ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(07), 1259-1266

Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/19170

DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/19170

RESEARCH ARTICLE
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION TRENDS OF AUGMENTED REALITY
TECHNOLOGY IN SCIENCE LEARNING

Aprina Maharani Zan1 and Asrizal2

1. Student of Magister Degree Program of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air
Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia.
2. Lecturer of Master Degree Program of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air
Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History Technological developments have brought many benefits to life,
Received: 31 May 2024 especially in the field of education, by facilitating access to
Final Accepted: 30 June 2024 information, increasing learning interactions, and expanding learning
Published: July 2024 opportunities. In education, technology can be included in learning
media. However, there are many challenges faced in applying
Key words:-
Augmented Reality, Learning, Digital technology in learning. One technology that can be applied in learning
Teaching Materials is Augmented Reality (AR). AR technology is able to present the
virtual world as if it were real. The application of AR in learning has
many challenges such as funding and students' lack of digital literacy.
So this research was carried out in the form of a bibliometric analysis
of the use of AR in learning. This analysis was carried out using the
publish or perish application and VOSviewer to search and analyze
articles. Research articles starting from 2014-2024 state the use of AR
in the last 10 years. The results of the bibliometric analysis state that
the use of AR in learning is divided into 5 clusters, this research has
started to emerge since 2022, and research that has not yet been widely
carried out is the use of digital teaching materials with AR. Research
related to digital teaching materials with AR could become a new trend
in 2024.

Copy Right, IJAR, 2024,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Introduction:-
Technological developments have brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the world of
education. Modern technology, such as the internet, educational software, and digital learning platforms, has
changed the way students access and process information (Santoso, 2022; Alenezi, 2023). The book "Teaching in a
Digital Age" by Tony Bates shows that technology not only facilitates access to information, but also encourages
more collaborative and interactive learning methods (Bates, 2022). Through the use of technology, students can
collaborate with classmates and teachers in real time, expanding the reach of learning beyond physical boundaries
(Iskandar, 2023). In addition, educational software allows customization of learning materials according to
individual student needs, therebyincreasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process (Castro, 2019;
Resya, 2023). Thus, the integration of technology in education not only enriches the learning experience, but also
prepares students to face future challenges in an increasingly digital world.

Corresponding Author:- Asrizal

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Address:- Lecturer of Master Degree Program of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri
Padang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Barat Padang-25131, Indonesia.
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The importance of applying technology in education is increasingly clear with the presence of innovative learning
media, digital learning resources and interactive tools. Technology allows personalization in the learning process,
where material can be adapted to the needs and abilities of each student (Soegiarto, 2023). The application of
technology in education can increase student engagement, facilitate access to quality resources, and develop 21st
century skills (Kareem, 2022; Anas, 2024). With technology, students can access rich and varied learning resources
anytime and anywhere. This not only broadens the scope of learning but also increases student motivation and
interest. Additionally, interactive tools encourage more collaborative and dynamic learning, preparing students for
future challenges.

Education with technological developments has brought about a major transformation in the way we learn and teach.
In this digital era, technology is not only a tool, but also the core of an innovative educational process (Purba, 2023).
The importance of digital education is increasingly visible as technology allows access to a wider and more diverse
range of educational resources, supporting more personalized and interactive learning. Despite its great potential,
many education systems still face the problem of lack of application of technology in learning (Akbar, 2019). These
obstacles are often caused by limited infrastructure, lack of training for teaching staff, high costs of technology
integration and resistance to change (Syifa, 2024; Siwitomo; 2023). These obstacles are often caused by inadequate
internet infrastructure, unsupportive school facilities, and lack of training for teachers to use technology effectively
(Dewantara, 2024). Research shows that unequal access to technology widens the education gap between urban and
rural areas (Anwar, 2022). With the many limitations and challenges in the application of technology it can
influence student learning outcomes.

As a solution to these problems, the integration of augmented reality (AR) in education offers great opportunities.
AR can create a more interesting and interactive learning environment, allowing students to interact with digital
content in a real-world context (Kuswinardi, 2023). AR can help students understand complex concepts more easily
(Geroimenko, 2020). Through the use of AR, students can make abstract visualizations real, improving their
understanding significantly. In addition, AR can increase student involvement in the learning process. Thus, AR not
only enriches the learning experience but also prepares students for future challenges in an increasingly digital
world.

The importance of AR in learning cannot be ignored as this technology not only increases student engagement but
also supports deeper and more meaningful learning. AR enables the visualization and manipulation of 3D objects,
which helps in understanding material that is difficult to explain by conventional means (Hurrahman, 2022; Virijai,
2023). AR is able to present illustrations in virtual form as if they were real which can attract students' attention in
learning. Objects that cannot be displayed in front of the class can be shown in virtual form without changing the
concept of the object. Learning using AR can make learning more efficient.

To understand how AR can be applied effectively in learning and identify trends and challenges in this research, a
systematic approach such as bibliometric analysis is needed. This analysis helps collect and analyze data from
various scientific publications to provide a comprehensive picture of the development of AR research in education.
By conducting bibliometric research, we can evaluate the extent to which AR has been applied, identify research
relevance on AR, and understand the direction and focus of future research. This article aims to present a
bibliometric analysis of the use of AR in learning, providing useful insights for educational development in the
digital era.

Method:-
This research discusses bibliometric analysis regarding the use of augmented reality (AR) in learning. This research
involves quantitative analysis of relevant literature to identify research trends, related research topics and future
research trends (Muhammad, 2023). The bibliometric literature review research method is an approach used to
analyze and measure the influence of various scientific publications in a field of study (Budianto, 2023). This
method allows researchers to identify trends, patterns, and developments in academic literature through quantitative
analysis. By using bibliometrics, researchers can assess the performance of authors, institutions and journals based
on the number of citations and publications. This method also helps in identifying collaborations between
researchers and institutions and highlights the most frequently discussed topics. Additionally, bibliometrics can be
used to reveal research gaps that have not been widely explored. Thus, this method is very useful in understanding
scientific developments and determining future research directions.

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The steps in bibliometric research include several important stages that must be followed systematically. First,
researchers must determine the objectives and scope of the research to ensure a clear focus (Muhammad, 2023). This
bibliometric research examines the use of augmented reality in learning. Second, researchers collect bibliometric
data from various sources, such as scientific databases and academic journals. Bibliometric data uses the publish or
perish application which collects articles from Google Scholar and Scopus. After that, the data is organized and
filtered to eliminate duplication and ensure relevance. The next step is data analysis using bibliometric tools to
identify patterns and trends. The bibliometric tool used is VOSviewers which can map bibliometric results. The
results of the analysis are then interpreted to answer research questions and identify practical implications. Finally,
the researcher prepares a research report which includes findings and recommendations based on the bibliometric
analysis that has been carried out.

Collection and selection of articles in bibliometric research can be done using the Publish or Perish application. This
application allows researchers to search and download bibliometric data from various sources, such as Google
Scholar and Scopus. This process begins with a literature search using trusted academic databases such as Scopus,
Web of Science, or Google Scholar, with specific keywords such as "education", "augmented reality". "learning
media" and "physics". Publish or Perish provides information about the study topic, which helps in assessing the
bibliometric analysis of AR usage. With this application, the data collection process becomes more efficient and
structured to focus on data analysis and interpretation.

Data analysis techniques in bibliometric research are often carried out using the VOSviewer application. This tool
allows researchers to identify research clusters and themes that dominate in the academic literature. Additionally,
VOSviewer can display temporal developments in a field of study, helping researchers to see how research topics
develop over time. With clear and informative visualizations, VOSviewer makes it easy for researchers to analyze
bibliometric data in depth and comprehensively. Visualization techniques such as distribution maps or collaboration
networks are also used to facilitate data interpretation. This study provides insight into developments and research
directions in the field of AR in learning and identifies areas that require further attention.

Results and Discussion:-

The results of this bibliometric analysis show that there has been a significant increase in the number of publications
regarding the use of augmented reality in learning over the last 10 years. These studies are spread across various
countries, showing global interest in the implementation of AR in education from 2014-2024. Search for research
related to bibliometric analysis of the use of AR in learning using the keywords, namely "education", "augmented
reality". "learning media" and "physics". Research that examined according to keywords obtained 1000 articles.
Article searches were carried out using the publish and perish application. Searches using this application can
include sources from Google Scolar and Scopus.

Networking visualization
The results of using the VOSviewer application show the development of scientific publications regarding the use of
AR in learning from 2014-2024 and a map of the development of AR research publications based on relevant
keywords. The research results are displayed in many colors which indicate the clusters of the research. Vosviewer
also displays network connections from research on the use of AR in learning. The first research result, namely the
development of AR scientific publications, is shown from 2014-2024 in Figure 1.

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Figure 1:- Networking visualization.

Based on Figure 1 obtained from the VOSviewer application, it displays the networking visualization results. This
explains the relationship between related articles. The more threads that connect them reveal the many connections
that researchers have made before. Based on the ibi network visualization, it can state 5 network clusters. The first
cluster states scientific studies about AR Technology, Augmented Reality trend, context, educator, higher education,
ICT, impact, industry, integration, learner, mixed reality, motivation, new technology, quality, training, video, and
virtual. In cluster 1, scientific studies were found discussing the use of ICT in learning with video, virtual in the
form of the Augmented reality trend. The integration of technology in learning in the form of AR can improve the
quality of learning in terms of student learning outcomes and skills (Novit, 2023). Therefore, the application of Ar in
learning in this digital era really helps the learning process in terms of efficient learning implementation and
learning outcomes.

In cluster 2, scientific studies were found discussing advantage, android, book, digital teaching material, importance,
innovation, learning process, media, media expert, module, physics, problem, real word, reality technology, topic,
and utilization. In cluster 2, studies were found regarding the application of Augmented Reality in learning, which
can take the form of innovation in the use of learning media. The use of AR in learning can be done using books
integrated with AR, applying AR via Android, and applying AR in learning media (Indrayani, 2024; Zakaria, 2023).
The application of Ar in learning is often found in Physics learning, this can display the virtual world as if it were
real so that students can understand the concepts well. Furthermore, the results of networking visualization in
cluster 3 discuss additional scientific studies, artificial intelligence (AI), case studies, computers, digital media, e-
learning, mobile augmented reality, papers, perspectives, potential, textbooks, trends, and Indonesia. Cluster 3
discusses scientific studies regarding the medium for using AR, which can be through computers, textbooks that are
integrated with AR, the application of e-learning with AR, the application of AR together with AI and trends in the
use of AR in Indonesia. The use of AR with e-learning and AI is stated to be able to increase students' technological
literacy and improve student learning outcomes (Arroyan, 2022; Maulana, 2019).

Cluster 4 discusses scientific studies about digital technology, future, internet and social media. Cluster 4 discusses
the future of using digital technology using the internet which can be expressed in the form of AR technology. AR

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technology is useful in education and in industrial development (Sugiana, 2019). The application of Ar is not limited
to education but can be used in a wide range in industry, commerce and many more. Cluster 5 discusses scientific
studies about challenges, effects and opportunities. Cluster 5 discusses the opportunities and challenges of using AR
in learning. The use of AR in learning expresses the latest integration of increasingly sophisticated technology and
has many challenges in its application. Challenges in implementing AR include low student digital literacy, low
technological infrastructure and many more. However, with these limitations and challenges, the opportunity to use
AR in learning can improve student learning outcomes.

Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive picture of how AR research in learning has developed,
who has contributed significantly to the field, and where this research is heading. With a better understanding of this
research landscape, it is hoped that effective strategies can be found to better integrate AR in education and
overcome existing barriers. Bibliometric analysis was carried out using an application called vosviewers. This
application can review the relationship between one node and another based on keywords, articles, authors,
institutions and countries. The size of the node depicted shows the number of articles, if the node is larger then the
number of articles will also increase. The node link of each node expresses the connection and co-occurrence in the
research article. Each color lists how many clusters were formed in research in recent years.

Overlay visualization
The VOSviewer application can state the latest scientific studies related to the use of AR in learning starting from
2014 to 2024. The latest discussion of scientific studies regarding the use of AR in learning is important to see the
state of the art from further research. The results of the analysis of the latest scientific studies can be carried out
through the VOSviewer application which is shown in Figure 2 as follows.

Figure 2:- Overlay visualization.

The results of the overlay visualization from the vosviewer application display an overlay of articles obtained from
2014-2024. The blue, green and yellow colors in the image indicate the range of years discussing the topic about
AR. Based on this explanation, it can be stated that the results of scientific studies for the last 10 years regarding the
use of AR are in the green to yellow range. Scientific studies on the use of AR in learning are something new
because they are starting to be widely discussed from 2022 to 2024. The number of nodes indicates that there have
been many studies discussing this topic. The smaller the node indicates that there is still little research examining a

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particular topic. Scientific studies are yellow and have a small node, namely about digital teaching materials. The
use of AR in digital teaching materials is still little used. This can be a research idea so that it can become a new and
useful research result for research related to the use of AR in learning.

Density Visualization
The results of further research regarding density visualization explain the density level of AR use in learning. The
increasingly dense research on a particular topic means that there are many researchers discussing the same topic.
The density level obtained from VOSviewer can be expressed in Figure 3 as follows.

Figure 3:- Density visualization.

Based on Figure 3, it can be stated the density level of using AR in learning. The thicker yellow color of the image
indicates the number of research articles that have discussed the same study. The greener to blue indicates that there
are still few researchers discussing the study of that topic. Based on Figure 3 of the Reality Technology study, many
researchers have studied the same topic. Studies that are still relatively new are colored bluish green, namely new
technology, Augmented reality trends, and digital teaching materials. The use of AR in digital teaching materials can
be an integration of new technology and become the next AR trend. In terms of research topics, most studies focus
on the effectiveness of AR in improving understanding of abstract concepts in the fields of science and engineering
(Hermawan, 2024). In addition, many studies have also explored the potential of AR to increase student engagement
and motivation in the learning process (Ardani, 2023; Fauziyah, 2024). Despite this, there are still several challenges
that need to be overcome, such as the high costs of developing AR content and the need for special training for
teachers to integrate this technology into the classroom.

Although bibliometric literature review methods offer many benefits in analyzing the use of augmented reality (AR)
in learning, there are several limitations that need to be noted. First, bibliometric analyzes rely heavily on data

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available in academic databases, meaning research that is unpublished or outside major databases may be missed.
Second, this method emphasizes quantity over quality, so highly cited articles do not always reflect the most
relevant or high-quality research. Additionally, bibliometrics tends to be unable to capture the deeper nuances and
context of each individual study, as its primary focus is on citation patterns and relationships between articles.
Another limitation is the possibility of bias in keyword selection and topic grouping, which could influence the
analysis results. Finally, technological and research developments in the field of AR are very dynamic, so
bibliometric results may quickly become outdated and not reflect the latest innovations. Therefore, it is important to
complement bibliometric analysis with other methods, such as systematic reviews and qualitative studies, to obtain a
more comprehensive and accurate picture.

Conclusion:-
Bibliometric analysis of the use of AR in learning can conclude several things from the results and discussion above.
Research on AR studies can be divided into 5 clusters which have a close relationship in improving education in the
21st century. The use of AR in learning has begun to emerge from 2022 until now. The small amount of research on
digital teaching materials related to AR is obtained from visualization overlays from VOSviewer. In this way,
Vosviewer is able to state the latest developments and trends in research related to studies on the use of AR in
learning. With a little discussion of research on digital teaching materials with AR, it could become a future research
trend.

Funding
The author would like to thank the Directorate of Research, Technology and Community Service, Directorate
General of Higher Education, Research and Technology for providing the Master's Thesis Research Grant. The
author also would like to thank the Head of the Research and Community Service Agency, Padang State University
who has facilitated this research activity.

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