Vallejo, Daishi Odreane Junchel M.

June 30, 2024

BSIE 1-3 Score:

Problem Set: Momentum and Impulse

1. A cannon is rigidly attached to a carriage, which can move along horizontal rails but is
connected to a post by a large spring, initially relaxed and with force constant k = 2.00×104
N/m, as shown below. The cannon fires a 200-kg shell at a velocity of 125 m/s directed 45◦
above the horizontal. Ignoring the mass of the spring, the mass of the cannon-carriage system
is 5,000 kg.
(a) Find the recoil speed of the cannon.
(b) Determine the maximum extension of the spring.
(c) Find the maximum force the spring exerts.
Solution:

Illustration:

Given:
𝑵
𝑘 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝒎
𝒎
𝑣 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 == 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝒔
𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈

𝜃 = 𝟒𝟓°
Find:
a. 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 =?

b. ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 =?

c. 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 =?

Solve:
a.
𝑣 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 125 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 𝑦,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑚
𝑣𝑥,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = (125 ) cos(45°) = 88.4 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠
𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑣 𝑥,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛
𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑣 𝑥,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛
𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 =
𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝑚
(200𝑘𝑔)(88.4 )
𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 𝑠
5000𝑘𝑔
𝒎
𝒗𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍,𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒐𝒏 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒
𝒔
b.
1 1
𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 2 = 𝑘𝑥 2
2 2

𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 2

𝑥2 =
𝑘
𝑚
(5000𝑘𝑔)(3.54 𝑠 )2
𝑥2 =
𝑁
2 × 104 𝑚

𝑥 2 = 3.1329 𝑚
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟕 𝒎
c.

𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
𝑁
𝐹 = (2 × 104 )(1.77𝑚)
𝑚
𝑭𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑵
2. In an NFL match, a 110-kg linebacker tackles an 80-kg wide-receiver. Just before the collision,
the linebacker is lunging with a velocity of 8.0 m/s east towards the wide-receiver which is
running with a velocity of 7.2 m/s north. What is the velocity (magnitude and direction) at
which the two players move together after the collision? Ignore friction.
Solution:

Illustration:

Given:
𝑚𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒎
𝑣𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 𝟖. 𝟎 𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕
𝒔
𝑚𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝟖𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒎
𝑣𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝟕. 𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉
𝒔
𝑀 = 𝑚𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 + 𝑚𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝒌𝒈
Find: 𝑣𝑓 =? , 𝜃 =?

Solve:
𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟
𝑚
𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 = (110𝑘𝑔)(8.0 )
𝑠
𝒎
𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒓 = 𝟖𝟖𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒔
 𝑝𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑚
𝑝𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = (80𝑘𝑔)(7.2 )
𝑠
𝒎
𝒑𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆−𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓 = 𝟓𝟕𝟔𝒌𝒈
𝒔

𝑚
𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 880 𝑠 𝒎
𝑣𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 = = = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑
𝑀 190𝑘𝑔 𝒔
𝑚
𝑝𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 576 𝑠 𝒎
𝑣𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = = = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑
𝑀 190𝑘𝑔 𝒔

𝑣𝑓 = √𝑣𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 2 + 𝑣𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 2

𝑚 2 𝑚2
𝑣𝑓 = √(4.63 ) + (3.03)
𝑠 𝑠
𝒎
𝒗𝒇 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟑
𝒔

𝑣𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒−𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
𝑣𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟

𝑚
3.03 𝑠
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑚
4.63 𝑠

𝜽 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟏°

𝒎
𝟓. 𝟓𝟑 , 𝟑𝟑. 𝟏° 𝑵 𝒐𝒇 𝑬
𝒔
3. Blocks A (mass 2.00 kg) and B (mass 6.00 kg) move on a frictionless, horizontal surface.
Initially, block B is at rest and block A is moving toward it at 2.00 m/s. The blocks are
equipped with ideal spring bumpers (during the collisions, it is the springs on the bumper
that exerts forces on each other). The collision is head-on, so all motion before and after the
collision is along a straight line.
(a) Find the maximum energy stored in the spring bumpers during the collision and the
velocity of each block at that time.
(b) Find the velocity of each block after they have moved apart.
Solution:

Illustration:

Given:
𝑚𝐴 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒎
𝑣0,𝐴 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
𝒔
𝑚𝐵 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒎
𝑣0,𝐵 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
𝒔

Find:
a. 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 =? , 𝑣𝐴 =? , 𝑣𝐵 =?
b. 𝑣𝑓,𝐴 =? , 𝑣𝑓,𝐵 =?

Solve:
a.
𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣0,𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣0,𝐵
𝑚 𝑚
𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = (2.00𝑘𝑔)(2.00 ) + (6.00𝑘𝑔)(0.00 )
𝑠 𝑠
𝒎
𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝒔
𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣

𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑
𝑚
4.00 𝑘𝑔 = (2.00𝑘𝑔 + 6.00𝑘𝑔)𝑣
𝑠
𝒎
𝒗 𝑨 = 𝒗𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎
𝒔

1 1
𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣0,𝐴 2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣0,𝐵 2
2 2
1 𝑚 2 1 𝑚
𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = (2.00𝑘𝑔) (2.00 ) + (6.00𝑘𝑔)(0 )2
2 𝑠 2 𝑠
𝑲𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝑱

1
𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 = (𝑚 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣 2
2 𝐴
1 𝑚
𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 = (2.00𝑘𝑔 + 6.00𝑘𝑔)(0.50 )2
2 𝑠
𝑲𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝑱

𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 − 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑

𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4.00𝐽 − 1.00𝐽

𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝑱
b.

𝑝𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝑓,𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝑓,𝐵

𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝐾𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 4.00𝐽

(𝑚𝐴 − 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣0,𝐴 + 2𝑚𝐵 𝑣0,𝐵

𝑣𝑓,𝐴 =
𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵
𝑚 𝑚
(2.00𝑘𝑔 − 6.00𝑘𝑔)(2.00
𝑣𝑓,𝐴 = 𝑠 ) + 2(6.00𝑘𝑔)(0 𝑠 )
2.00𝑘𝑔 + 6.00𝑘𝑔
𝒎
𝒗𝒇,𝑨 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
𝒔

(𝑚𝐵 − 𝑚𝐴 )𝑣0,𝐵 + 2𝑚𝐴 𝑣0,𝐴

𝑣𝑓,𝐵 =
𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵
𝑚 𝑚
(6.00𝑘𝑔 − 2.00𝑘𝑔)(0.00
𝑣𝑓,𝐵 = 𝑠 ) + 2(2.00𝑘𝑔)(2.00 𝑠 )
2.00𝑘𝑔 + 6.00𝑘𝑔
𝒎
𝒗𝒇,𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝒔