HISTORY

5TH CENTURY BC
Boyars, with Dravidian roots tracing back to South India from the Indus Valley, invaded the
Southern region as Hindu Telugu-speaking communities and non-pure Kshatriyas. These
people arrived in the Andhra-Odisha region during the Indo-Aryan migration.

1ST CENTURY BC
The Sithandeeshwarar Kovil, situated on the river bank of Bharathapuzha, is believed to have
been a place of meditation for Siddhars and Vali, the vanara king of Kishkindha in the Hindu
epic Ramayana. He worshiped in this temple facing west, and it is believed that the temple
itself faces west. Three self-made stone structures depicting Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu
were also found nearby. Later, a civilization began around the temple, forming a river-based
settlement
SANGAM PERIOD (3rdCENTURY BC TO 3RD CENTURY AD)
In sangam period this geographical region is called as kongunadu which is a derivent of
Kangu (க)
(Komaralingam copperplates) and ultimately Kanganadu (ககநா)
(Sanskrit: Ganganadu, or the land of the Ganga people). The region stretched throughout the
Kaveri catchment basin.In this era, most of the land becomes cultivated and there is a surplus
wealth generated for Vellalars. The famous people of this age are mainly Cheran, Kari, etc.This
leads to separate castes of artisans to emerge.

5TH CENTURY
Pulakeshin 2 Extended his territory to pallava kingdom (modern northern Tamilnadu region)
6TH CENTURY
Pallava kingdom reigned Tamil region and Pulakeshin 2 ruled Venginadu (modern day Andra
Pradesh)
The Kongu Cheras gained influence over the region and were in alliance with the pandyas

7TH CENTURY
Chola took over the chalukya dynasty and became dominant in Deccan. After the death of
pulakeshin 2 Nellore visakhapatnam became independent.
9TH CENTURY
The medieval Cholas, led by Adithya I , conquered the region in 9 th century AD. Pandya king
Rajasimha II, who was defeated by Parantaka I, is known to have found asylum in the region.
Kalyani (Western side) of chalukya was in conflict with the pallava dynasty, pandya, chera,
chola. Eastern part king danarnava was killed, his sons were taken as refugees by cholas. This
part
was then ruled by Telungu choda king bheema till

10TH -11TH CENTURY

With Rajaraja I defeating the cheras and pandyas, the entire region came under chola
influence, While the region was directly under the control of the imperial cholas till 1064 AD.
later the kongu cholas who were probably vassals or viceroys of the cholas , ruled the region
autonomously.The rulers bore the title konattar and adopted chola titles and surnames. West
side of chalukya (kalyani) became dominant after conquering by Cholas.Eastern king
bheema started war against chola and got defeated stating new era for chalukya and
chola.The close relation between the kingdom leads marital alliances between the cholas and
eastern chalukyas and finally the Kolothunga chola 1 absorbed the Vengi kingdom completely.
The Eastern Ganga dynasty (also known as Purba Gangas, Rudhi Gangas or Prachya Gangas)
were a large medieval era Indian royal Hindu dynasty that reigned from Kalinga from as early
as the 5th century to the mid 20th century. In the 10 th century Devendravarma Rajaraja I
defeated the Somavanshi king Mahasivagupta Janmenjaya II completely while challenging the
Cholas in battle, along with establishing
authority in the Vengi region.
The Cholas were defeated by Rajaraja I and Chola princess;
Rajasundari, the daughter of Virarajendra chola, was married off to the Eastern Ganga king
as a goodwill gesture for settlement of affairs between the Cholas and the Ganges. Boyar
warriors served as military regiment between 10th century to 15th century in Chalukya, Chola,
Vijayanagar and Hoysala empires.

12th CENTURY
The Pundurai division of the Coimbatore region, consisting of 32 villages, was bestowed on
Sathandhai Kalingan by a Chola king, and he was anointed as a local chieftain. Veera
Rajendra chola also gave 1 acre land for sithadeeshwarar Kovil. Sathandhai Kalingan thus
established the Kalingarayar dynasty, which ruled the region till the abolition of
the Zamindari system after India’s independence in 1947. He also built kalingarayar canal for
irrigation for the poondurai nadu.
13th CENTURY AD
Kalingarayan was born as a Lingaya Gounder in the Kongu Gounder community in
the western Tamil Nadu in 1240 CE. He independently ruled the Kongu Nadu region until it
came under the influence of the Pandyas. Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I annexed the
Kongu Nadu region and Jatavarman Vira Pandyan II appointed Lingaya Gounder as a
chieftain and granted him the title 'Kalingarayan'.

14th CENTURY AD
The winds of change in the 14th century altered the political landscape in South India,
The Vijayanagara empire conquered the Chola Kingdom. During the war the temple based
The settlement was destroyed and people were forced to relocate. The territory ruled by the
The Kalingarayar family came under the mighty Vijayanagara Empire. From then on, the
Kalingarayars became one of the 72 ‘Polygars’ or ‘Palayakkarars’ in the empire and reported
to the Nayaka (Viceroy) of Madurai. Each Palayakkarar governed a palayam, which was an
administrative division. Under the Madurai Nayaks, the Kalingarayars functioned as a
semi-independent principality
and their power and mighty grew exponentially.
15th CENTURY AD
Until the 15th century, the Kalingarayar family resided in Pundurai. It was the Vijayanagara
emperor, Devaraya, who instructed Nanjiya Kalingarayar, a descendant of the Kalingans, to
clear the forests of Uthukuli and establish his base there. Following the king's decree, Nanjiya
Kalingarayar built a new capital, complete with wells, irrigation channels, and even a temple
dedicated to his deity, Murugan. As a result of the destruction of settlement, the people
dispersed to various locations and
few of them initiated palar river-based settlement, relying on rice cultivation for their
livelihood. This led to the name 'Senganellur.’

16th CENTURY AD
During the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, as they transported idols to a safe place, they
halted at Singanallur. However, upon departure, their cart broke down, leaving the Perumal
idol in the village. Subsequently, the village began worshiping the Perumal idol. Following the
Vijayanagara Empire's defeat by the Deccani Sultanates in the Battle of
Talikota in 1565 CE, this region fell under the suzerainty of the Wodeyars of Mysore. The
Kalingarayan were fortunate to enjoy the patronage of the Wodeyars, exchanging support
for the family's loyalty. Stationed at Anaimalai, the Kalingarayars were at the service of the
palace. In return, the
Polygars were granted permission to levy tolls on goods passing through their territory en
route to Kerala, providing them with a lucrative source of income.

18th CENTURY AD
By the 1750s, Hyder Ali became the de facto ruler of Mysore and was succeeded in 1728 by
his son Tipu Sultan. The Polygars of the Coimbatore region were harassed by Tipu Sultan
and the Polygar of Uttukuli was forced to send his family to Bombay under British protection.
The defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 brought singanallur under the British East India
Company, which asked the Polygar to pay seven-tenths of the revenue he collected to the
Company. They all became a part of the Zamindari system and uthukuli, singanallur, annamalai
got separate authorities and had separate zamindara who were all cousins and
brothers.
19th CENTURY AD
The East India Company incentivize people to analyze the benefits of coconut plantations,
leading to a gradual dependence on cash crops. Agathur Muthuramaswami Kalingarayar, the
33rd Polygar of Uthukuli, played a significant role
in Madras Presidency politics. He served as the Vice-President of the Madras Zamindar's and
Landowners' Association and was a member of the South Indian Liberal Federation

YEAR 1888 AD
During the publication of the book " THE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES IN THE
DISTRICT AND SUBDISTRICT OF THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY" Singanallur, Uthukuli,
Anamalai all are listed under pollachi sub district and coimbatore district
YEAR 1934 AD
In 1934 the zamindar of singanallur S.R Palaniswamy Gounder constructed the palace upon
his daughters wish thus it became the identity of the village and centre of attraction.

YEAR 1947 AD
The centuries-old rule of the Kalingarayars ended post-independence, when
the Zamindari system was abolished in Madras in keeping with the Madras Big Estates
Abolition Act, 1948. But the good deed by the first Kalingarayar, in transforming the dry and
arid region of Kongunadu into a fertile one, lives on in the hearts of the locals even today.
YEAR 1950 AD
In 1950, caste abolishment act was implemented after which all the people were allowed
wear slippers . YEAR 1955 AD
The PANCHAYAT UNION ELEMENTRY SCHOOL was opened on 19th April 1955 and was
inagurated by C.Subramaniam

YEAR 1960 AD
In 1960 AD the village recieved electricity for the first time by the TAMILNADU
ELECTRICITY BOARD
YEAR 1969 AD
The primary health centre was inaugurated on 2nd october 1969 AD by Mrs . Valliammal in
remberence of the zamindar of singanallur S R . Palaniswamy Gounder
YEAR 1981 AD
With the help of Krishnaswamy gounder and village people a bridge was constructed
across the river Bharathapuzha connecting singanallur and samathur
YEAR 1982 AD
A bus stand was contructed infront of the panchayat union elementry school on the
remberence of Krishnaswamy gounder
YEAR 1999 AD
The panchayat union elementry school was further developed and an additional block was
added and it was inaugrated by Kishnakumar on 12th february 1999
YEAR 2011 AD
The sithandeeshwara temple was renovated and a book was published based on the stone
inscription about the temple history. YEAR 2018 AD
A statue of Sathandhai Kalingan was recently on 13th May 2018 unveiled at Bhavani in Erode
district of Tamil Nadu, while the government of Tamil Nadu has declared the fifth day of the
Tamil month of Thai (January) as 'Kalingarayar Day', which the local agrarian community
celebrates as 'Kalingarayan Pongal’, as a mark of gratitude.