Primary Care: Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing - An Interprofessional Approach 5th Edition Lynne M. Hektor Dunphy
Primary Care: Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing - An Interprofessional Approach 5th Edition Lynne M. Hektor Dunphy
Primary Care: Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing - An Interprofessional Approach 5th Edition Lynne M. Hektor Dunphy
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FIFTH EDITION
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The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing
-An lnterprofessional Approach
BUILDING Class
CONFIDENCE & • Exams
KNOWLEDGE for • Board Certification
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study anytime, anywhere.
•••
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••••••
•••
Nursing A ssessment Nursing Therapies Nursing Perspectives
- pacitated her, and then she got pneumonia, which v,,,eakened her.
Then she got '"shingles'" (herpes zoster), which did her in. She
I've learned three things from this experience. First, if older
persons are optimally functioning, don't move them out of their
stories that illustrate how a
disorder can affect patients
was diagnosed at the earliest onset of pain, yet treatment wasn't familiar supportive environment. Second, treat all cases of
started until the vesicles erupted. She had ophthalmic herpes, so herpes aggressively, as you don't know who is going to develop and their families.
her vision was affected. She developed PHN very early, and due PHN. As ITT/ mom used to say, '"An ounce of prevention is worth
to the persistent pain, she became reclusive. She stopped going a pound of cure.'" This leads to the third, probably most important
out, retreating to her room, and eventually wouldn't get out of lesson: get every older adult vaccinatedl
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Urinary traa infection (UTI)
Septicemia
Release of vasotoxins
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carbon monoxide
po;son;ng
Delirium
Dernenna (Alzheimer's disease)
Psycho... {
Diagnostic Reasoning Algorithms
help you narrow down the possible
differentials to arrive at a diagnosis.
--
a,ngestiveheart
tailufe(CHF],
--
corona,y ane,y
--
<isease(CAOJ,
arrhythrmas),
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noa<m•o• Flow,hart,} Altematrve Daily
Medications A•ernative Daily Medications
Low-dose ICS plJs e~her
Medications
Medium-dose
Consider omalizumab for
patients who have
walk you step-by-step LTRA, cromo)yn,
LTRA, theophyll ne, allergies
nedocromil, or ICS plus either LTRA ,
through standard theophylline or zileuton theophyl ne, or zileu1on
treatment protocols.
APPLYING
Topics include...
Practice in a Ears, Eyes, Nose & Throat Problems
STEP#2 safe environment. Cardiovascular Problems
Neurological Problems
Respiratory Problems
Endocrine and Metabolic Problems
Ch apte r 10 Neurological Problems
Online Case Studies a se study
Skin Problems
hone your clinical A 35-vear-old woman presents t o the \\'illk-ifl d inic with a n l!f'{themic rash along he r left lat eral rib a rea, Health Promotion
somewhn under her bru st, which she de:Saibes i s "very p;i,infuL" You note it has a fewvesides
decision-making de'Rlopin:g. The woman has a &-mont h-old infant w ho is breastfeeding and t tll'e eother chiklren aver 3 Care of Older Adults
y,e<1n of a,ge, all o f whom t he porents ha ve c:hosM not toViKat\ilt e against common childhood illnesses.
skil Is wit h r ea I- The wom•n desaibes recent m ess re~ted to pro.-id[ng 24--hollf ca.re in her home to her mot her, who is
seriously ill. The womiln is seekin g treatment fo r the painful r.ish. Palliative/Chronic Pain
world scenarios that caseQue-stiom Sports Assessment
challenge you to L Which co nditions should be considered ,n possible dia,no:i.es?
Human Trafficking
diagnose and treat 2. What additional nfoonation shadd be gathered to make the diagnosis?
Genetic and Genomic Assessments
patients successfully. 3. Which condition is the woman l ikely experiencing?
STEP#3
Study smarter, not harder.
Davis Edge is the interactive, online Q&A review platform that provides the practice
you need to master Primary Care content and to improve your scores on classroom
exams. Access it from a laptop, tablet, or mobile device for review and study on the go.
QU I/
Assignment 1
"' Nifedipine
Phentolamine
Q'1Htlon "· A 21-year-old man who has iniested "herbal ecstasy" containint ephedrine is aertated and tremulous, Blood pressure
2:10/128 mm Hg; pulse 152/mln; and rup1rations 24/mln. Sinus tachycardia IS l'H)t@d on cardiac monltorlng. lntrtv@l'IOUS
adm1nt.J;tration l'.lf whleh of the foUowll'lg Is thl!! ~hi~d Initial th@rapy to reduce the blood pru~ure?
1. Acetazo!amide
Opdof, z, Meno5ine Is .10mlnlst("fe<f to p,;)t1t'tlts who h.lYf:" p..rOl(ysm..11 SUpt,l'llt'ntliCIJI.Jr t.1chyQ,rd1,1, How'e'ller, thi s ,1gent ~"-1 not be giVen to
patients who h;,...e asthma or chronic: obstructive lur18 disease because adenD!.ine can precipitate acute bronchospasm
op&o, , , Nifedipine is a d ihydropyrione c.1kium ch.lnnet blocker. It has no anti-arrhythmic effect. tt is a potent vasodilalor Iha! e4ici~ a stroog
reflr:-x bet.I adre-ne1gk r ~ resvltlng ~ t.1chy,::.1rdl,1 Thts hm,ts its effic,1cy ln tte.ittnffit of ~ng1N peetom vnie-.s.s the ~tiffit Is ;ilso
taking a bet.i adrenergic b locker. Lon11-acting nifedipine is commonly used lo Ueat the patient who h.ls isolated sr.,IDIK hypertem ioo.
Op&o, t · Eph,2-dr h'le ,l(ld coc,1,ne c,11.m! stir'l'lul.ltion of the Syr'l'lp;itht-ti( ~ s SY!-tem In~ br,11n and l)t'ripnttally P.atients h..M" ~pe-rt.en<,ion,
tad"lycardia, agitation, p5YChosis, and seizurn. lntravenoos administratiori ol phentolamine (an alp ha-adrenergic blockl!r) l!i indicated lo
lowe-rb4oo(lprM.SUre
My Assignments D
Pn,ctk• Quiz lffpon Sucu :n ~ I
snapshot of your progress to identify ''"u· ·ePt ··ao--~•. :O_...:..,,.. tj 1: Beginner 71%
, ~ u .....,•.
Skin Problems Respiratory Problems
Strengths and Weaknesses will appe;i,r for ;:i specific course topic or concept once you have .answered a minimum of 10
que-stio11s in tha t area. Selec:t to v iew by Course Topic or Concept from the drop do\vn box above. Chom.e 'Create quiz on weak
areas' above to begin creating a new quit based on all weak areas.
The Fe edback Repo rt
Courx Topic • Strcngth/ Wc...=s ♦
Numbet'of
Quc~tions Crute Quiz
drills down to show your
performance in individual
Crgatg content areas. It's easy
Neurological Problems • r-tc«l:1- MOfC' PrDCticc Practice
Begiroricr CIJz to create new practice
quizzes that focus on your
Create areas of weakness or to
Cardiavasculal' Problems e t..H<k l,,lo re Practice Practic9
Cuiz
select the topics or areas
of practice where you want
Cn-ate
Gender-Related
Health Problems
Str01r.h:;arn:l Wcaknc1~~v.1ll ,:ippc4r for ., :p~1fic touri.c topic o r Practice to focus your studies.
canceptonceyou h :we a~red a m in ifT1'1m of 10 quettiorF. in that area S..,;ilVl« Cllz
This review book is outstanding! "I love that it has a review section
AFTER the questions, which for me helps to solidify what I got wrong
and the rationale as to why." - Amazon Reviewe r
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Comprehensive Resource for clinical pract ice ! ''A must have for any FNP
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F.A. DAVIS
Philadelphia
F. A. Davis Company
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Philadelphia, PA 19103
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Copyright © 2019 by F. A. Davis Company
Copyright © 2019 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the
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Printed in the United States of America
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As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Dunphy, Lynne M. Hektor, editor. | Winland-Brown, Jill E., 1948- editor. | Porter, Brian Oscar, editor. | Thomas, Debera J., editor.
Title: Primary care : the art and science of advanced practice nursing / [edited by] Lynne M. Dunphy, Jill E. Winland-Brown, Brian Oscar Porter, Debera J.
Thomas.
Other titles: Primary care (Dunphy)
Description: Fifth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : F.A. Davis Company, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018039369 (print) | LCCN 2018039940 (ebook) | ISBN 9780803695290 | ISBN 9780803667181 (hard cover)
Subjects: | MESH: Advanced Practice Nursing | Primary Care Nursing
Classification: LCC RT82.8 (ebook) | LCC RT82.8 (print) | NLM WY 128 | DDC 610.73—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039369
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for
users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to
CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of
payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 978-0-8036-6718-1/19 0 + $.25.
The contents of this textbook and the independent contributions of Dr. Porter do not represent official views of Novartis, the VA, the FDA, the NIH, or
any other U.S. federal government agency.
To Our Families:
To my husband, Jim, for his patience, support, and affection, which have been
ENDLESS …
To my parents, Joan and Arthur, for their immense love, and to my brother, Jim, for his good humor, steadfastness, and vacation
planning!
Lynne M. Dunphy
As with all my professional endeavors, this work is ultimately for my family—my beautiful and endlessly supportive wife, Carolyn;
our.pngted and talented sons, Mitchel and MJ; our creative and loving daughter, Cheyanne; and our brilliant yet goofy youngest
son, Brennan. I also dedicate this work to my mother and professional inspiration, Dr. Luz Sobong Porter, and my dear aunt, Dr.
Loreto Calibo Sobong, both pioneers in their fields, as well as the physician role models in my family—Uncle Boy, Auntie Espie,
Uncle En, and Auntie Esther.
Brian Oscar Porter
To my husband, Bob Coan, who is learning to be a rancher on our new property outside of Reno and who keeps me grounded.
To my parents, who inspired me to believe that I could do anything.
To my dog, Miller, who makes sure I get my exercise, and my cat, Neffer Kitty, for never failing to wake me up at 4:00 a.m. for
breakfast and start the day early!
Debera J. Thomas
Preface
We are very excited and proud to present this fifth edition of our primary care textbook, Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced
Practice Nursing. Maintaining the commitment to a holistic, caring-based approach to primary care practice, our Circle of Caring model keeps
the patient and family—and in some cases, the community—at the center of care, surrounded by a team of care providers.
Unit I, Caring-Based Nursing: The Art,contains five chapters that continue to provide a caring-based interprofessional approach to primary
care, conceptualized by a Circle of Caring, presented in Chapter 1, which is further operationalized in the remainder of the text. Chapter 2 in Unit
I lays out an ontological base for caring-in-practice and extends this across disciplines, Chapter 3 grounds caring-based primary care in the context
of community and health promotion, and Chapter 4 reviews the basis for a caring-based, interprofessional approach to diagnosis and treatment
that includes precision medicine. Chapter 5 discusses evidence-based practice, critical to providing value-based care.
Unit II, Caring-Based Nursing: The Science, uses the traditional system-based approach to provide the essential information necessary to
provide safe and effective primary care to patients. Each body system section has chapters that begin with “Common Complaints,” a symptom-
based approach to clinical phenomena that lays out the associated differential diagnoses of each complaint with which a patient may present, as
well as emphasizing the correct questions that a new practitioner needs to ask.
Following “Common Complaints,” each section then provides chapters on the most frequently encountered of these differential diagnoses under
“Common Problems.” Each problem is defined, and the associated epidemiology and causes are outlined, as well as the pathophysiological
processes. Dr. Brian Porter has again provided a thoughtful and in-depth update on the pathophysiology of the disorders developed within these
chapters, as well as a thorough review of diagnostic processes and management plans. The addition of more of our medical and physician assistant
colleagues as content experts and authors has provided a true team-based approach, new insights, and depth to the information provided.
Within each disorders-based chapter, the subjective and objective manifestations of each problem are elaborated, as well as the associated
diagnostic testing that might typically be used in a comprehensive work-up. A review of potential differential diagnoses for the disorder is provided,
including the underlying reasoning and critical thinking involved in reaching a specific diagnosis. This helps shape team-based treatment decisions,
made in concert with patient and family preferences. Consistent with our caring model, a holistic database is established and built on the patient’s
voice and experience. Management strategies, including pharmacological therapy and surgical interventions, when indicated, are described, as well
as complementary therapies and behavioral health interventions to provide a holistic plan of care. Follow-up and referral practices are included,
along with patient education—the all-important teaching–learning component of caring-based primary care practice.
Unit III, Caring-Based Nursing: The Practice,includes content on palliative care and the management of chronic pain, ethical and legal issues
affecting advanced practice nursing, and a substantive chapter on the business of practice. We include an update of a practical approach to
psychotherapy for primary care, known as the “15-minute hour.” This is especially important in an age of rising behavioral health issues and the
need for integrated mind–body approaches. Finally, we include an important message for all advanced practice nurses: a chapter on caring for self.
Conclusion
As long-time nurse practitioner faculty and practicing clinicians, we remain committed to providing an in-depth book with a comprehensive and
holistic approach that can be used across the nurse practitioner curriculum, as well as in a variety of other primary care curricula—and that includes
participation by practitioners from other disciplines, such as medicine, pharmacy, and social work. This text provides a high-level
pathophysiological foundation, evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies, and a holistic plan of care that is consistent with this
advanced level of practice. Although we realize that health professional students will always need supplementary information to provide the
currency and occasionally depth of information required for clinical practice, the reader will be able to find a large amount of information in this
comprehensive and complete text, complemented by an ever-expanding collection of ancillaries.
It is a most exciting time for primary care and advanced practice nursing. The professional nursing doctorate—the Doctor of Nursing Practice or
DNP—is providing primary care practitioners of nursing with a well-grounded base of pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and follow-up,
situated in a caring-based model. With the advent of readily accessible health information—both accurate and inaccurate—within arm’s reach of a
smart phone, an app, or a personal computer, consumers are more informed and empowered than ever. In turn, now it is time for primary care
practitioners to provide consumers with healthcare driven by an equally powerful framework—primary care practice within a Circle of Caring.
Caring-based relationships—and the team-based, patient-centered care encapsulated in this model—are the necessary foundation to create
healing environments so essential for effective primary care practice today.
Acknowledgments
There are numerous people to thank for helping this book become a reality: Susan Rhyner, Publisher—our wonderful, patient, always supportive,
always optimistic editor, whom we have come to know well, and who is, most of all, our friend.
Amanda Minutola, our new Content Project Manager, who has had to workvery hard to keep us all in line—and always managed to do this with
professionalism and humor.
Kathleen Scogna, our Developmental Editor from afar, who was efficient, enthusiastic, and patient. Kathleen worked tirelessly to “pull it all
together” and maintained her composure at all times, even the most trying!
The entire F. A. Davis production team—all of whom were always patient, flexible, and terrific!
All of our students, past and present, who continue to teach us as much, if not more, than we teach them!
We also acknowledge the following chapter authors of the fourth edition of this book, without whom this new edition would not have been
possible:
Susan K. Chase, EdD, APRN, FNP-BC
Lauren Gallagher, MS, APRN, FNP-BC
Bette K. Idemoto, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CCRN
Ruth McCaffrey, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, GNP, FAAN, FAANP
Jacqueline Rhoads, PhD, RN, CCRN, ACNP-CS
Edwin W. Schaefer, ND, APRN, FNP-BC
Terry South, MSN, APRN, NP-C
Michael Zycowicz, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN
And most of all, we acknowledge all our patients over the years, who taught us to “hear” their voices.
About the Authors
Lynne M. Dunphy, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC, FAAN, FAANP Dr. Lynne Dunphy is Research Professor at the Christine E. Lynn College of
Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida. Dr. Dunphy was the Inaugural Routhier Chair for Practice from 2006–2016 at the
College of Nursing at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island. She also served as Associate Dean for External Affairs during
2012–2014. She was a Robert Wood Johnson Executive Nurse Fellow and was the founding nursing lead of the Rhode Island Action Coalition,
dedicated to the implementation of the Institute of Medicine’s recommendations for the Future of Nursing. Dr. Dunphy served for 4 years on the
Board of the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) and as Co-Chair and Lead Co-chair of the American Academy of
Nursing’s Primary Care Expert Panel.
Jill E. Winland-Brown, EdD, APRN, FNP-BCDr. Winland-Brown was born in Boston but raised in Pennsylvania. After high school, she went
to Newport Hospital School of Nursing, Salve Regina College, Newport, Rhode Island, for her BSN; Boston College for her MS; and Florida
Atlantic University for her EdD and post master’s FNP. Her first teaching position was at the University of Rhode Island, after which she moved to
Florida. She taught in the undergraduate and graduate programs at FAU and was Assistant Dean and then moved to the Northern Campus as
Director. Children include his, mine, and ours, although after 37 years, all five are ours. In whatever little free time is left, her loves are the beach
and tennis. Dr. Winland-Brown was also on the ANA Center for Ethics and Human Rights Advisory Board. She currently volunteers 8 hours per
week as a nurse practitioner at a Volunteers in Medicine Clinic and precepts NP students.
Brian Oscar Porter, MD, PhD, MPH, MBADr. Porter is a triple board–certified and licensed immunologist/allergist, internist, and
pediatrician. After completing both his MD and PhD in immunology and microbiology at the University of Miami School of Medicine (Miami,
Florida), as well as his MPH at the Harvard School of Public Health (Boston, Massachusetts), Dr. Porter completed combined residency training
in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center (Richmond, Virginia), followed by fellowship training
in Allergy and Immunology at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland), where he also served as an Adjunct Intramural Investigator in
the Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Principal Investigator on two National Institutes of Health–based clinical and translational research
protocols in primary and acquired immunodeficiency. Dr. Porter then joined the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research (Silver Spring, Maryland) as a Primary Reviewer and Medical Officer, before transitioning into the private pharmaceutical industry
as a clinical drug development physician-scientist focusing on biological immunotherapies and global product development strategy. To
complement this work, most recently Dr. Porter earned an MBA from the Northwestern University–Kellogg School of Management (Miami,
Florida). Dr. Porter has held leadership roles in several biopharmaceutical companies, including Human Genome Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, and
most recently Novartis Pharmaceuticals, where he currently serves as Vice-President and Therapeutic Area Head for Autoimmunity and Skeletal
Diseases* (East Hanover, New Jersey). He also continues to work actively as a clinician in the Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System
as a Medical House Officer* (Lyons, New Jersey). Dr. Porter credits his multidisciplinary approach to human health largely to the influence and
encouragement of his mother, Dr. Luz Sobong Porter, a nurse clinician, educator, and researcher, who always involved him in her work and was
one of his primary research collaborators.
Debera J. Thomas, DNS, RN, FNP/ANPDr. Thomas is Professor and Dean of Nursing at the Orvis School of Nursing at the University of
Nevada, Reno, and a Professor Emeritus at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. Her teaching career began in 1978 at Augustana
Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago, Illinois. She has held numerous faculty and administrative positions at institutions including Kent State
University, Case Western Reserve University, Florida Atlantic University, University of Connecticut, and Northern Arizona University. In her free
time, Debera is a potter. She prefers wheel throwing and functional ceramics and works in high fire clay. On most weekends, you can find her
caring for her 10 acres of gardens, vineyard, and house outside of Reno, NV.
*The contents of this textbook and the independent contributions of Dr. Porter fall outside of his current employment and do not
represent official views of Novartis Pharmaceuticals, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or any other U.S. federal government
agency.
Another random document with
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their Victuals: Yet some of them yield sweet water very fit for
domestick affairs. These Nitrous Fountains are of no use, nor do
they effect ought, save that they drive some Mills, and run through
the Village a particular way afore they fall into the Mhene.
And forasmuch as the aforesaid Earls have known that the chief
part (or most part) of the said Fountains are wholesome by reason
of the plenty of Salt-petre in them; they have therefore taken care to
have a great House built, that so the place may be rendred
commodious for those that by reason of some disease should come
unto this place for the sake of washing their sick bodies; and there
are abundance known to come, that are ill, in the Summer time,
from places far remote; several of them too by a due using this Bath
are restored to their former health.
They know not any other use of these nitrous Fountains than what
is aforesaid; whereas if they did but know how to add some Virtues
to the said waters by the benefit of the Juice of the wood, of which
there is great store in that place, they would find by the use of them
then, many wonderful effects in the curing of Diseases.
Being therefore earnestly intent upon the search hereof, viz. from
whence these nitrous Waters should chiefly proceed, I found that
the Mountain nigh that place, extending it self for some miles, was
every where full of Salt-petre, and that it stuck in the Rocks
themselves, out of which whatsoever is on the Mountain grew. I did
therefore diligently search out, what condition those Stones were of,
which the workmen dig’d out in these places, and I knew that there
was a great quantity of Salt petre contained in them, insomuch, that
as many Mountains as here (abouts) seem to be replenished with
the same: Nay more, if you shall break one or two of those Stones
with which the Houses of the Village of Cossel are built, you shall
find every where in them abundance of Salt-petre. I went to visit the
place it self where those Stones are digged out, but found not any
Salt-petre among the digging, because the Air had not as yet
displaied its Virtues thereupon: But I observed that in those stones
exposed a while to the Air, there was plenty of Salt-petre. He that
would see it with his own Eyes, let him go into any House of the
Cossel Village, whose Walls are of ancient standing, and he shall find
that there is abundance of Salt-petre in those stones, and withal,
that the Pillars belonging to the Bath-house do yearly wax less, for
as much as scalings of the thickness of the back of a Knife do still
fall off, by the power of the separated Salt-petre, as I have often
very accurately and curiously observed. If the Earls or Counts did
but know the true use of this excellent and o cult Treasure, they
would get far greater riches out of that bare Mountain only than by
all the County. I doubt not but that seeing I have in this place
detected this Treasure, there will some be found that will labour for
their own profits sake to find it out.
Not far off from the said Mountain the whole Earth abounds with
Iron, not in the form of Veins but of Reins, insomuch that the Metal
of Iron offers it self in various particles or pieces of diverse
magnitudes; for in some places it is found as big as an Hazle-nut, or
an Acorn; in other places as big as an Egg, or ones Fist, yea and as
big sometimes as ones Head, which by the force of the Fire is made
facile and yields abundance of Iron; nor did I ever yet meet with any
Metal of that sort more excellent than that is, but no body knows it,
though it may be commodiously prepared or fitted for the use of
Man, because there is in this place plenty enough of Wood and
Water to be had [for such a purpose.]
This Mountain stretcheth out it self some miles, reaching as far as
Iphovia, and the jurisdiction of the City of Wurtzburg; so that the
chiefest and greatest part thereof is seated in the Bishoprick of
Wurtzburg: And therefore might immense and vast Treasures be
gotten, were there but such as were lovers of Art and would make
themselves skill’d in the Operation.
Besides, this Mountain yields abundance of white and red
Gypsum, which may be reduced to an exceeding whiteness by the
force of the Fire.
Besides this too, we have known Marble and Alabaster digg’d out
hence, and yet it has not been very durable, for it becomes nitrous
after it hath lain exposed a while to the Air, and falls to powder, and
yields plenty of Salt-petre, were it but rightly managed, for there’s
no want of Wood here.
There is yet moreover found in the said Mountain another Castle
which is called Swansburg, and belongs to the Bishoprick of
Wurtzburg, where the Soldiers did heretofore use the Metallick Rods,
to search after, and to see if they could find (by the using them)
some Treasures; and they tried whether or no (the Castle being
burnt by the occasion of the War) any such Treasures lay any where
hidden. What they found I do not yet know: But this I know, that
the said Rods did shew good Metal to be every where (thereabouts)
The which thing gave occasion of explaining or unfolding the said
matter in its proper places. Besides this, they digged up nothing else
but such nitrous stones for some fathoms depth. I once viewed this
place, and found that the stones extracted some years afore out of
this Mountain were altogether brittle, and is a manifest token that
the whole Mountain is fill’d with Salt-petre.
There is besides this Mountain, another nitrous one that I know of,
of the like condition in the mid-way ’twixt Kitzing and Wernfeld (and
is about a miles distance from Carlstadt) but that which is here had,
differs from the former in this, viz. that the stones which it exhibits
are of a red colour, nor are they so much impregnated with Salt-
petre, as those of Kitzing aforesaid, for they are richer in Petre, and
are of a more ashy colour.
There are likewise such kind of stones also that they cut or dig
forth at the Mhene near the City Rotenfeldt, but they have not in
them so much Salt-petre as those have that are found in the Cossel
and Swansburg Mountain.
There’s abundance of such stones in several places in France, but
my purpose is not to mention them all, for I was minded to mention
such only as my self have seen, and that are near bordering upon
the Mhene.
They that have a mind to deal with them may make their search,
and they will find in all Countrys of the Earth fit stones for their
purpose, the which we may hereby know, if being kept a while in the
Air, they wax soft, and scale off in most thin leaves, and there sticks
to your Fingers in rubbing them off, a reddish Meal.
Besides this too, you may have a most certain sign of such Petry
places by those Spiders that have a small body and round, and long
feet, for they stick to those stones in abundant measure: For such
Spiders do not feed upon hearbs, grass, flies or other insects, but on
old Walls, and they seat themselves chiefest of all on those aforesaid
stones. They are not all venemous as the common house Spiders
are, and therefore the Children do gather them, and are much
delighted with them. Now they sticking on to the softer sandish
stones do most certainly demonstrate that Salt-petre is contained in
them; for tis that which they are nourished with, and conserve their
life by, and this I was willing to signify unto you. But put case that
no such nitrous stones were to be found, yet however there is not
the opportunity denied us of making Salt-petre of the common Lime-
making stones, and of them there is every where plenty enough, if
they are calcined by the benefit of Wood, and made nitrous with the
juice of wood.
What shall I say of the Calcined fæces of Tartar which are yearly
gathered up and thrown away in vast quantities, in all that tract
which lies on the River Mhene, between Bamberg and Franckfort,
whereas notwithstanding some hundreds of hundreds weight of Salt-
petre might be extracted thence-from, did they but mind it. For
whatsoever Tartar is therein contained, is all of it Salt-petre when ’tis
duly boiled with a Lixivium of Lime, and being hence strained, and a
sufficient evaporation made, it be set by to Chrystallize. For it
attracts the soul after a magnetick manner, which Operation if rightly
instituted, there may be prepared thence from a most inflammable
nitre in three days space, the which is likewise of far greater profit
than the getting out the Tartar by the help of a Press, and with a
great deal of labour; or else than the making Potashes, as we see
usually done.
Besides too, there are found other stones that being burnt do yield
abundance of Salt-petre, such as are the Tophi (or soft sandy
stones) which may be abundantly gathered near Triefelstein, which
is a Monastery situate on the Mhene, in other places of Germany
they make even whole Mountains: So that it is evident that there is
no where any want of convenient matter to gather Salt-petre from, if
Men would but set their hands to the work. These stones are
obvious unto all; and who knows what Treasures the Woods (which
we do not at all search into) abound withal? Would time permit me I
could shew that various kinds of Metals are conserved in the
Mountains situate between Kitzing and Franckfort, and especially in
the Speshardensine (Mountain,) the disclosing of which, some other
more commodious place will admit of.
Now follows what we mentioned of the
aforesaid
L A Z A R US ER C K ER.
I
f you are minded to make a Lixivium of such an Earth, dig it as
deep as you shall find by proving it to be either good or
naught, especially if you intend to make it in great quantity,
and keep it in a dry place. Then take care to have some great
wooden Tubs, or Vessels made, so large, that each of them may
hold about some ten Wheel-barrows full of the Earth, and whereby
you may be able to prepare Lixivium enough, answerable to the
work you have proposed to your self to do, and to the bigness of
your Copper. Now there are commonly required for such a work, to
one Copper Pan that weighs two hundred weight, eight Wooden
Vessels which are to be placed in such order, that on each side there
may stand four in a row, opposite to each other. These same Tubs
are to be so far distant from the next Collateral Vessels, as is
requisite for the Wheel-Barrow wherein the Earth is brought to come
between: Yea, and it is necessary that there be half an Ell’s space
betwixt the said Tubs and the Earth, or Ground, it self, whereon they
are placed. Likewise, each of the Vessels, or Tubs, must have a hole
in the fore-part, and towards the bottom thereof, fit to put in a Plug
(or Tap) at: Then finally, there must be put under those Plugs, a long
Vessel like a Channel-pipe, which may receive in it the Lixivium
running out of the Tubs, and may guide it along into a peculiar
Wooden Vessel, as into a common Store-house set in the Earth
hollowed for that purpose, to receive the said Lee in.
All your Tubs being thus rightly ordered, put in upon every Tubs
bottom another (false) wooden bottom, perforated with many Holes,
and let it lie two Fingers breadth distant from the true bottom: Upon
this (false) bottom lay yet another made of Bull-rushes, or your
small sort of Reeds which grow plentifully in Ditches about the
thickness of a quarter of an Ell: In want of these Reeds throw in
upon the aforementioned perforated bottom, the quantity of a Span
(thick) of Chopt Hay, or Straw, laying some very thin boards thereon,
that so it may not be scattered (or float) abroad. And your Vessels
are made compleatly ready.
Now then, put of the Earth you have already tried and gathered,
as much into each of your Tubs, as they can hold, yet with this
Caution, That the top part of your Vessel be empty a Spans heighth.
And observe this, that if you can get some old ashes of the Curriers,
or Soap-boilers, as much of it as two or three Wheel-barrows will
carry, it must be put in upon the topmost (made) bottom of the Tub,
afore the Earth, but now spoken of, be put in. At the top of the
earth, lay a Cover made of Twigs, (or Withes) and fasten it with a
wooden stick at the top of the earth. This done, pour common water
upon the earth contained in the Vessel, an Hands breadth in
heighth, so as that it may rather touch (or be poured) on the Twigs,
than the Earth it self, least the said earth become unequal thereby,
and hollowed in several places. Let it stand thus for eight hours,
which time being overpast, draw your Plug out, and let the water
you poured on, run out at the hole beneath, which as long as it is
muddy, you must always pour in again into the Vessel, repeating this
so often, till it comes out clear, then keep it, and this water is called
a weak Lee or Lixivium.
This done, pour common water again upon the earth from which
the Lee hath been already, once separated, that so it may extract
the residue of the Lixivium out of the earth; and this Lee is of no
use, save that it may be poured on upon new earth, instead of
simple water; for it oftentimes doth even yet contain a great deal of
Nitre, insomuch, that you may sometimes extract out of an hundred
weight thereof, three or four pound of Nitre.
This Extraction being finished, take out the unprofitable earth out
of the Vessel, and put in new; and continue the Operation, after the
aforesaid manner, reiterating it so long, and so often, until you have
gotten store enough of the Lixivium, that the work of boiling be not
intermitted for want of Lixivium.
Besides, there must be some Wooden Vessel placed at the upper
part of the Copper which this Lixivium is boiled in, out of which may
run so much Lixivium into the Copper as is wasted away by boiling,
that so there may be still kept the same order of boiling, and the
same quantity of Lixivium in the Copper. This boiling is to be on this
wise continued, until a Centenary, or hundred weight of Lixivium in
the Copper, yields according to the less assay (or weight) twenty five
pounds of Nitre; and this may be done in two Days, and one Night.
This being thus done, you must have ready yet two Tubs, or
Vessels (more) of Wood, made after the afore prescribed manner,
and furnished with a (false) perforated wooden bottom, besides its
own bottom, and likewise with such a bottom as is made of Reeds
(or Bull rushes); only you are to observe this here; That there must
be put yet another perforated wooden bottom upon this topmost
bottom of Reeds, upon which there must be first cast in some chop’d
Straw, then some Ashes of Firr, Beach, or any other Tree, so much in
quantity as may overtop the Straw an Ell or Cubit, [Ulna] high; or
rather (if it may be had for a very mean price) as much as may fill
the Tubs, or Vessels. But yet, these Ashes are not to be just simply
thrown in (as they are) upon the Straw, but afore this is done, they
must be first well mixt together, then moistened with some of the
best hot Lixivium, that there may be made a Mass. Then when the
Ashes are on this wise prepared, and put in the Vessel, the Lixivium
boil’d to its heighth, and which yields in the proof twenty five pound,
must be poured thereon, as hot as possibly it may, and is to be often
drawn off by the lower hole, until (if troubled or muddy) it becomes
clear.
After that all the Lee hath thus passed through the Ashes of both
Tubs (the which is done upon this account, That all its fatness may
pass into (or be left with) the Ashes, which Ashes are hereby
rendred stronger to wash withal) keep it in a peculiar Vessel.
Then pour the common Lee or Lixivium upon the Ashes remaining
in the Tubs, which when it hath passed through the Ashes, is called
the second stronger Lixivium: Then again pour on yet a third time,
hot Lixivium, and when ’tis drawn off, it is called the second weaker
Lixivium: Lastly, the common Lee, or Lixivium, may be poured on
cold upon the Ashes, that so all the virtue of the same may be
wholly extracted.
The Figure before going (Numb. 1.) will shew you the way of
placing the Tubs, of preparing the Lixivium, and ordering the boiling.
A Are the eight Wooden Tubs, wherein the earth is put.
B Channels, or Conveyances, by which the water runs into the
said Tubs.
C Channels, or Gutters, by which the Lixivium is conveyed into a
Vessel set thereunder.
D The Vessel in which the Lixivium is gathered, or received.
E The little Vessel out of which the Lixivium runs into the Copper.
F The Furnace.
G The Copper.
H The door of the Furnace whereby Wood is put in under the
Copper.
I The Lower Wind-draught (or Ash-hole) of the Furnace.
K The inward shape of the Furnace.
L An Iron Grate, which the Wood is put upon.
The manner of preparing the Liquor, out of which Salt-petre may be
made by Boiling.
F irst of all, pour your second weaker Lixivium into your Copper,
and set it a boiling, then let your second stronger Lixivium run
thereinto by little and little; and then lastly, the first Lixivium it self,
and which is the chiefest of all, until the Copper be almost filled, and
the Lixivium be boil’d enough to shoot.
And now when you perceive that your Liquor is made strong
enough by boiling, put in a Brass Ladle perforated (or full of holes)
several times, even to the bottom of the Copper, and if the Lixivium
lets fall out of it any Salt, you will find it at the bottom, the which
you may take up with your Ladle.
Note also, That the Scum which at the end of this Boiling is
plentifully gathered, must be carefully taken away: Now then try the
readiness of your Lixiviums Crystallization, on this wise: Put either
two or three drops on a cold Iron, or on a Polish’d Plate of Iron, and
if it stands, or grows hard; that is, if when you turn the Iron up and
down, it does not run (or flow) down, these are signs of the fitness
of your Liquors Crystallization. Or else, you may put some of the
Lixivium in a Brass Vessel, and set it in cold water, and so you shall
see whether the Liquor be fitted enough to Crystallize; for assoon as
ever the Lixivium shall be cold, there will be plenty of Salt-petre
generated: Nay, even the very Brass Spoon it self denotes the
goodness of the Liquor, it being put into the Liquor, and again taken
out, it will show it sticking on it, as if it were Oil.
Out of a Centenary, or hundred weight of Liquor thus perfectly
prepared, there will proceed more than seventy pound of Salt-petre.
The way of rightly using the Liquor for the Generating of a more
Crude Salt-petre.
The Figure signed (Numb. 2.) shews the manner of preparing the
Liquor by boiling, and of extracting and gathering the Salt thereout
of.
A Long narrow Tubs, or Vessels, in which the decocted Liquor of
the Lixivium is cooled.
B The Furnace wherein the Copper stands.
C The Man that manageth the boiling, and extracts, or draws out
the salt with a Ladle, the which he lays in a Withy Basket placed on
the Copper, that so the Lixivium (in it) may again run down into the
Copper.
D The little Basket.
E The little Tub out of which the strong Lixivium runs (by little
and little) into the Copper.
F Coolers, or Vessels, in which the Crude Salt-petre shoots.
G Four Brass Pans put in the Earth, hollowed for the purpose, in
which likewise the Salt-petre is generated (or shoots.)
H A strong Vessel whereinto the Lixivium remaining after the
generating (or shooting) of the Salt-petre, is put.
W hen all these things are thus done, and the Lixivium that
swims at the top of the Salt-petre is taken away, lift up those
Vessels, or Brass Pans, containing that salt, and turn them up and
down in some convenient place, that so the residue of the Lixivium,
that lies as yet in them may flow, or run clearly out, into another
Vessel set thereunder.
This done, take the Salt-petre out of the Coolers, or out of the
Coppers (or Brass Pans) with an Iron Spatula, or rather with such an
Instrument as your Plasterers use (eine telle, a Truel) and put it in a
Tub that has a hole in the bottom thereof, that so the Lixivium may
be perfectly separated therefrom. They that sell that crude Salt-
petre, and not at all purified, for the Salt-petre Boilers, do pour
thereon pure (or clear) Well-water, by the means of which, it is made
more white, that which is thencefrom separated they do again mix
with other stronger Lixivium and so boil it up for the following use.
But if you have a mind to purifie this crude Nitre from its salt, and
all its Impurities, that it may be rendred fair, and white, you are to
proceed this following way:
Take almost as much Well-water as is sufficient for the dissolution
of the Salt-petre, put it in the purifying Copper Vessel, first cleaned
with water, and dried with a cloth, and put the fire under it, and
make it most exceeding hot, then throw in your Salt-petre by little
and little, and in pieces, continually stirring the Salt-petre that sticks
at the bottom with a spoon, that it may be the easier, and sooner
dissolved; this only is to be observed, that there is required a more
gentle fire, while the Salt-petre is cast into the Copper, so as the
water may be kept always hot. When all the Salt-petre is almost
dissolved in the water, promote the boiling thereof, by augmenting
the fire, then try if there be any salt in a (biggish) gross form,
residing in the bottom of the Copper Vessel, which if you find to be,
(for indeed, the Salt-petre it self is not so very easily dissolved, nor
doth its being admixt in a more copious manner, at all benefit the
Lixivium) take it forth with a Spoon, (or Ladle.)
This done, separate the Scum swimming at top of the boiling
water, then have ready a Brass Vessel that will hold about ℥j.ss. of
Liquor, fill it half full with the Lixivium, set the Vessel in cold water to
cool, and you shall find your Nitre presently to Crystallize, or shoot
therein.
Hereby may you try whether your Purgative water be strong
enough, or not; for if it be stronger than is fit, you will find a little
skin spread it self over the matter contained in the Vessel, and when
it comes to be so, add thereunto more hot water, keeping the fire in
that degree of heat, as may suffice to keep the water contained in
the Copper, gently boiling.
Now when you have kept it thus boiling for some season, try the
goodness of your water again, after the aforesaid manner; and if
you shall find a Crystallization therein, and no Concretion, or
heaping-together, leaving a gaping, or chap in the midst, the
business is well done; but if it be otherwise (than thus well done) so
that it be wholly shut in (or gathers a skin all over) at top, pour on
hot water, until your Matters come to succeed after the manner
aforesaid.
Then after all this, take of the best Wine Vinegar, about one
pound thereof, and pour it into the said water, and you will presently
see a blackish spume, or filth arise in plenty at the top thereof, and
when you have left it so a while, it may be easily taken off, because
of the thickness it contracts.
The boiling being yet a while longer continued, pour in the same
quantity of Vinegar again, and diligently separate the Scum as afore:
This pouring on of Vinegar, and separating of the Scum, may be
repeated yet a third time, and oftner, whereby the purgatory water
may be made altogether pure, and that there appears not any more
spume.
When all this is done, cast in upon this water two or three Ounces
of Burnt-Alum, most finely powdered, stir all well with a Spatula,
whereby the Salt-petre may shoot into longer Crystals.
Then after this, pour out the purgatory water into the
aforementioned deep Vessels, and cover them over with Linen
Cloths, that the Liquor cool not. Let it stand thus one hour or two at
most, and a yellow slime will settle to the bottom: Then let the
water while it is yet warm flow out hence, into other Vessels made
of wood, and especially of Elm, and which are large enough; or else,
you may let it run into Copper Pans set deep in the Earth, for the
better coolings sake, which cover over very neatly with Cloths, that
so the Crystallization may begin from the bottom, and not at the
upper part, as we see it wont to happen, where it is not kept by
Coverings from the External cold: And we also observe therein too,
that the Crystals shoot not into that length, as when the
Crystallization begins from the bottom.
Let them stand thus for two or three days, until you see no more
Crystals generated, which you may on this wise try.
Put some of the Lixivium in your (little) probatory Vessel, wherein,
if you find that there are no more Crystals generated, you may take
out the rest of the Lixivium: Then take out the Petre with an Iron
Spatula (or Truel) and put it into a Vessel that is full of holes in the
bottom, that so all the Lixivium may be the better separated
therefrom. And you shall have your Salt-petre pure and white, and
freed from its Salt.
Forasmuch as the Lixivium here separated hath as yet some
saltness in it, it may be mixed with other strong Lixivium to be
(agen) boil’d up, for the production of the Crude Salt-petre is usually
holpen forward there-withal.
Some there are that for the better purifying the Petre, do put Calx
vive in together (with it) whereby the water becomes most white like
Milk, and the Salt-petre gets a greater fairness.
You must withal observe that during the time that the purifying
water is contained in the Copper, your fire must be most gentle,
least by overmuch boiling you get some damage, for a little fire is
able easily to cause (a too vehement) ebullition, and when it has got
strength (or the start of you) it is hardly allayed again. The scum
which you take off from it you may pour upon ashes as if it were a
Lixivium, that so nothing (from whence any profit can be hoped for)
may be lost.
There is sometimes seen to stick to the bottom of the Copper
(especially when it is used about many boilings) a certain stony and
hard substance like Tartar, which unless it be taken away, your
Copper will easily suffer damage under that same matter and be
burnt.
The earth and ashes left, after the weak Lixivium (hath past
through them) are to be laid up in some convenient place, and there
kept for four years or more, that so they may be again apt to yield
a-new more Lixivium by extraction; which, that it may be the better
and easier done, there must be made in them (many weeks afore
they are wrought upon) by digging some Pits or Gutters, that so
they may be freed by the heat of the Sun from that moisture
wherewith they as yet abound. Nor do the ancients so much wander
from the Truth in that they suppose it much better and more
profitable to keep all the earth under a roof or shed, and that it will
be far sooner reduced unto a fitting goodness, than to lie open to
the weather, for much of the Salt-petre is corrupted (or spoiled) with
an abundance of moisture, especially with the Rain it self: For it
needs only a little wetting whereby it may be generated, and
extreamly shuns, or is injured by too much moisture.
Besides these ways, there are many that mix with this earth that
is yet contained in the Tub the Saw-dust of Firr, or some other Wood
(the height of) a Fingers length (on it): And they perswade that Salt-
petre is also generated and multiplied from that fatness which is
mixed with the Saw-dust, and that the earth prepared on this wise
can be so changed in a years space (so it be kept in a dry place)
that it may be again made use of as afore. Yea and they suppose
too that they can do much here, if they pour upon such a barren (or
lean) earth, thus lying in a dry place, the reliques or remains of the
dyes, which the Dyers are otherwise wont to throw away, and
evident it is that they are aluminous, but yet not so frequently.
Besides such waters of the Dyers they are wont also to mix soot
with their earth, (yea and the ashes too of which Lawndresses do
commonly make their Lee;) that so it may be made the more fruitful
and may be the sooner brought to use.
This only is to be noted, that there are sometimes found earths
that give a thick black Lee, which being used by it self is too fat, to
which is to be added a leaner and dryer earth, that so the Salt-petre
may be the better and more plentifully generated.
The way therefore how, and the instruments by which crude Salt-
petre is purifyed, is shown by the 6 and 8 Figure (in Lazarus Ercker’s
Book I think he means.)
The manner of purifying the gross and blackish Salt that comes out
of the Salt petre.
Here the Author runs out into a large digression in his own
vindication, upon the occasion of certain Letters sent him by one I.
H. S. who Stiled himself the Son of Sendivogius; in which Letters he
highly extols the Hermetick learning of the Author, but blames him
for Writing so plainly of great secrets, and exhorts him to be more
sparing and obscure for the future. Withal offering his service (and
begging the Authors leave) to defend his Person and Writings
against Farnner and others. The Author not taking his advice nor yet
accepting of his service (suspecting him to be a self designer) this I.
H. S. afterwards published a Book entituled Lucerna Salis
Philosophorum. In which he offers to teach the making of the
Philosophers-stone at a price or reward; and reproacheth Glauber
whom he before had so highly magnified in several Letters, advising
People to avoid his writings as Sophistical. In this Treatise he
mentions a Prediction or, Prophecy of three Monarchs that were to
appear in the World: The first of Paracelsus, concerning Elias the
Artist. Secondly, That of Cosmopolita of the coming of the Northern
Monarch. Thirdly, That of Jacob Behmen, That a Lily shall bring forth
Flowers from the North. He intimates that himself is the Elias of Arts.
Secondly, That some Northern Monarch shall do mighty things in the
World: And Thirdly, that the Writings of Jacob Behmen should be
again Printed a new. After the Author hath shewed the ill dealing of
this I. H. S. with him, and vindicated himself, then he proceeds
briefly to Comment upon these three Predictions or Prophecies.
By what hath been said, may the Candid and well-minded Reader
judge what judgment is to be had of this Monarch of Arts I. H. S.
Every one that reads them will find whether or no such a Monarchy
is to be expected from such a ones Writings. But now that I my self
may likewise here produce my opinion, concerning Paracelsus his
meaning where he writeth, I say that the most eminent Secrets will
not be known afore Elias the Artist shall come and teach them: (But
I pray) what hath the holy Man Elias to do with Arts? verily no thing
at all. Paracelsus minded or pointed at some other thing, he well
knew, that no body comes unto such knowledge, unless by
Revelation from God, by godly Prayers, and by searching: This is the
true Elias which Paracelsus speaketh of, if (viz.) the word Elias be
read backwards, and E changed into A: For then ’tis the same with
Salia (that is, Salts) such as these (viz. salts) are known unto, to
them is Elias a master or teacher. And where the said Paracelsus
speaketh of Salts he adds Alchimy finds it (to be) in Nitre: Hereby
shewing and pointing at Salia, Salts, which word being read
backward is Elias? And this is my opinion as touching the coming of
Elias the Artist, and I do yet (again) say, that to him to whom Salts
are known, hath Elias appeared. And let this be sufficient to have
spoken of the first Monarchy of I. H. S. and what is to be judged
thereof.
A s for what concerns the third Prophecy which I.H.S. doth also
make mention of, (& will have it) to concern a certain Writer,
whose name is Jacob Behmen, who exercised the Shooe-makers
Craft, and published many Theological and also Chymical things,
which John Beth doth again Print: As far as I know by his writings,
he was an honest Man, but I do not know what he understood in
Alchimy; but however this is evident, that he never exercised or
practised Chymical Operations, and that his Chymical writings are
most difficult to be understood, but his Theological writings are read
by many. My opinion concerning the business is this, that this same
I. H. S. was minded to quarrel with me, that so there being a
brawling bred between us he might make his Books the more
saleable. I have therefore thus plainly answered him, but if he
proceed on in contrarying and opposing me, I shall be constrained
Nolens Volens to meet with him another kind of way, for I am even
wearied and glutted with contention. If he will needs brawl and scold
let him do it with those that have no work to do, such as he himself
& his associates are, who have no Family to rule and look after, I can
for my own part bestow my time better than in those contentions,
which bring no profit, but only to the Bookseller, whose Books before
they are known sell well.
But to conclude, I will in a few words open the ill affected mind of
J. H. S. to the Candid Reader. When I had lookt into his Treatise, and
perceived that he had ranked me amongst the Sophisters, I showed
to some of my faithful Friends, the Letters which he had written unto
me, that so I might hear their Judgment concerning them; verily,
there was not one amongst them all, but wondered at the wicked
mind and falseness of this Man: Yea, one of them did afterwards
inform him by his Letters, what way I had purposed to take, viz.
again to wipe off that undeserved Title he had put upon me, and to
defend my self against such Monstrous Impiety; To which he
received from the said J. H. S. an Answer, which he likewise shewed
me, wherein (’mongst other things) he pretends, that the cause of
his hatred [against me] was, because I had in some places written
so very clearly of the Universal Medicine: Yea, and he farther adds,
that it is no such great despising one, or Contempt to call one a
Sophister; for Geber was accounted for a Sophister, and yet was he
a King. And that if I wrote against him, he would do the same
against me, and endamage not only me, but my Children too; which
Epistle is yet kept safe. Now let any Honest Man consider whether
this be a Human, or Diabolical action.
Some, when they heard this, perswaded me to pass over all in
silence, and that there would come of it such another brawling
business as was with Farnner, whose Exhortation I yielded to, that I
would not so much as once answer him, how great Lies soever he
told, but rather purposed by referring all till the next Spring, to get
me Friends by the benefit of my very eminent Inventions (God
willing) which should not only intercede, or stand up for me, but also
for my Children too, after my Decease: I doubt not, but that there
maybe some principal persons found, which are capable of
overturning such Inhuman Perverseness.
These few things was I constrained to add (in a Parenthesis) for
the defence of my Writings, thereby to paint out the deceitfulness of
Men, and to discover what is to be opinionated concerning such
turn-coated Foxes: The which I entreat the Reader not to take in evil
part, but to accept of the Secrets laid open in this Treatise, as a
Reward for his pains in reading this Apology.
First of all, Paracelsus saith in this his Prophesie, that Men shall
draw him out of his Grave, and place him towards the East; who is
so simple as to think that this is to be understood according to the
Letter? What Profit and Honour would thence arise to Paracelsus, if
his Bones were digg’d forth, and translated into another place?
Whereas if he were even now living, he could not desire a better and
more excellent Tomb, than that he lies in. Whilst he was living, he
was not so proud; he very well knew that the Honours of this World
are fading and vain. Nor did he ever require, that any Epitaph should
be erected to his Honour: Although (when his Friends had taken
care to lay him in a decent place.) The Magistrate commanded a
very notable Epitaph to be engraven on his Tomb-stone for a
Testimonial of his Deeds, the which Epitaph will bring him Praise
enough while the World lasts. The said Epitaph runs thus.