and were levied continuously from 1745
to 1845.
9 In 1887, HM Ashley had the fastest From 1887 onwards, glass making developed from
bottle-producing machine that existed at traditional mouth-blowing to a semi-automatic
the time. (TRUE) process, after factory-owner HM Ashley introduced
a machine capable of producing 200 bottles per hour
in Castleford, Yorkshire, England – more than three
times quicker than any previous production method.
10 Michael Owens was hired by a large US Michael Owens – founder of the Owens Bottle
company to design a fully-automated Machine Company (later the major manufacturers
bottle manufacturing machine for them. Owens-Illinois)
(FALSE)
11 Nowadays, most glass is produced by Today, glass making is big business. It has become a
large international manufacturers. (NOT modern, hi-tech industry operating in a fiercely
GIVEN) competitive global market where quality, design and
service levels are critical to maintaining market
share.
12 Concern for the environment is leading and with growing consumer concern for green
to an increased demand for glass issues, glass bottles and jars are becoming ever more
containers. (TRUE) popular.
13 It is more expensive to produce recycled As less energy is needed to melt recycled glass than
glass than to manufacture new glass. to melt down raw materials, this also saves fuel and
(FALSE) production costs.
READING PASSAGE 2
15 What point does the writer make about Some of them drive dynamic processes that resonate
large predators in the third paragraph? through the whole food chain, creating niches for
A Their presence can increase hundreds of species that might otherwise struggle to
survive. The killers turn out to be bringers of life.
biodiversity.
B They may cause damage to
local ecosystems.
C Their behaviour can alter
according to the environment.
D They should be reintroduced
only to areas where they were
native.
16 What does the writer suggest about which has often selected arbitrary assemblages of
British conservation in the fourth plants and animals and sought, at great effort and
paragraph? expense, to prevent them from changing.
A It has failed to achieve its aims.
B It is beginning to change
direction.
C It has taken a misguided
approach.
D It has focused on the most
widespread species.
17 Protecting large areas of the sea from At sea the potential is even greater: by protecting
commercial fishing would result in large areas from commercial fishing, we could once
A practical benefits for the fishing more see what 18th-century literature describes: vast
shoals of fish being chased by fin and sperm whales,
industry.
within sight of the English shore. This policy would
B some short-term losses to the also greatly boost catches in the surrounding seas.
fishing industry.
C widespread opposition from the
fishing industry.
D certain changes to techniques
within the fishing industry.
19 There would be many advantages to The lynx presents no threat to human beings: there
reintroducing the lynx to Britain. While is no known instance of one preying on people.
there is no evidence that the lynx has
ever put 19 ……E.humans……….. in
danger,
20 it would reduce the numbers of It is a specialist predator of roe deer, a species that
certain 20…D. wild animals….. whose has exploded in Britain in recent decades, holding
populations have increased enormously back, by intensive browsing, attempts to re-establish
in recent decades. forests. It will also winkle out sika deer: an exotic
species that is almost impossible for human beings
to control, as it hides in impenetrable plantations of
young trees.
21 . It would present only a minimal threat The lynx requires deep cover, and as such presents
to 21…F. farm animals.., provided little risk to sheep and other livestock, which are
these were kept away from lynx supposed, as a condition of farm subsidies, to be
habitats.
kept out of the woods.
22 Furthermore, the reintroduction The attempt to reintroduce this predator marries well
programme would also link efficiently with the aim of bringing forests back to parts of our
with initiatives to return native 22…… bare and barren uplands.
A.trees… to certain areas of the
country.
23 Britain could become the first European The lynx has now been reintroduced to the Jura
country to reintroduce the lynx. (NO) Mountains, the Alps, the Vosges in eastern France
and the Harz mountains in Germany, and has re-
established itself in many more places.
24 The large growth in the European lynx The European population has tripled since 1970 to
population since 1970 has roughly 10,000.
exceeded conservationists’
expectations. (NOT GIVEN)
25 Changes in agricultural practices have As with wolves, bears, beavers, boar, bison, moose
extended the habitat of the lynx in and many other species, the lynx has been able to
Europe.(YES) spread as farming has left the hills and people
discover that it is more lucrative to protect
charismatic wildlife than to hunt it, as tourists will
pay for the chance to see it.
26 It has become apparent that species people discover that it is more lucrative to protect
reintroduction has commercial charismatic wildlife than to hunt it, as tourists will
advantages. (YES) pay for the chance to see it.
READING PASSAGE 3
39 Boards tend to place too much emphasis One of the main criticisms of boards and their
on ………financial……. directors is that they do not focus sufficiently on
considerations that are only of longer-term matters of strategy, sustainability and
governance, but instead concentrate too much on
short-term relevance.
short-term financial metrics.
40 On certain matters, such as pay, the as shareholders use their muscle in the area of pay to
board may have to accept the pressure boards to remove underperforming chief
views of ………shareholders.. executives.
Their powers to vote down executive remuneration
policies increased when binding votes came into
force.
MEETING 2
MINDSET IETLS FOUNDATION - SKILLS MODULE
Vy (Note-taker)
Unit 1: Exercise 2
Read the text. Then complete the exercise.
How to have a great day every day
Many people want to know how to work harder and feel better. How can
you have a great day at school or at the office? A good daily routine can help
you to have a great day every day.
A Get up early
Many people want to stay in bed in the morning, but it is best to get up
before 7:00 a.m. If you start working or studying early, you will have more
ideas and you will be able to work faster. Many well-known writers and
musicians from the past believed that it was important to get up early – and
to go to bed early too. You should also try to get up at the same time every
day, because this is good for your body and brain.
B Eat breakfast
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. People often say that they
don’t have time to eat breakfast, but they will find it more difficult to start
work, and they will soon feel very hungry. A healthy meal of toast, eggs, and
fruit juice will help you to work well all morning – and stop you from eating
unhealthy food like crisps and chocolate later in the morning!
C Go for a walk
If you usually spend a lot of time in your office or in the classroom, it is
very important to go outside and get some fresh air. If you spend just 30
minutes a day walking outside, you will feel less tired and you will be able to
do more when you get back to work or school. A walk in the park every day
will make you feel much healthier and will help you to do your best work.
Choose the correct paragraph to match the information. Read the text on the first screen
again to help you.
o A
o B
o C
o A
o B
o C
3. This will stop you from eating food that is bad for you.
o A
o B
o C
4. In the past, famous people thought that this was a good idea.
o A
o B
o C
o A
o B
o C
o A
o B
o C
Unit 1: Exercise 3
Choose the correct verbs to complete the email.
Dear Jane,
Thank you for your email. It was very interesting to hear about your daily life in Cambridge, England. I
am writing to tell you about my typical day in Rome. On school days I usually
do/get/have up at 7:00 a.m. I have a shower and do/get/make dressed. In Italy, we don’t have to wear a
school uniform, so I normally wear jeans and a tee-shirt. Then I do/have/take breakfast with my parents
and sister. I usually eat bread with jam and drink orange juice. My school starts at 8:30 a.m., so I leave
my house at 8:00 a.m. I don’t live far from the school, so I walk there with my friends. My sister’s school
is far away, so she takes a bus. I have lessons in the morning until 1:00 p.m. and then I go home and
do/go/have lunch with my mum. In Italy we often eat a lot for lunch, including pasta, meat and salad, but
we have a much smaller dinner. In the afternoon I do my homework and help my mum to do/have/make
the housework. I do the washing up and do/have/take out the bins. I have football practice on Tuesday
afternoons and a piano lesson on Thursday afternoons. I have dinner at about 7:00 p.m. Every day after
dinner, I go/have/take for a walk with my family around the town. We often stop and have an ice cream
in my favourite ice cream shop. I usually go/have/make to bed at about 10:00 p.m., because I have school
the next day.
Alessia
Unit 1: Exercise 4
Read the email. Then complete the exercise
Dear Jane,
Thank you for your email. It was very interesting to hear about your daily
life in Cambridge, England. I am writing to tell you about my typical day in
Rome. On school days I usually get up at 7:00 a.m. I have a shower and get
dressed. In Italy, we don’t have to wear a school uniform, so I normally wear
jeans and a tee-shirt. Then I have breakfast with my parents and sister. I
usually eat bread with jam and drink orange juice. My school starts at 8:30
a.m., so I leave my house at 8:00 a.m. I don’t live far from the school, so I
walk there with my friends. My sister’s school is far away, so she takes a
bus. I have lessons in the morning until 1:00 p.m. and then I go home and
have lunch with my mum. In Italy we often eat a lot for lunch, including
pasta, meat and salad, but we have a much smaller dinner. In the afternoon I
do my homework and help my mum to do the housework. I do the washing
up and take out the bins. I have football practice on Tuesday afternoons and
a piano lesson on Thursday afternoons. I have dinner at about 7:00 p.m.
Every day after dinner, I go for a walk with my family around the town. We
often stop and have an ice cream in my favourite ice cream shop. I usually
go to bed at about 10:00 p.m., because I have school the next day.
Best wishes,
Alessia
Choose the correct answers. Read the email on the first screen again to help you.
Unit 1: Exercise 5
Read the text about professional swimmer Michael Daley’s day. Then complete the
exercise.
Then it’s time for me to start work. From 10:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m. I
normally go to the swimming pool and train for two hours with my personal
trainer. I swim about five kilometres, and practise diving. After my training,
I usually have a meeting with my trainer to talk about how well I’m doing
and what I still need to work on. I sometimes have lunch at the pool café
with my trainer, but if I have a television interview, I’ll walk over to the TV
studio. All my friends think that it’s exciting to be on television, but it takes
a long time to film, so it can be a bit boring. It’s not difficult to do TV
interviews, but it takes a long time to get ready. At home, it takes me about
20 minutes to have a shower, get dressed and do my hair, or maybe half an
hour if I’m going somewhere special, but at the TV studio it takes an hour! If
I have a big competition coming up, then I do more training in the afternoon,
or have more meetings with my trainer.
In the evenings, I usually relax at home with my wife, Emma. I quite enjoy
cooking, so we often eat at home together. Emma hated my cooking at first,
but now she thinks it’s OK. Her father is a chef at a top restaurant, so she
loves good food. We sometimes go to a restaurant for dinner. We both love
Korean food, and there’s a great place near my house. I never eat fast food
like burgers and kebabs, or my trainer will get angry with me. Then Emma
and I usually watch a film on television. We both love comedy films, and
Emma also likes romantic films, but I’m not a big fan – I prefer action films.
I usually go to bed at 10.00 p.m. because I need to be back in the gym by
7.00 a.m. the next day!
Choose the correct answers. Read the text on the first screen again to help you.
1. When does Michael get up late now?
o Most days.
o On Sundays
o Never.
o 30 minutes.
o 1 hour.
o 2 hour.
o exciting.
o Boring
o difficult
o 20 minutes.
o 30 minutes.
o 1 hour.
6. What does Michael’s wife, Emma, think about his cooking now?
o dinner at home.
o dinner in a restaurant.
o comedy films.
o romantic films.
o action films.
Unit 1: Exercise 6
Complete the sentences. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form of the present
simple tense. The first question has been done for you.
3. Breakfast _____is_____ (be) the most important meal of the day for me.
Unit 1: Exercise 7
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
Unit 1: Exercise 8
Match the words and phrases from an email.
you asked about … for your email. hear from you. Jane, hear
from you soon. wishes, are you? tell you about … you are well.
1.Dear Jane,
9.Best wishes
Unit 1: Exercise 9
Read the email. Then complete the exercise.
A Dear Jane,
Thank you for your email. It was very interesting to hear about your life in
Cambridge. I am writing to tell you about my typical day in Rome.
B On school days, I usually get up at 7:00 a.m. I have a shower and get
dressed. In Italy, we don’t have to wear a school uniform like you do in
England, so I normally wear jeans and a tee-shirt. Then I have breakfast with
my parents and sister. I usually eat a croissant with jam and drink orange
juice.
C My school starts at 8:30 a.m., so I leave my house at 8:00 a.m. I don’t live
far from the school, so I walk there with my friends. My sister’s school is far
away, so she takes a bus. I have lessons in the morning until 1:00 p.m. and
then I go home and have lunch with my mum. In Italy we often eat a lot for
lunch, including pasta, meat and salad, but we have a much smaller dinner.
E I have dinner at about 7:00 p.m. Every day after dinner, I go for a walk
with my family around our neighbourhood. We often stop and have an ice
cream in my favourite ice cream shop. I usually go to bed at about 10:00
p.m., as I have school the next day.
Best wishes,
Alessia
Label the sentences A–F to match the different parts of the email. Read the email on the
first screen again to help you. The first question has been done for you.
2. What the writer does when she gets up in the morning __B____
5. What the writer does for the rest of the morning ___C___
Unit 1: Exercise 10
A friend from a different country emailed you and asked about your typical day. Write an
email in reply to your friend. Use the notes to help you.
Notes
1 Start with a greeting and introduce the topic of your email.
2 Describe what you usually do when you get up in the morning.
3 Describe how you usually spend your morning.
4 Describe what you usually do in the afternoons.
5 Talk about your free time activities.
6 Describe what you do in the evening.
7 End with a closing sentence and your name.
Student post:
1. Bedroom
2. Bathroom
3. Kitchen
4. Livingroom
1. Basement
2. Hall
3. Hallway
4. Study
5. Attic
6. Garage
7. Garden
1. Andrew Taylor
2. Prime Location Agency
3. London
4. [email protected]
5. By email
1. Giorgio
2. Andrew Taylor
3. Giorgio
4. Andrew Taylor
5. Andrew Taylor
6. Giorgio
1. I am not
2. Live
3. Doesn’t love
4. Does
5. Can
6. Can/ speak
7. You want
8. Does
1. Is not
2. Is the car
3. Is
4. I don’t play
5. Do you play
6. Do you play
7. I play
1. No
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. No
6. Yes
7. No
8. No
Listening script [04]
Andrew: Giorgio: Andrew: Giorgio: Andrew: Giorgio: Andrew: Giorgio: Andrew: Giorgio: Andrew: Giorgio:
Andrew : Good afternoon, Prime Location Agency, Andrew Taylor speaking. Can I first check your student status?
Giorgio : Hello, yes, of course. My name's Giorgio Rossi and I will soon be a student at Brickbat University. I'm
calling today to discuss where to live when I come to the UK to study at the university.
Andrew : Oh, hello, Giorgio. Thank you for your call, I have some questions for you. I hope that you don't mind.
Can you speak English?
Andrew : First of all, where do you want to live - in a room on campus or in private accommodation?
Giorgio : Oh, yes, I am definitely sociable. I live with my parents at the moment. We have a big family and there
are always lots of visitors.
Andrew : OK, that's great. Do you also like to sometimes have a quiet room to study in private?
Giorgio : Well, it depends on how I feel. I sometimes like to be sociable and other times, I prefer to study alone.
Can I ask, where exactly the accommodation is?
Andrew : Well, if you live in a room on campus, it is very convenient for your studies, as you actually live in a
building in the university. However, it's also noisy. There are hundreds of other students who also live
there, and they often make lots of noise, but if you live in private accommodation you have a quiet
life in a different part of the city with maybe one or two other students who are your housemates.
Although, it often takes a long time to travel to university. What do you think?
Giorgio : It's a difficult decision. I want to make lots of new friends, but I also know that I need to work hard and
study.
Andrew : OK, one final question. Meals. Would you prefer to live somewhere which is catered?
Andrew : Catered means that all your food is included in the price of the accommodation. For example, if you
decide to live on campus you can usually choose catered accommodation. That means that, for
example, every day, you can go to the canteen for your breakfast, lunch or dinner, and it's always free.
The other option is self-catered accommodation, where you can either cook at home or you can go
out for all of your meals. However, you always have to pay for your food.
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. B
2. G
3. A
4. B
5. E
6. F
1. Every weekday morning my alarm clock rings at 6 am and every weekday morning, I try to
ignore it. I do not like mornings. I hide my head under the covers and I pretend that it
isn’t really morning. I groan. I complain. I say nasty things about mornings. Some
mornings I fall back to sleep for a few minutes! After a short time I realize that I have to
get up. I struggle to get out of bed and to start my day.
2. I usually get up around 6 am because my class start at 7 am.
3. I wake up very late on the weekend. I can lie in bed for a few hours to surfing the tiktok,
after that I get up to do personal hygiene.
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. C
I get a lot of free time at the weekends so at that time I prefer reading books
and prefer playing games with my friends.
Họ và tên: Nguyễn Vũ Thụy Vy
MSSV: 050607190658
the History of Glass improve (v): cải tiến
advancement of science: sự tiến bộ khoa
earliest origin (n): nguồn gốc xa xưa
học
make use of (v): làm hữu dụng/ tận dụng
development of technology: sự phát triển
glass (n): kính
công nghệ
historian (n): nhà sử học
traditional (adj): mang tính truyền thống
discover (v): khám phá
mouth-blowing process: quá trình thổi
obsidian (n): hắc diện thạch
semi-automatic process: quá trình bán tự
volcano (n): núi lửa
động
of as a result of: kết quả của
factory-owner (n): chủ nhà máy
eruption (n): sự phun trào
capable of: có khả năng
melt sand (v):nung cát
previous (adj): trước đó
spear (n):giáo
production method (n): phương pháp sản
archaeologist (n): khảo cổ học
xuất
evidence (n): bằng chứng
fully automated machine (n): máy hoàn
stone bead (n): hột đá
toàn tự động
hollow glass container (n): đồ đựng kính
founder (n): nhà sáng lập
rỗng
install (v): lắp đặt
sand core (n): lõi cát
impressive (adj): ấn tượng
a layer of molten glass: một lớp kính chảy
major = essential (adj): quan trọng
glass blowing: thổi kính
glass supplier (n): nguồn cung cấp thủy
impurity (n): các tạp chất
tinh
raw material (n): nguyên liệu gốc (thô)
scientific sector (n): mảng khoa học
be tinted (v): được nhuộm màu
precise science. khoa học chính xác
empire (n): đế chế
operate (v):triển khai
collapse (v): sụp đổ
fiercely competitive (adj): cạnh tranh khốc
the Venetians: người Venetians
liệt
reputation (n): danh tiếng
global market (n): thị trường toàn cầu
craftsman (n): thợ thủ công
critical (adj): quan trọng
major milestone (n): một dấu mốc lớn
maintain (v): duy trì
lead crystal glass (n): kính thủy tinh chì
market share (n): thị phần
manufacturer (n): nhà sản xuất
imagine (v): tưởng tượng
process (n): quá trình
aspect (n): khía cạnh
decorate (v): trang trí
medicine (n): thuốc
refractive index (n): chiết suất
cosmetics (n): mỹ phẩm
brilliance (n): sự rực rỡ
ideal (adj): lý tưởng
invaluable (adj): vô giá
recycling: tái chế
optical industry (n): ngành quang học
consumer concern: sự bận tâm của người
optical lenses (n): ống kính quang học
tiêu dùng
astronomical telescopes (n): kính viễn
landfill (n): hố rác
vọng của ngành thiên văn học
melt (v) làm tan chảy
microscopes (n): hiển vi
recycled glass (n): thủy tinh tái chế
the like became possible: đạt được
save fuel (v): tiết kiệm nhiên liệu
repeal (n): sự bãi bỏ
production cost (n): chi phí sản xuất
be levied (v): bị đánh thuế
reduce (v): làm giảm
Crystal Palace: cung điện pha lê
be quarried (v): được khai thác
exhibition (n): triển lãm
thus: thêm nữa
revolutionary (adj): có tính cách mạng
precious resources: tài nguyên quý giá
domestic (adj): ở trong nước
Họ và tên: Trương Thị Thùy Linh
MSSV: 050610221043
the History of Glass improve (v): cải tiến
advancement of science: sự tiến bộ khoa
earliest origin (n): nguồn gốc xa xưa
học
make use of (v): làm hữu dụng/ tận dụng
development of technology: sự phát triển
glass (n): kính
công nghệ
historian (n): nhà sử học
traditional (adj): mang tính truyền thống
discover (v): khám phá
mouth-blowing process: quá trình thổi
obsidian (n): hắc diện thạch
semi-automatic process: quá trình bán tự
volcano (n): núi lửa
động
of as a result of: kết quả của
factory-owner (n): chủ nhà máy
eruption (n): sự phun trào
capable of: có khả năng
melt sand (v):nung cát
previous (adj): trước đó
spear (n):giáo
production method (n): phương pháp sản
archaeologist (n): khảo cổ học
xuất
evidence (n): bằng chứng
fully automated machine (n): máy hoàn
stone bead (n): hột đá
toàn tự động
hollow glass container (n): đồ đựng kính
founder (n): nhà sáng lập
rỗng
install (v): lắp đặt
sand core (n): lõi cát
impressive (adj): ấn tượng
a layer of molten glass: một lớp kính chảy
major = essential (adj): quan trọng
glass blowing: thổi kính
glass supplier (n): nguồn cung cấp thủy
impurity (n): các tạp chất
tinh
raw material (n): nguyên liệu gốc (thô)
scientific sector (n): mảng khoa học
be tinted (v): được nhuộm màu
precise science. khoa học chính xác
empire (n): đế chế
operate (v):triển khai
collapse (v): sụp đổ
fiercely competitive (adj): cạnh tranh khốc
the Venetians: người Venetians
liệt
reputation (n): danh tiếng
global market (n): thị trường toàn cầu
craftsman (n): thợ thủ công
critical (adj): quan trọng
major milestone (n): một dấu mốc lớn
maintain (v): duy trì
lead crystal glass (n): kính thủy tinh chì
market share (n): thị phần
manufacturer (n): nhà sản xuất
imagine (v): tưởng tượng
process (n): quá trình
aspect (n): khía cạnh
decorate (v): trang trí
medicine (n): thuốc
refractive index (n): chiết suất
cosmetics (n): mỹ phẩm
brilliance (n): sự rực rỡ
ideal (adj): lý tưởng
invaluable (adj): vô giá
recycling: tái chế
optical industry (n): ngành quang học
consumer concern: sự bận tâm của người
optical lenses (n): ống kính quang học
tiêu dùng
astronomical telescopes (n): kính viễn
landfill (n): hố rác
vọng của ngành thiên văn học
melt (v) làm tan chảy
microscopes (n): hiển vi
recycled glass (n): thủy tinh tái chế
the like became possible: đạt được
save fuel (v): tiết kiệm nhiên liệu
repeal (n): sự bãi bỏ
production cost (n): chi phí sản xuất
be levied (v): bị đánh thuế
reduce (v): làm giảm
Crystal Palace: cung điện pha lê
be quarried (v): được khai thác
exhibition (n): triển lãm
thus: thêm nữa
revolutionary (adj): có tính cách mạng
precious resources: tài nguyên quý giá
domestic (adj): ở trong nước
Họ và tên: Phan Anh Hào
MSSV: 050608200326
the History of Glass improve (v): cải tiến
advancement of science: sự tiến bộ khoa
earliest origin (n): nguồn gốc xa xưa
học
make use of (v): làm hữu dụng/ tận dụng
development of technology: sự phát triển
glass (n): kính
công nghệ
historian (n): nhà sử học
traditional (adj): mang tính truyền thống
discover (v): khám phá
mouth-blowing process: quá trình thổi
obsidian (n): hắc diện thạch
semi-automatic process: quá trình bán tự
volcano (n): núi lửa
động
of as a result of: kết quả của
factory-owner (n): chủ nhà máy
eruption (n): sự phun trào
capable of: có khả năng
melt sand (v):nung cát
previous (adj): trước đó
spear (n):giáo
production method (n): phương pháp sản
archaeologist (n): khảo cổ học
xuất
evidence (n): bằng chứng
fully automated machine (n): máy hoàn
stone bead (n): hột đá
toàn tự động
hollow glass container (n): đồ đựng kính
founder (n): nhà sáng lập
rỗng
install (v): lắp đặt
sand core (n): lõi cát
impressive (adj): ấn tượng
a layer of molten glass: một lớp kính chảy
major = essential (adj): quan trọng
glass blowing: thổi kính
glass supplier (n): nguồn cung cấp thủy
impurity (n): các tạp chất
tinh
raw material (n): nguyên liệu gốc (thô)
scientific sector (n): mảng khoa học
be tinted (v): được nhuộm màu
precise science. khoa học chính xác
empire (n): đế chế
operate (v):triển khai
collapse (v): sụp đổ
fiercely competitive (adj): cạnh tranh khốc
the Venetians: người Venetians
liệt
reputation (n): danh tiếng
global market (n): thị trường toàn cầu
craftsman (n): thợ thủ công
critical (adj): quan trọng
major milestone (n): một dấu mốc lớn
maintain (v): duy trì
lead crystal glass (n): kính thủy tinh chì
market share (n): thị phần
manufacturer (n): nhà sản xuất
imagine (v): tưởng tượng
process (n): quá trình
aspect (n): khía cạnh
decorate (v): trang trí
medicine (n): thuốc
refractive index (n): chiết suất
cosmetics (n): mỹ phẩm
brilliance (n): sự rực rỡ
ideal (adj): lý tưởng
invaluable (adj): vô giá
recycling: tái chế
optical industry (n): ngành quang học
consumer concern: sự bận tâm của người
optical lenses (n): ống kính quang học
tiêu dùng
astronomical telescopes (n): kính viễn
landfill (n): hố rác
vọng của ngành thiên văn học
melt (v) làm tan chảy
microscopes (n): hiển vi
recycled glass (n): thủy tinh tái chế
the like became possible: đạt được
save fuel (v): tiết kiệm nhiên liệu
repeal (n): sự bãi bỏ
production cost (n): chi phí sản xuất
be levied (v): bị đánh thuế
reduce (v): làm giảm
Crystal Palace: cung điện pha lê
be quarried (v): được khai thác
exhibition (n): triển lãm
thus: thêm nữa
revolutionary (adj): có tính cách mạng
precious resources: tài nguyên quý giá
domestic (adj): ở trong nước
Họ và tên: Phan Nguyễn Thiên Ân
MSSV: 050610220824
the History of Glass improve (v): cải tiến
advancement of science: sự tiến bộ khoa
earliest origin (n): nguồn gốc xa xưa
học
make use of (v): làm hữu dụng/ tận dụng
development of technology: sự phát triển
glass (n): kính
công nghệ
historian (n): nhà sử học
traditional (adj): mang tính truyền thống
discover (v): khám phá
mouth-blowing process: quá trình thổi
obsidian (n): hắc diện thạch
semi-automatic process: quá trình bán tự
volcano (n): núi lửa
động
of as a result of: kết quả của
factory-owner (n): chủ nhà máy
eruption (n): sự phun trào
capable of: có khả năng
melt sand (v):nung cát
previous (adj): trước đó
spear (n):giáo
production method (n): phương pháp sản
archaeologist (n): khảo cổ học
xuất
evidence (n): bằng chứng
fully automated machine (n): máy hoàn
stone bead (n): hột đá
toàn tự động
hollow glass container (n): đồ đựng kính
founder (n): nhà sáng lập
rỗng
install (v): lắp đặt
sand core (n): lõi cát
impressive (adj): ấn tượng
a layer of molten glass: một lớp kính chảy
major = essential (adj): quan trọng
glass blowing: thổi kính
glass supplier (n): nguồn cung cấp thủy
impurity (n): các tạp chất
tinh
raw material (n): nguyên liệu gốc (thô)
scientific sector (n): mảng khoa học
be tinted (v): được nhuộm màu
precise science. khoa học chính xác
empire (n): đế chế
operate (v):triển khai
collapse (v): sụp đổ
fiercely competitive (adj): cạnh tranh khốc
the Venetians: người Venetians
liệt
reputation (n): danh tiếng
global market (n): thị trường toàn cầu
craftsman (n): thợ thủ công
critical (adj): quan trọng
major milestone (n): một dấu mốc lớn
maintain (v): duy trì
lead crystal glass (n): kính thủy tinh chì
market share (n): thị phần
manufacturer (n): nhà sản xuất
imagine (v): tưởng tượng
process (n): quá trình
aspect (n): khía cạnh
decorate (v): trang trí
medicine (n): thuốc
refractive index (n): chiết suất
cosmetics (n): mỹ phẩm
brilliance (n): sự rực rỡ
ideal (adj): lý tưởng
invaluable (adj): vô giá
recycling: tái chế
optical industry (n): ngành quang học
consumer concern: sự bận tâm của người
optical lenses (n): ống kính quang học
tiêu dùng
astronomical telescopes (n): kính viễn
landfill (n): hố rác
vọng của ngành thiên văn học
melt (v) làm tan chảy
microscopes (n): hiển vi
recycled glass (n): thủy tinh tái chế
the like became possible: đạt được
save fuel (v): tiết kiệm nhiên liệu
repeal (n): sự bãi bỏ
production cost (n): chi phí sản xuất
be levied (v): bị đánh thuế
reduce (v): làm giảm
Crystal Palace: cung điện pha lê
be quarried (v): được khai thác
exhibition (n): triển lãm
thus: thêm nữa
revolutionary (adj): có tính cách mạng
precious resources: tài nguyên quý giá
domestic (adj): ở trong nước