Name: ........................................................ Adm no: ………...

Stream: .......................................
FORM FOUR END TERM 3 SEP/OCT .
CELL PHYSIOLOGY.

1.The table below shows the concentration of sodium and iodine ions in pond water
and in the cell sap of water lettuce plant.
Sodium ion concentration Iodine ion concentration
Pond water 180 0.4
Cell sap 90 500

a) Giving reasons, name the process through which each of the ions is taken up by the plant.
(i) Sodium ion. (2mks)
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(ii) Iodine ion. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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a. The lettuce plant was then treated with a chemical substance that inhibits the synthesis of ATP.
Giving reason, state which ion uptake was affected by the treatment. (2mks)
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b. Explain why fresh water fish cannot survive in marine habitat. (2mks)
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2. A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process as shown in the
diagram below.

After leaving the set up for 20 minutes, they observed that the food substance had changed to blue black colour

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i) Identify the reagent X (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..................................
ii) What physiological process was being investigated (1mk)
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iii) Account for the observation made after twenty minutes (3mks)
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3.The diagram below illustrates the behaviour of red blood cells when placed into two
different solutions X and Y.

a) i)Suggest the nature of solution X and Y (2mks)

Solution X............................................................................................
Solution Y………………………………………………………………

ii) Name the process represented by each of the letters A and B (2mks)
Process A .....................................................................................
Process B…………………………………………………………

b) Name the process in the human body, which prevents processes A and B from
taking place (1mks)
...........................................................................................................................................................................

c) Account for the observation made at the end of process B above. (3mks)
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4.A student obtained a castor oil petiole, measuring 4cm long, which was split half way to obtain 4 flaps. The
two pieces were then placed in solutions of different concentrations in a beaker, for 10 minutes. The
appearance after 10 minutes is as shown.

Piece in A Piece in B

a)Account for the appearance of the pieces in solutions A and B

A (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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B (3mks)

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5.The two cells shown below are obtained from two different potato cylinders which were immersed in two
different solutions P and Q.

a) i) Name the structure labelled A. (1 mk)

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 ii) State the function of structure B. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) If eight cells were observed across the diameter of the field of view of 0.5 mm. Work out
the actual diameters of each cell in micrometers. (2 mks)

c) Suggest the identity of the solution Q. (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Account for the change in cell I above. (2 mks)
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e) State any one importance of the physiological process being demonstrated above in animals.

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6. a) What is diffusion (2 marks)

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b) How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion?
i)Diffusion gradient (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.....................................................................................................................................................................
iii) Temperature (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

.....................................................................................................................................................................
c) Explain the importance of diffusion in pollination (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................................................................

d) What is the importance of wilting in plants (2mks)

.....................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

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 7.A group of students set-up an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process.
The set up was as shown in the figure below.

After sometime the student observed that a sugar solution was formed and its level rose
in the cavity where sugar crystals were placed.

a)Account for the formation of sugar solution and its rise in level. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………...............

………………………………………………………………………………………………...............

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b)Suggest the result the students would obtain if they repeated the experiment using
a boiled pawpaw. Give reasons (2mks)

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8..(a) What is active transport? (1mk)

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(b) Explain how glucose concentration increases the rate of active transport. (1mk)

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(c) Give two roles of active transport in the human body. (2mks)

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19. State two functions of the cell membrane (2mks)

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10. Distinguish between plasmolysis and wilting (2mks)

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11.Explain why fresh water amoeba does not burst when placed in distilled water (2mks)

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12. State three differences between active transport and osmosis (3mks)

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13. An experiment was set up in the experiment as show below.

The set up was left for 30 minutes.

a)State the expected results. (1 mark)

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b)Explain your answer in (a) above (3 marks)

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