AS-2933

B.Sc. (Third Semester) Examination, 2013

FORESTRY
(Structural Grammar and Spoken English)

Time Allowed : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 50

Model answer

Dr. Anindita Bhattacharya

Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
 AS-2933
B.Sc. (Third Semester) Examination, 2013
FORESTRY
(Structural Grammar and Spoken English)

Time Allowed : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 50

Note : Attempt questions of all sections as directed.

Section - A

1. (a) Complete the sentence in passive voice with the verb in bracket : 5x1=5
(i) Letters are delivered by post man every day (deliver)
(ii) The shoes were found in the bus yesterday. (find)
(iii) Fish is eaten by cat. (eat)
(iv) I have sold my watch. (sell)
(v) This dress is washed in cold water. (wash)

(b) Complete the sentences using articles : 5x1=5

(vi) A university teacher.
(vii) I have a one rupee note.
(viii) He went to the United Kingdom with his friend.
(ix) It is an L.P. School.
(x) Mr. Sen is an officer.

(c) Complete the sentence using prepositions given in the bracket : 5x1=5
(xi) The letter was written with a pen. (a, by)
(xii) The stick was broken by Prashant. (by, with)
(xiii) They went from Delhi to Pune. (from, to)
(xiv) School begins at 10 O’clock. (at, from)
(xv) He will be present here from Friday. (since, from)

2|Page
(d) Conjugation of verbs : (any five) 5x1=5
(a) Ring Rang Rung
(b) Know Knew Known
(c) Deal Dealt Dealt
(d) Leave Left Left
(e) Show Showed Shown
(f) Let Let Let
(g) Put Put Put
(h) Fight Fought Fought

Section – B
2. Do as directed : (any ten) 10 x 1 = 10
(i) You ride a bicycle. (Change the sentence in future simple tense)
Ans : You will ride a bicycle.
(ii) Close the door at once. (Change the voice)
Ans : Let the door be closed at once.
(iii) Tom has cleaned the room. (Change the voice)
Ans : The room had been cleaned by Tom.
(iv) I am going to home. (Correct the sentence)
Ans : I am going home.
(v) She said, “Ram is reading”. (Make an indirect sentence)
Ans : She said that Ram is reading.
(vi) Sita is cooking. (Change in negative question sentence)
Ans : Is Sita not cooking?
(vii) Ramesh sells radios. (Change the voice)
Ans : Radios are sold by Ramesh.
(viii) Tom killed the snake. (Change the voice)
Ans : The snake was killed by Tom.
(ix) The baby cries for milk. (Change the sentence in future continuous tense)
Ans : The baby will be crying for milk.
(x) Ram sings a song. (Change the sentence in past perfect continuous tense)
Ans : Ram had been singing a song.

3|Page
(xi) Sam said, “hurry up!” (Make an indirect sentence)
Ans : Sam asked to hurry up.
(xii) A story is writing by Harry. (Correct the sentence)
Ans : A story is written by Harry.
(xiii) He said, “Happy New Year”. (Make as indirect sentence)
Ans : He wished happy new year.
(xiv) Are you reading? (Change in positive sentence)
Ans : You are reading.
(xv) I am running. (Change in negative sentence)
Ans : I am not running.

3. Write an essay on the following : 10 x 1 = 10

(a) Nature
Nature is our mother. It consists of the non-living and the living things present in our planet
earth. Both the non-living and the living world are dependent on each other. Nature
nourishes all the living beings of the earth. Nature refers to the phenomenon of the physical
world, and also to life in general. The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or
"essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth.

Beauty in nature has historically been a prevalent theme in art and books, filling large
sections of libraries and bookstores. That nature has been depicted and celebrated by so
much art, photography, poetry and other literature shows the strength with which many
people associate nature and beauty.

Earth has evolved through geological and biological processes that have left traces of the
original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several gradually migrating tectonic
plates. The interior remains active, with a thick layer of plastic mantle and an iron-filled core
that generates a magnetic field. The Earth is the only planet presently known to support life,
and its natural features are the subject of many fields of scientific research. Within the solar
system, it is third closest to the sun; it is the largest terrestrial planet and the fifth largest

4|Page
overall. Its most prominent climatic features are its two large polar regions, two relatively
narrow temperate zones, and a wide equatorial tropical to subtropical region.

Earth is considered as the habitable part of the universe because of the presence of
atmosphere, water and suitable temperature. The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key
factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth
is held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and other
inert gases, carbon dioxide, etc.; but air also contains a variable amount of water vapour.

The planetary climate is a measure of the long-term trends in the weather. Various factors
are known to influence the climate, including ocean currents, surface albedo, greenhouse
gases, and variations in the solar luminosity, and changes to the planet's orbit. Based on
historical records, the Earth is known to have undergone drastic climate changes in the past,
including ice ages.

Water is a chemical substance that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is vital for all
known forms of life.

Oceans hold 97% of surface water and rest of the water is present in glaciers and polar ice
caps and other land surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and ponds.

Soil is also an important component of the earth. It is the reservoir of minerals and hosts
many forms of life. Without soil, growth of plants on earth’s surface is impossible. These
plants not only maintain the temperature but also support the other forms of life and thus
maintain the balance of nature.

More than 2 million species of plant and animal life have been identified to date and
estimates of the actual number of existing species range from several million to well over
50 million. The number of individual species of life is constantly in some degree of flux, with
new species appearing and others ceasing to exist on a continual basis. The total number of
species is presently in rapid decline.

5|Page
Human being thinks himself to be the most superior species of the earth. In order to
conquer nature he has developed many sophisticated technology. These technologies are
economically beneficial but ecologically harmful. The development of technology by the
human race has allowed the greater exploitation of natural resources and has helped to
alleviate some of the risk from natural hazards. In spite of this progress, however, the fate
of human civilization remains closely linked to changes in the environment. There exists a
highly complex feedback loop between the use of advanced technology and changes to the
environment that are only slowly becoming understood. Man-made threats to the Earth's
natural environment include pollution, deforestation, and disasters such as oil spills.
Humans have contributed to the extinction of many plants and animals.

We are the part of nature not above it. So population and pollution control along with
reduction reuse and recycling of waste is necessary for survival of all forms of life on this
earth.

(b) Environment
Environment is the sum total of everything surrounding us. It may be micro environment
that immediately surrounds us or macro environment that is present outside it.
Environment consists of physical, chemical, biological and energy components. The physical
environment consists of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Atmosphere is the
gaseous envelop surrounding the earth. It has different layers namely troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. Most of the weather phenomena
and life exists in troposphere. Hydrosphere consists of water components which are present
in ocean, surface water and underground water. Lithosphere consists of soil and rocks. All
these spheres support various forms of life. Biological components consist of plants, animals
and microbes. Energy components include all the non-renewable and renewable form of
energy. The non-living and the living beings are dependent on each other and maintains the
balance of nature.

But this balance is somewhere disturbed due to the humans. Human is the bundle of wants.
To make economic progress humans are hampering the ecology. Deforestation, population
explosion, resource exploitation, pollution and biodiversity loss are the consequences of

6|Page
human’s greed. Deforestation is the reckless felling of trees. This results in soil erosion, loss
of soil fertility and biodiversity loss. Population explosion results in rapid urbanisation, huge
use of energy resources, waste deposition, shortage of certain important resources and
spread of many diseases. Due to over use of resources, problems like shortages of certain
important minerals, pollution and waste deposition, are there.

Environmental pollution may be discussed in terms of its effects on land, air and water. It is
difficult to control land pollution. Land is used for the disposal of domestic and industrial
waste. Sludge from the sewage plants is deposited on the land surface which contains some
useful nutrients as well as some toxic metals which affect the fertility of the soil. The
problem of water pollution is rampant in all thickly populated areas. Water does posses a
self-cleaning property, but there is a limit to it. The problem intensifies with addition of
pollutants in our water ways from many sources. The air we breathe becomes polluted in
various ways. The waste we generated from our household, industries and agricultural
activity pollutes the air. Motor vehicles and other transportations generate huge amount of
gaseous pollutants like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide etc. as well as
dust particles. These dust particles get into our lungs and may lead to cancer of the digestive
tract and other pulmonary diseases. Another fact that upset the balance of nature and
jeopardises human existence is noise. Environmental noise leads to headache, fatigue,
blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.

This is how environment is polluted by human activity. If environmental degradation

continues at the present rate, mankind is bound to perish one day or another. It is,
therefore imperative to take measures for protecting and minimizing if not totally
eliminating, pollution of the environment.

Afforestation, recycle and reuse of the non-renewable resources, use of renewable

resources and use of technology to prevent pollution should be adapted. The need of the
time is to organize a mass movement to protect the environment, else we shall all perish.

7|Page
4. Write an application to your head of department for two days leave. 10 x 1 = 10
Or
Letter to your father giving reason that you need money.

Application to the head of department

To,
The Head of the Department,
Department of Forestry,
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,
Bilaspur,
C.G. Dt: X/X/2013

Sub.: Leave application

Respected Sir/Madam,
With due respect I beg to state that I will be unable to attend my classes for
two days i.e. from X/X/2013 to X/X/2013 as I am suffering from high fever and my doctor
had advised me a bed rest for two days. I am attaching the medical certificate with this
application for the same.

I shall be highly obliged if you kindly grant me the leave for two days.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,
(XYZ)
B.Sc. III Semester,
Department of Forestry,
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,
Bilaspur,
C.G.

8|Page
 Letter to father

Malvia Nagar,
Khirki Extention,
New Delhi-110001

Xth December, 2013

My dear Father,
Hope you all are pulling well. You will be happy to know that I had done very well in
my Semester examination. I stood first in my class. Now I am promoted to the next
semester. I need some books for that. Some books are available at our library and some
books I have to buy which will cost around some Rs 1500/-. Please send me the money as
soon as possible as our classes are about to start.

Convey my regards to dear mom and love to my sister.

With love,

Your loving daughter

ABC

9|Page