6.

RESULT

Basic laboratory safety rules:

1. No running, jumping, or horseplay is permitted in laboratories. 2. Reagents, equipment, and samples should not be stored in chemical fume hoods or biological safety cabinets because such storage can interfere with the effectiveness of the hood as a safety device. 3. All biohazards, hazardous, and radioactive materials must be properly labeled and stored. Use flammable and acid storage cabinets and explosion-proof refrigerators when required. 4. Stairways, hallways, exits, and access to emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers, safety showers, and eyewash fountains must be kept clear. 5. No eating, drinking, applying cosmetics, or smoking is allowed in the laboratory. 6. Always thoroughly wash your hands before eating or smoking, on completion of work, and after manipulating radioisotopes. 7. Do not store food or drinks in refrigerators, freezers, or containers designated for chemical, biohazards, or radioactive storage. 8. Compressed gases cylinders must be secured at all times, including during transport and when empty. Cylinder caps must be in place when the cylinder is not in use. 9. Do not work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted are deemed hazardous by the instructor or laboratory supervisor. Assure that at least two people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity. 10. Laboratory coats and other protective clothing worn in the laboratory area are not to be worn outside the laboratory. 11. Sandals, open-toed, or open-heeled shoes should not be worn in the laboratory. 12. Do not pipette by mouth. 13.Radioactive material usage areas and animal facilities must have controlled access that is strictly enforced. Laboratory areas should not be left unattended unless the area has been secured.

6.1

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

OSHA's imposes several new and important requirements relating to basic safety and health programs. The standard adds new general requirements for the selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Included in these requirements are the following: 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 Employers must conduct a hazard assessment to determine if hazards present necessitate the use of PPE. Employers must certify in writing that the hazard assessment was conducted. PPE selection must be made on the basis of hazard assessment and affected workers properly trained. Defective or damaged PPE must not be used. Training requirements for employees using PPE must be established. This should include requirements for employees to demonstrate an understanding of the training. Employer must certify in writing that training programs were provided and understood.

A variety of laboratory personal protective equipment is commercially available and commonly used in laboratories. However, for the equipment to perform the desired function, it must be used and managed properly. Laboratory supervisors or departmental chemical hygiene officers shall determine a need for such equipment, monitor its effectiveness, train the employees, and monitor and enforce the proper use of such equipment.

6.2

EYE PROTECTION

6.2.1

The type of eye protection required depends on the hazard. For most situations, safety glasses with side shields are adequate. Where there is a danger of splashing chemicals, goggles are required. More hazardous operations include conducting reactions that have potential for explosion and using or mixing strong caustics or acids. In these situations, a face shield or a combination of face shield and safety goggles or glasses should be used.

6.2.2

Plastic safety glasses should be issued to employees who do not require corrective lenses. 6.2.3 For persons requiring corrective lenses, safety glasses ground to their prescription are available in a safety frame. Contact Environmental Health Services for additional information about availability. Please note that the wearing of safety glasses does not excuse the employee from the requirement of wearing safety goggles. 6.2.4 It is recommended that contact lenses not be permitted in the laboratory. The reasons for this prohibition are: 6.2.5 If a corrosive liquid should splash in the eye, the natural reflex to clamp the eyelids shut makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to remove the contact lens before damage is done. 6.2.6 The plastic used in contact lenses is permeable to some of the vapors found in the laboratory. These vapors can be trapped behind the lenses and can cause extensive irritation. 6.2.7 The lenses can prevent tears from removing the irritant. If Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer chooses to allow contact lenses to be worn, they shall be protected by goggles designed specifically for use with contact lenses. (The protective goggles for use with contact lenses fit loosely around the eyes and have no vents for access by vapors.) If chemical vapors contact the eyes while wearing contact lenses, these steps should be followed: 6.2.8 Immediately remove the lenses. 6.2.9 Continuously flush the eyes, for at least 15 to 30 minutes. 6.2.10 Seek medical attention. 6.2.11 Although safety glasses are adequate protection for the majority of laboratory operations, they are not sufficient for certain specific operations where there is danger from splashes of corrosive liquids or flying particles. Examples are: washing glassware in chromic acid solution, grinding materials, or laboratory operations using glassware where there is significant hazard of explosion or breakage (i.e., in reduced or excess pressure or temperature). In such cases, goggles or face shields shall be worn if there is need for protection of the entire face and throat. 6.2.12 If, despite all precautions, an employee should experience a splash of corrosive liquid in the eye, the employee is to proceed (with the assistance of a co-worker, if possible) to the nearest eyewash fountain and flush the eyes with water for at least 15 to 30 minutes. Flush from the eye outward. During this time, a co-worker should notify the proper authorities. 6.2.12.1 Emergency eyewash stations and showers should be maintained in accordance with ANSI standard, Z-358.1-1998

6.2.13 Visitors shall follow the same eye protection policy as employees. If they do not

provide their own eye protection, it is the laboratory's responsibility to provide adequate protection. It should be the responsibility of the employee conducting the tour to enforce this policy. After use safety glasses/goggles used by visitors should be cleaned prior to reuse.

6.3

CLOTHING

The following guidelines for laboratory clothing are offered strictly from a safety standpoint. 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 6.3.9 Due to the potential for ignition, absorption, and entanglement in machinery, loose or torn clothing should be avoided unless wearing a lab coat. Dangling jewelry and excessively long hair pose the same type of safety hazard. Finger rings or other tight jewelry which is not easily removed should be avoided because of the danger of corrosive or irritating liquids getting underneath the piece and producing irritation. Lab coats should be provided for protection and convenience. They should be worn at all times in the lab areas. Due to the possible absorption and accumulation of chemicals in the material, lab coats should not be worn in the lunchroom or elsewhere outside the laboratory. Where infectious materials are present, closed (snapped) lab coats and gloves are essential. Shoes shall be worn at all times in the laboratories. Sandals, open-toed shoes, and shoes with woven uppers, shall not be worn because of the danger of spillage of corrosive or irritating chemicals. Safety jacket should be wear especially when handling outside experiment. Care should be exercised in protective clothing selection; some protective clothing has very limited resistance to selected chemicals or fire.

6.4

GLOVES

For concentrated acids and alkalis, and organic solvents, natural rubber, neoprene or nitrile gloves are recommended. For handling hot objects, gloves made of heat-resistant materials (leather or Nomex) should be available and kept near the vicinity of ovens or muffle furnaces. A hot object should never be picked up with rubber or plastic gloves. Special insulated gloves should be worn when handling very cold objects such as liquid N2 or CO2. Do not use asbestos with glove. 6.4.1 Inspection

Before each use, gloves should be inspected for discoloration, punctures, and tears. Rubber and plastic gloves may be checked by inflating with air and submersing them in water to check for air bubbles. 6.4.2 Usage

Gloves should always be rinsed with a compatible solvent, soap and water prior to handling wash bottles or other laboratory fixtures. 6.4.3 Cleaning

Before removal, gloves should be thoroughly washed, either with tap water or soap and water. 6.4.4 Removal

Employees shall remove gloves before leaving the immediate work site to prevent contamination of door knobs, light switches, telephones, etc. When gloves are removed, pull the cuff over the hand.

6.5

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

There are four different types of fires: 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 Type A - ordinary combustibles such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics Type B - flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, grease, tar, oil-based paint, lacquer, and flammable gas Type C - energized electrical equipment, including wiring, fuse boxes, circuit breakers, machinery and appliances Type D - combustible metals such as magnesium and potassium

Most of the fire extinguishers on our campus are ABC, which can be used on any of the above types of fires except Type D. Be sure to not use a water fire extinguisher on a Type C (electrical) fire. Remember this when use the fire extinguisher: PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) Pull the pin Aim the discharge toward the base of the flames Squeeze the handle

Sweep from side to side Do not aim the fire extinguisher directly onto the source, as it may spread the flames.

6.6

FIRST AID KIT

A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid. First aid kits may be made up of different contents depending on who has assembled the kit and for what purpose. There are many instrument and equipment that should have in the first aid box, which is: 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.5 Trauma shears, for cutting clothing and general use Scissors are less useful but often included instead Tweezers Lighter, for sterilizing tweezers or pliers etc. Alcohol pads for sterilizing equipment, or unbroken skin. This is sometimes used to debride wounds, however some training authorities advise against this as it may kill cells which bacteria can then feed on 6.6.6 Irrigation syringe - with catheter tip for cleaning wounds with sterile water, saline solution, or a weak iodine solution. The stream of liquid flushes out particles of dirt and debris. 6.6.7 Torch (also known as a flashlight) 6.6.8 Instant-acting chemical cold packs 6.6.9 Alcohol rub (hand sanitizer) or antiseptic hand wipes 6.6.10 Thermometer 6.6.11 Space blanket (lightweight plastic foil blanket, also known as "emergency blanket") 6.6.12 Penlight

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aid_kit http://www.ehs.okstate.edu/modules/ppe/Gloves.htm