Chapter 12 The Foreign Exchange Market

12.1 Multiple Choice

1) When the value of the British pound changes from $1.50 to $1.25, then A) the pound has appreciated and the dollar has appreciated. B) the pound has depreciated and the dollar has appreciated. C) the pound has appreciated and the dollar has depreciated. D) the pound has depreciated and the dollar has depreciated. Answer: B

6) If the dollar appreciates from 0.8 euros per dollar to 1.2 euros per dollar, the euro depreciates from _____ dollars to _____ dollars per euro. A) 1.25; 0.83 B) 0.83; 1.25 C) 0.83; 1.66 D) 1.25; 1.66 Answer: A 7) If the dollar depreciates relative to the Swiss franc, A) Swiss chocolate will become more expensive in the United States. B) American computers will become less expensive in Switzerland. C) Swiss chocolate will become cheaper in the United States. D) both (A) and (B) of the above. Answer: D 8) If the dollar appreciates relative to the Swiss franc, A) Swiss chocolate will become more expensive in the United States. B) American computers will become less expensive in Switzerland. C) Swiss chocolate will become cheaper in the United States. D) both (A) and (B) of the above. Answer: C 9) When the exchange rate for the euro changes from $0.80 to $1.00 then, holding everything else constant, A) the euro has appreciated and German cars sold in the United States become more expensive. B) the euro has appreciated and German cars sold in the United States become less expensive. C) the euro has depreciated and American wheat sold in Germany becomes more expensive. D) the euro has depreciated and American wheat sold in Germany becomes less expensive. Answer: D

2) When the value of the dollar changes from 0.5 to 0.75, then A) the pound has appreciated and the dollar has appreciated. B) the pound has depreciated and the dollar has appreciated. C) the pound has appreciated and the dollar has depreciated. D) the pound has depreciated and the dollar has depreciated. Answer: C

3) When the exchange rate changes from 0.9 euros to the dollar to 1.0 euros to the dollar, then A) the euro has appreciated and the dollar has appreciated. B) the euro has depreciated and the dollar has appreciated. C) the euro has appreciated and the dollar has depreciated. D) the euro has depreciated and the dollar has depreciated. Answer: B

4) When the exchange rate changes from 1.0 euros to the dollar to 0.9 euros to the dollar, then A) the euro has appreciated and the dollar has appreciated. B) the euro has depreciated and the dollar has appreciated. C) the euro has appreciated and the dollar has depreciated. D) the euro has depreciated and the dollar has depreciated. Answer: C

5) If the dollar _____ from 0.8 euros per dollar to 1.2 euros per dollar, the euro _____ from 1.25 dollars to 0.83 dollars per euro. A) appreciates; appreciates B) appreciates; depreciates C) depreciates; depreciates D) depreciates; appreciates Answer: B

10) When the exchange rate for the euro changes from $1.00 to $0.80, then, holding everything else constant, A) the euro has appreciated and German cars sold in the United States become more expensive. B) the euro has appreciated and German cars sold in the United States become less expensive. C) the euro has depreciated and American wheat sold in Germany becomes more expensive. D) the euro has depreciated and American wheat sold in Germany becomes less expensive. Answer: C

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11) The starting point for understanding how exchange rates are determined is a simple idea called _____, which states that if two countries produce an identical good, the price of the good should be the same throughout the world no matter which country produces it. A) Greshams law B) the law of one price C) purchasing power parity D) arbitrage Answer: B 17) The theory of purchasing power parity cannot fully explain exchange rate movements because A) not all goods are identical in different countries. B) monetary policy differs across countries. C) some goods are not traded between countries. D) of both (A) and (C) of the above. E) of both (B) and (C) of the above. Answer: D 18) The theory of purchasing power parity cannot fully explain exchange rate movements because A) all goods are identical even if produced in different countries. B) monetary policy differs across countries. C) some goods are not traded between countries. D) fiscal policy differs across countries. Answer: C

16) If the 2003 inflation rate in Britain is 6 percent, and the inflation rate in the U.S. is 4 percent, then the theory of purchasing power parity predicts that, during 2003, the value of the British pound in terms of U.S. dollars will A) rise by 10 percent. B) rise by 2 percent. C) fall by 10 percent. D) fall by 2 percent. E) do none of the above. Answer: D

12) The theory of purchasing power parity is a theory of how exchange rate are determined in A) the long run. B) the short run. C) both (A) and (B). D) none of the above. Answer: A

13) The _____ states that exchange rates between any two currencies will adjust to reflect changes in the price levels of the two countries. A) theory of purchasing power parity B) law of one price C) theory of money neutrality D) quantity theory of money Answer: A

14) The theory of purchasing power parity states that exchange rates between any two currencies will adjust to reflect changes in A) the trade balances of the two countries. B) the current account balances of the two countries. C) fiscal policies of the two countries. D) the price levels of the two countries. Answer: D

15) In the long run, a rise in a countrys price level (relative to the foreign price level) causes its currency to _____, while a fall in the countrys relative price level causes its currency to _____ A) appreciate; appreciate. B) appreciate; depreciate. C) depreciate; appreciate. D) depreciate; depreciate. Answer: C

19) Increased demand for a countrys _____ causes its currency to appreciate in the long run, while increased demand for _____ causes its currency to depreciate. A) imports; imports B) imports; exports C) exports; imports D) exports; exports Answer: C 20) If the demand for _____ goods decreases relative to _____ goods, the domestic currency will depreciate. A) foreign; domestic B) foreign; foreign C) domestic; domestic D) domestic; foreign Answer: D

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21) Higher tariffs and quotas cause a countrys currency to _____ in the _____ run. A) depreciate; short B) appreciate; short C) depreciate; long D) appreciate; long Answer: D

22) Lower tariffs and quotas cause a countrys currency to _____ in the _____ run. A) depreciate; short B) appreciate; short C) depreciate; long D) appreciate; long Answer: C

27) The expected return on the dollar deposit in terms of foreign currency can be written as the _____ of the interest rate on dollar deposits and the expected appreciation of the dollar. A) product B) ratio C) sum D) difference Answer: C 28) If the interest rate on foreign deposits (iF) increases, holding everything else constant, A) the expected return on these deposits must also increase. B) the expected return on domestic deposits must decrease. C) the expected return on domestic deposits must increase. D) both (A) and (B) of the above. E) both (A) and (C) of the above. Answer: A 29) If the interest rate on dollar deposits is 10 percent, and the dollar is expected to appreciate by 7 percent over the coming year, the expected return on dollar deposits in terms of the foreign currency is A) 3 percent. B) 10 percent. C) 13.5 percent. D) 17 percent. E) 24 percent. Answer: D 30) If the interest rate is 7 percent on euro deposits and 5 percent on dollar deposits, and if the dollar is expected to appreciate at a 4 percent rate, A) euro deposits have a higher expected return than dollar deposits. B) the expected return on euro deposits in dollars is 11 percent. C) the expected return on dollar deposits in euros is 1 percent. D) the expected return on euro deposits in dollars is 3 percent. E) the expected return on dollar deposits in euros is 3 percent. Answer: D 31) If the interest rate is 13 percent on euro deposits and 15 percent on dollar deposits, and if the euro is expected to appreciate at a 4 percent rate relative to the dollar, then A) euro deposits have a lower expected return than dollar deposits. B) the expected return on euro deposits in dollars is 9 percent. C) the expected return on dollar deposits in euros is 19 percent. D) both (A) and (B) of the above will occur. E) none of the above will occur. Answer: E

23) If the inflation rate in the United States is higher than that of Germany and productivity is growing at a slower rate in the United States than it is in Germany, in the long run, A) the euro should appreciate relative to the dollar. B) the euro should depreciate relative to the dollar. C) there should be no change in the euro price of dollars. D) it is not clear what will happen to the euro price of dollars. Answer: A

24) If the French demand for American exports rises at the same time that U.S. productivity rises relative to French productivity, then, in the long run, A) the euro should appreciate relative to the dollar. B) the dollar should depreciate relative to the euro. C) the dollar should appreciate relative to the euro. D) it is not clear whether the euro should appreciate or depreciate relative to the dollar. Answer: C

25) The theory of asset demand suggests that the most important factor affecting the demand for domestic and foreign deposits is A) the level of trade and capital flows. B) the expected return on these assets relative to one another. C) the liquidity of these assets relative to one another. D) the riskiness of these assets relative to one another. Answer: B

26) When Franois the Foreigner considers the expected return of dollar deposits in terms of foreign currency, the expected return must be adjusted for A) any expected appreciation or depreciation of the dollar. B) any expected appreciation or depreciation of the foreign currency. C) both (A) and (B) of the above. D) neither (A) nor (B) of the above. Answer: A

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32) The expected return on dollar deposits in terms of dollars, RD, is A) always the interest rate on dollar deposits, iD, for any exchange rate. B) the interest rate on dollar deposits, iD, only when Et > Eet+1. C) the interest rate on dollar deposits, iD, only when Et < Eet+1. D) the interest rate on dollar deposits, iD, only when Et = Eet+1.

Answer: A

37) According to the interest parity condition, if the domestic interest rate is 12 percent and the foreign interest rate is 10 percent, then A) the expected appreciation of the foreign currency must be 4 percent. B) the expected appreciation of the foreign currency must be 2 percent. C) the expected depreciation of the foreign currency must be 2 percent. D) the expected depreciation of the foreign currency must be 4 percent. Answer: B 38) According to the interest parity condition, if the domestic interest rate is 10 percent and the foreign interest rate is 12 percent, then A) the expected appreciation of the foreign currency must be 4 percent. B) the expected appreciation of the foreign currency must be 2 percent. C) the expected depreciation of the foreign currency must be 2 percent. D) the expected depreciation of the foreign currency must be 4 percent. Answer: C 39) When Americans or foreigners expect the return on _____ deposits to be high relative to the return on _____ deposits, there is a higher demand for dollar deposits and a correspondingly lower demand for foreign deposits. A) dollar; dollar B) dollar; foreign C) foreign; dollar D) foreign; foreign Answer: B 40) When Americans or foreigners expect the return on dollar deposits to be high relative to the return on foreign deposits, there is a _____ demand for dollar deposits and a correspondingly _____ demand for foreign deposits. A) higher; higher B) higher; lower C) lower; higher D) lower; lower Answer: B 41) As the relative expected return on dollar deposits increases, foreigners will want to hold more _____ deposits and less _____ deposits. A) foreign; foreign B) foreign; dollar C) dollar; foreign D) dollar; dollar Answer: C

33) The condition which states that the domestic interest rate equals the foreign interest rate minus the expected appreciation of the domestic currency is called A) the purchasing power parity condition. B) the interest parity condition. C) money neutrality. D) the theory of foreign capital mobility. Answer: B

34) In a world with few impediments to capital mobility, the domestic interest rate equals the sum of the foreign interest rate and the expected depreciation of the domestic currency, a situation known as the A) interest parity condition. B) purchasing power parity condition. C) exchange rate parity condition. D) foreign asset parity condition. Answer: A

35) According to the interest parity condition, the domestic interest rate is equal to A) the foreign interest rate plus the expected appreciation of the domestic currency. B) the foreign interest rate less the expected appreciation of the domestic currency. C) the foreign interest rate less the expected depreciation of the domestic currency. D) the foreign interest rate less the expected depreciation of the domestic currency weighted by the domestic interest rate. Answer: B

36) According to the interest parity condition, if the domestic interest rate is A) above the foreign interest rate, then there is expected appreciation of the foreign currency. B) above the foreign interest rate, then there is expected depreciation of the foreign currency. C) below the foreign interest rate, then there is expected appreciation of the foreign currency. D) below the foreign interest rate, then the interest parity condition is violated. Answer: A

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42) As the relative expected return on dollar deposits increases, A) foreigners will want to hold fewer dollar deposits and more foreign deposits. B) Americans will want to hold more dollar deposits and less foreign deposits. C) Americans will want to hold fewer dollar deposits and more foreign deposits. D) Americans and foreigners will be indifferent towards holding dollar deposits or foreign deposits. Answer: B 49) Which of the following causes a depreciation of the domestic currency? A) A lower domestic interest rate due to a lower expected inflation rate. B) A decline in the domestic real interest rate. C) A decrease in the domestic money supply. D) All of the above. Answer: B 50) Which of the following causes an appreciation of the domestic currency? A) A lower domestic interest rate due to a lower expected inflation rate. B) A decline in the domestic real interest rate. C) An increase in the domestic money supply. D) All of the above. Answer: A 51) When the domestic nominal interest rate rises because of an increase in expected inflation, the expected appreciation of the dollar declines, _____ shifts out more than _____, and the exchange rate declines. A) R ; R F F B) R ; R D D C) R ; R D F D) R ; R Answer: A 52) When an increase in the money supply causes the exchange rate to fall by more in the short run than it does in the long run, it is called A) exchange rate disequilibrium. B) exchange rate overshooting. C) the J-curve effect. D) none of the above. Answer: B
F D

48) A decrease in the domestic interest rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to depreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: B

43) An increase in the foreign interest rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to depreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: C

44) A decrease in the foreign interest rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to appreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: D

45) A rise in the expected future exchange rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to appreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: D

46) A fall in the expected future exchange rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to depreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: C

47) An increase in the domestic interest rate shifts the expected return schedule for _____ deposits to the _____ and causes the domestic currency to appreciate. A) domestic; right B) domestic; left C) foreign; right D) foreign; left Answer: A 160

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53) In the long run, a one-time percentage increase in the money supply is matched by the same one-time percentage rise in the price level, A) leaving unchanged the real money supply and all other economic variables such as interest rates. This proposition is called money neutrality. B) leaving unchanged the real money supply and the nominal exchange rate. This proposition is called money neutrality. C) leaving unchanged the real money supply and all other economic variables such as interest rates. This proposition is called money illusion. D) leaving unchanged the real money supply and the nominal exchange rate. This proposition is called money illusion. Answer: A
D

58) Evidence from the United States during the period 1973-2001 indicates the correspondence between nominal interest rates and exchange rate movements is A) much closer than that between real interest rates and exchange rate movements. B) not nearly as close as that between government spending and exchange rate movements. C) not nearly as close as that between government deficits and exchange rate movements. D) not nearly as close as that between real interest rates and exchange rate movements. Answer: D

12.2 True/False
1) The foreign exchange market is organized as an over-the-counter market in which deposits denominated in foreign currencies are bought and sold. Answer: TRUE 2) When the value of the dollar changes from 0.5 pounds to 0.75 pounds, then the pound has appreciated and the dollar has depreciated. Answer: FALSE 3) When the exchange rate for the euro changes from $0.90 to $0.85, then holding everything else constant, the euro has depreciated and American wheat sold in Germany becomes more expensive. Answer: TRUE 4) The theory of purchasing power parity cannot fully explain exchange rate movements because fiscal policy differs across countries. Answer: FALSE 5) If the dollar depreciates relative to the British pound, British sweaters will become more expensive in the United States. Answer: TRUE 6) If the dollar appreciates relative to the Swiss franc, Swiss chocolate will become cheaper in the United States. Answer: TRUE 7) If the exchange rate between the dollar and the Swiss franc changes from 1.8 to 1.5 francs per dollar, the franc depreciates and the dollar appreciates. Answer: FALSE 59) An increase in tariffs and quotas on imports causes a countrys currency to appreciate. Answer: TRUE 162

54) Money neutrality means that in the long run the domestic interest rate and R remain unchanged, implying that the fall in the exchange rate is greater in the _____ run than in the _____ run, a phenomenon called exchange rate overshooting. A) short; short B) short; long C) long; short D) long; long Answer: B

55) A lower domestic money supply causes the domestic currency to A) depreciate in the short run. B) depreciate in the long run. C) appreciate in the short run. D) do both (A) and (B) of the above. E) do both (B) and (C) of the above. Answer: C

56) A higher domestic money supply causes the domestic currency to A) depreciate more in the short run than in the long run. B) depreciate more in the long run than in the short run. C) appreciate more in the short run than in the long run. D) appreciate more in the long run than in the short run. Answer: A

57) The weakness of the dollar in the late 1970s and the strength of the dollar in the early 1980s can be explained by movements in A) real interest rates, but not nominal interest rates. B) nominal interest rates, but not real interest rates. C) relative price levels, but not real interest rates. D) none of the above. Answer: A

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60) Increased demand for a countrys exports causes its currency to depreciate. Answer: FALSE

61) As the relative expected return on dollar deposits increases, Americans will want to hold fewer dollar deposits and more foreign deposits. Answer: FALSE

62) According to the interest rate parity condition, if the domestic interest rate is 12 percent and the foreign interest rate is 10 percent, then the expected appreciation of the foreign currency must be 2 percent. Answer: TRUE

63) A fall in the expected future exchange rate shifts the expected return schedule for domestic deposits to the right and causes the domestic currency to depreciate. Answer: FALSE

12.3 Essay

1) Explain the logic underlying the law of one price and the theory of purchasing power parity.

2) Explain graphically how a change in the domestic price level will affect exchange rates, holding everything else constant.

3) Explain the theory of interest rate parity.

4) Explain graphically how a change in the foreign interest rate will affect exchange rates.

5) Discuss the relationship between changes in domestic real and nominal interest rates and exchange rates.

6) Explain graphically how an increase in a countrys money supply will affect the exchange rate for its currency.

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