Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)

For Student-driver’s Permit Applicants

Subject No. 1

Introduction to
Driving
Subject Code: TDC-15-S-01
 Introduction to Driving
Topic Outline:

1. Background/Evolution of Land Transportation and its Role in National Development

2. The Land Transportation Office
a. Vision
b. Mission
c. Organization
3. LTO Mandate
a. Driver’s License
b. Motor Vehicle Registration
c. Law Enforcement and Ticketing Protocol
4. Relationship with other Agencies
a. DOTr
b. LTFRB
c. PNP-HPG
d. MMDA/LGUs
e. DPWH
 Background / Evolution of Land Transportation and
Its Role in National Development

February 6, 1912 Legislative Act 2159 - Automobile Section

1926 Act Number 3045 - Automobile Division under Bureau of Public Works

January 1, 1933 Act Number 3992 “Revised Motor Vehicle Law”

Reorganizing the division and its function
June 2, 1945
(section chief, division chief, director)
June 20, 1964 RA 4136 or the Land Transportation Traffic Code

March 20,1985 Executive Order 1011 – Land Transportation Commission (LTC)

Land Transportation Office (LTO)

June 30, 1987 -
Present Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation And Traffic Code

❖Vision
❖Mission
❖Mandate
❖Organizational Chart
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

VISION
A Frontline agency showcasing fast and
efficient public service for a progressive
land transport sector.
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

MISSION
Rationalize the land transport services and
facilities to effectively implement the
various land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

MANDATE
❑Register roadworthy and emission-compliant
motor vehicles;
❑License quality drivers; and
❑Put order on the road and enforcement of land
transportation laws, rules and regulations.
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
LTO ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
(PERTAINING REGISTRATION & LICENSING)

Assistant Secretary

Executive Director

Law Enforcement Service (LES) Traffic Adjudication Service (TAS)

Field Enforcement Investigation &

Traffic Safety
Division (FED) Intelligence Division
Division (TSD)
(IID)

Regional Director

Assistant Regional Director

District Officers

Extension Office Chief

 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

SECTION 3 - DEFINITION
▪ Motor Vehicle
▪ Passenger Automobile
▪ Articulated Vehicle
▪ Driver
▪ Professional/ Nonprofessional Driver
▪ Owner
▪ Dealer
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

▪ Garage
▪ Gross weight
▪ Highways
▪ Parking or Parked
▪ Tourist

Article III - Administration of Act

Section 4 – Creation of Commission Repealed by RA6374
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 5: Compulsory Registration of Motor Vehicles
Amended by BP74

Section 6: Application and Payments for Registration

Section 7: Registration Classification
The Classification of vehicle shall be:
(1) Private
(2) For Hire
(3) Government
(4) Diplomatic
Amended by BP74
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 8 - Schedule of Registration Fees
Amended by: RA 8794 MVUC Law
AGE YEAR
Aged Private Vehicles - refers to private Current 2000
passenger cars registered under E.O. 43
1yr.Old 1999
series of 1986. Pursuant to MC # EMA-
MC-01348 dated 8/18/01 2yrs.Old 1998
3yrs.Old 1997
re: Clarification on the Rates of Collectible 4yrs.Old 1996
MVUC for Aged Motor Vehicles, hereunder
are the schedule of aged MVs, the base 5yrs.Old 1995
year of which is 2000 the year RA 8794 Over 5 yrs old 1994 and below
become effective.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
CATEGORIES GVW RATES
PASSENGER CARS:
LIGHT
up to 1600kg
Current, up to 5 yrs. old Php 2,000.00
Over 5 yrs. old 1,400.00

MEDIUM
Current, up to 3 yrs. old Php 6,000.00
1601 to 2300kg
4 to 5 yrs. old 4,800.00
Over 5 yrs. old 2,400.00

HEAVY
2301kg & above
Current, up to 5 yrs. old Php 12,000.00
Over 5 yrs. old 5,600.00
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
MONTHLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE WEEKLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE 2ND
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER TO THE LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER 2ND TO THE LAST
(Monthly Schedule) SCHEDULE / WEEKLY
DIGIT OF THE PLATE
1 – January DEADLINE
NUMBER
2 – February
1ST TO THE 7TH
3 – March 1 2 3
WORKING DAY
4 – April
5 – May 8TH TO THE 14TH
4 5 6
6 – June WORKING DAY
7 – July
15TH TO THE 21ST
8 – August 7 8
WORKING DAY
9 – September
0 – October 22ND TO THE LAST
0 9 0
Note: Vehicles may be registered two WORKING DAY
months in advance
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 9 – Permissible Weights and Dimension of
Vehicles in Highway Traffic

R.A No. 8794

“MOTOR VEHICLES USER’S CHARGE (MVUC) LAW ”
An amount equivalent to 25% of the MVUC shall be imposed
on trucks and trailers for loading beyond their prescribed
gross vehicle weight: provided , that no axle load shall
exceed 13,500 kgs.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 10: Special Permit
➢ Vehicles exceeding the permissible dimension without special
permit shall not be allowed to be operated on public highways.

Section 11: Additional Fees

➢ Any changes on Certificate of Registration or Driver’s License
requires additional fees otherwise known as miscellaneous
transaction.

Section 12: Fee for the Original Registration for Part of Year
➢ Computation of registration fee for the first year of registration.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Section 13: Payment of Taxes upon Registration

➢ No proof of payment of taxes – No Registration

Section 14: Issuance of Certificates of Registration

➢ Numbered certificate of registration (MV File No.)

Section 15: Use and Authority of Certificates of Registration

➢ The said certificate shall be preserved and carried in the car by
the owner (photocopy)
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 16 - Suspension of Registration Certificate
Registration of MV may be suspended if found:
➢ Unsightly
➢ Unsafe
➢ Overloaded
➢ Improperly marked or quipped
➢ Unfit to be operated
➢ Capable of causing excessive damage to the highways
➢ Not conforming to minimum standards and specifications
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
Section 17 - Number Plates, three letters & three numbers
Preparation and Issuances

MV Private - all numbers and

letters are green with white
background for the old plates
while black with white
background for the new plates
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
three letters & three numbers

MV PLATES
MV For Hire- all numbers
and letters are black with
yellow background.
Rainbow plates are for
tourist MV.

NEW
three letters & four numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV PLATES

MV For Hire- all numbers

and letters are black with
yellow background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

TRAILER PLATES FOR PRIVATE

Trailer Plates- all numbers
and letters are green with
white background for the old
plates while black with white
background for the new
plates.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

TRAILER PLATES FOR HIRE

Trailer Plates For Hire- all

numbers and letters black
with yellow background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
three letters & three numbers

MV PLATES

MV Government - all
numbers and letters
are red with white
background.
NEW
three letters & four numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV DIPLOMATIC

MV Diplomatic – all numbers

and letters are blue with
white background and with
four or five numbers.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
two letters & four numbers

MOTORCYCLE PLATES

MC/TC private - all numbers

and letters are green with
white background for the
old plates while black with NEW
white background for new. two letters & five numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
two letters & four numbers
MC PLATES

MC/TC Government - all

numbers and letters are red
with white background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MC PLATES

TC For Hire - all numbers

and letters are black with
yellow background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Validation Stickers and Plate Year Tags
Validation Stickers –are stickers that
are attached on the windshield.

TRAILER

MC
GOVT
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
REGIONAL OFFICE NEW ASSIGNED LETTER
I I

MV PLATES II
III
B
C
IV – A D
IV – B V
Assignment and distribution of
V E
Motor Vehicle License Plates VI F
from July 1, 2016 onwards. VII G
VIII H
IX J
X K
XI L
Based on Memorandum Circular
XII M
No. 2018-2143 (Annex I) NCR N
CAR Y
CARAGA Z
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

REGION VII

REGION XI

REGION IV-A
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
PROTOCOL PLATES as per DOTr D.O 2015-013
1 and/or
PANGULO
President of the Republic of the Philippines

2 Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines

3 Senate President

4 Speaker of the House Representative

5 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

 Registration of Motor Vehicle

6 Cabinet Secretary

7 Senator

8 Congressman / Member – House of Representative

9 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

Solicitor General, Presiding Justice and Other

10 Justices of the Court Appeals
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

11 Chairman of the Commission on Elections

12 Cabinet Undersecretary

14 Chief of Staff, AFP and Chief, PNP

16 Regional Trial Court Judges (RTC)

Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC),

17 Metropolitan Trial Court in the Cities (MTCC)
Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) and Sha’ra Court
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV PLATES
The issuance of these Plates are at any
LTO Registration Offices where the MV,
TRL, MC & TC are first registered.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 18 – Use of Number Plates

✓At all times, number plates shall be displayed in

conspicuous places, one in front and one in the rear.

✓The number plates shall be kept clean and cared for,

and shall be firmly affixed to the motor vehicle in such
a manner as will make it entirely visible and always
legible.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Equipment are not

allowed in public
road hence, not
subject for
registration
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Equipment are not

allowed in public road
hence, not subject for
registration
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 19 – Duty to have License
“The license shall be carried at all times when operating a
motor vehicle and shall be shown and/or surrendered for
cause and upon demand to any person with authority
under this Act to confiscate the same.”

Conductor’s License Driver’s License

Student-driver’s Permit
 PERMIT & LICENSES

Section 20: License for Enlisted Men Operating

Government Vehicle Repealed by BP398

Section 21: Operation of Motor Vehicle by Tourists

Any Tourist or transients desiring to operate Motor Vehicle shall be

allowed to do so for a period of not more than 90 days. Provided,
Bona fide tourist and transients who are duly licensed in their
respective countries.
After ninety days – require to have Philippine DL
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 22: Application for Driver’s License Amended by BP398

Professional
- An authority embodied in a form prescribed by the LTO
to a person to operate a private and public utility
vehicle for a fee. Shall mean every and any driver
hired or paid for driving or operating a motor vehicle,
whether for private use or for hire to the public.

Non-Professional
- An authority embodied in a form prescribed by
the LTO to a person to operate a private motor
vehicle.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 23 – As Amended by RA 10930
• shall be entitled to a renewal of such license for ten (10) years – provided,
however, that DL holder has no traffic violation prior to renewal.
• The LTO shall serve as the repository of all lawfully issued traffic violation.
• Establishment of Stricter Rules Before the Issuance of Driver's License.

Demerit Point (Traffic Violation Points) – an arithmetical value,

specified by integer numbers, assigned to and accumulated by a
driver-violator for every corresponding traffic violation committed as
used in the Point System
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Driver’s License (DL) - New
DRIVER’S LICENSE CODE AND VEHICLE CATEGORY SUMMARY
DL SEAT CAPACITY
RC DESCRIPTION GVW (KGS)
CODE (DRIVER + PASSENGERS)
1 A MOTORCYCLE 1+1
1 A1 TRICYCLE 1 + XX
2 B PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or less UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B1 PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 9 or more UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B2 CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 3500 KGS
2 BE LIGHT ARTICULATED UP TO 3500 KGS
3 C CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 12000 KGS
8 CE ARTICULATED 1 + 2 or less More than 3500 KGS
3 D PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or more More than 5000 KGS

*XX – depending on the approved design by LGU or LTO

 PERMIT & LICENSES
Driver’s License (DL) - New

School Service
PERMIT & LICENSES
PERMIT & LICENSES
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Driver’s License - Front
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Driver’s License - Back
PERMIT & LICENSES

Nonprofessional
motorcycle,
Automatic Professional Light
Transmission Vehicle, Manual
and Automatic
Transmission

Professional Bus Driver, with

Authority to drive Special
Purpose vehicle, Automatic
Transmission only
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Driving Enhancement Program (DEP)

• All holders of driver’s license for renewal (RA No. 10930)

shall be required to attend the DEP

• Holders of delinquent DL must attend the DEP and must

pass the theoretical and practical examination

• DEP theoretical and practical examination may be

imposed to DL holders during intervention program
 PERMIT & LICENSES

Drivers of public utility vehicles (PUV) shall be

meted double the number of demerit points for
every traffic violation committed while operating a
For Hire motor vehicle.
Accumulation Period. –
during the validity of DL
Including the driver of a private motor vehicle
operating as a PUV but without proper authority
from the LTFRB
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Violation Points Penalty Hours
5 – 9 demerit points – Driving Enhancement Program (DEP) or
4 hours
applicants for renewal of DL accredited service provider
10 or more demerit points DEP plus Theoretical Exam 8 hours
same violation is committed for
DEP – 4 hours 4 hours
at least three (3) times
franchise-related violation Driver’s Academy with LTFRB
at least forty (40) demerit points Revoked for at least two (2) years 15 hours

Confiscation and revocation of SP and

Holders of SP (5 demerit points) may apply after one year
3 times revocation – Perpetual
 PERMIT & LICENSES

A driver who is not able to complete the

intervention program within thirty (30) days from
his last apprehension, after a notice has been
given, shall have his driver’s license suspended
until he is able to attend the required course.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Period of Prohibition from Non-Pro to
PRO or additional DL Code

Demerit Points from

Period of Prohibition
Date of Issuance
1-2 3 months
3-4 6 months
5 or more 1 year
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 24: Use of driver’s license and identification card
Amended by BP398

“ Every license issued under the provision

of this Act to any driver shall entitle the
holder thereof, while the same is valid and
effective, to operate motor vehicles
described in such license,….
…. Professional DL holder must secure
Identification Card from LTO ”
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 25: Driver’s Record

Any driver who changes his address shall, within

fifteen days, notify the Commissioner in writing of
his new address, name and address of his new
employer, the number of the motor vehicle he is
employed to operate, and such other information
as the Commissioner may require.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 26: Renewal of License
Amended by BP398

Any license not renewed on or before the last

working day prior to the expiry date shall become
delinquent and invalid, except when the license is
surrendered to the Director or his deputies on or
before the last working day prior to the expiry date
of such license as hereinabove specified in order to
avoid payment of the delinquency fees.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 27: Authority to Suspend, Revoke and Reinstate Driver’s License
Amended by BP398

Without prejudice to the authority of the court

in appropriate cases and except as herein
otherwise provided, the Director shall have
exclusive power and authority to suspend or
revoke for cause any driver's license issued
under the provisions of this Act.
 PERMIT & LICENSES

Section 28: Driver’s Bond

Amended by BP398

Section 29: Confiscation of Driver’s License

Amended by BP398

Only LTO deputized Traffic enforcers are

allowed to confiscate driver’s license
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)
STUDENT-DRIVER’S PERMIT
It is an authority granted by the LTO to
a person who desires to learn to
operate a motor vehicle valid for a
period of one (1) year. The student-
driver must accompanied by a duly
licensed driver, acting as driving
instructor, possessing the appropriate
license code/s for the desired type of
motor vehicle.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

• Sixteen (16) years old for Filipinos and Eighteen (18) years old for Foreigners
• Able to read and write (English, Filipino or any major dialect)
• Physically and mentally fit
• Mandatory 15 hours driving education from LTO or accredited driving school
• Valid for a period of one (1) year – RA 4136 Section 30
• Expired SP for not more than one (1) year may be used only to apply for DL
• Renewable SP upon payment of renewal fee.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)
Expired SP Delinquent SP
- may be renewed after the date of - may be renewed after repeating
expiration upon payment of the mandatory Theoretical Driving
renewal fee and appropriate fines Course (TDC).
and/or penalty, if there is any.

1st Year – Learn to Drive 1st year of Expired SP - Apply

– one month for NPDL only for DL and No practical After one year of expired SP –
driving lesson must renew SP with TDC
Year 1 - Valid SP
Year 2 - Expired SP
Year 3 or more - Delinquent SP
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 31 – Imitation and False Representation

No person shall make or use or attempt to make or

use a driver’s license, badge, certificate of
registration, number plate, tag or permit and imitation
or similitude of those issued on this Act.
 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee
✓ Eighteen (18) years old
CONDUCTOR’S LICENSE
✓ Physically and mentally fit
is an authority granted by the LTO to ✓ No contagious disease
a qualified person to assist the driver ✓ Able to read and write (English, Filipino or
of a public utility vehicle in fare any major dialect)
collection and/or ensuring the safety ✓ Must pass the online examination in LTO
of the passengers and/or cargo while (new & delinquent)
the said vehicle is in operation. ✓ No unsettled traffic violation
✓ Attended & passed the Road Safety Seminar

✓ No pending criminal case

 PERMIT & LICENSES
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee

No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow more

passengers or more freight or cargo on his vehicle than its
registered carrying capacity.
No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow any
passengers to ride on the cover or top of such vehicle.

No driver shall allow any person on the running board, step

board, or mudguard of his motor vehicle for any purpose while
the vehicle is in motion.
 Law Enforcement

Put order on the road and enforce

land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
 Law Enforcement

- to carry out effectively a rule of

conduct or action prescribed by a
controlling authority and formally
recognized as binding by the people
in a given territory.
 Law Enforcement
TYPES OF ENFORCEMENT

Punitive

Preventive

Persuasive
 Ticketing System
1. Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) - issued by LTO deputized
enforcers for traffic and administrative (non-moving) violation which
serves as:
• Receipt for driver’s license confiscated ;
• Notice and Summon;
• Temporary driver’s license (for 72 hrs. only)
• 5 days to contest, 15 days to settle otherwise 30 days suspension
of driver’s license

2. Traffic Violation Receipt (TVR) - issued by MMDA deputized

enforcers for traffic violations committed within Metro Manila
(under Sec. 5F of R.A. No. 7924 dated April 15, 1995)
 Ticketing System
3. Uniform Ordinance Violation Receipt (UOVR) - issued by
Local Government Units (LGU’s) under the Single Ticketing
System dated Jan. 26, 2012, MMDA Resolution No. 12-02
(Only in Metro Manila)

4. Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) - issued by the LGU under Sec. 5

of PD 1605 dated Nov. 21, 1978

Note: Non-confiscation of Driver’s License under Joint Memorandum

Circular No. 1 Series of 2008 dated September 10, 2008, under
Sec. 3.4A
 Ticketing System

Temporary Operator‘s Traffic Violation Receipt Traffic Citation Ordinance Violation

Permit (TOP) (TVR) Ticket (TCT) Receipt (OVR)
 Relationship with other Agencies
Agency Involved in Traffic Administration
DOTr is the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating,
implementing, regulating and administrative entity of the executive
DOTr
branch of the government in the promotion, development, regulation
of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation.
Certificate of Public Convenience (franchising of public utility motor
LTFRB
vehicle) including enforcement of the Public Service Law (CA 146).

PNP-HPG Enforcement of Republic Act 4136

Responsible for traffic direction and control within Metro Manila and
MMDA/LGUs
its Localities
Responsible for road engineering and infrastructure as well as
DPWH construction, maintenance and repairs of roads including installation
of traffic signs and signals and pavement markings.