1. Setelah proses pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat menemukan arti
Cause and Effect; 2. Setelah proses pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat mengidetifikasi pola kalimat Cause and Effect; 3. Setelah proses pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat menjelaskan secara lisan Cause and Effect; 4. Setelah proses pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat membaca texts / dialogs yang menunjukkan Cause and Effect; 5. Setelah proses pembelajaran, peserta didik dapat menjawab pertanyaan texts / dialogs yang menunjukkan Cause and Effect. Learning focus: 1. Connectors followed by a sentence. 2. Connectors followed by a noun or noun phrase. What is cause and effect? Cause reason for an action (alasan dari sebuah tindakan) why something is happened? (kenapa sesuatu itu terjadi?) happen in the first (terjadi di awal)
Effect result of an action
(hasil dari sebuah tindakan) Examples: Karena aku sangat mencintaimu, aku rela melakukan apapun. Cause Effect Because it rains hard, I must stay at home. Cause Effect Conjuctions or sentence Because of heavy rain, I must stay at home. connectors Cause Effect Conjuctions followed by a sentence. Conjuctions or sentence connectors Conjuctions followed by a noun or noun phrase A. Conjuctions followed by a sentence. 1. Because We use “because” to give the reason of something important for the listener. (Kita menggunakan “because” untuk memberikan alasan yang penting bagi pendengar) Examples: Ahmad missed the bus because he woke up late. S V Because Tata is very kind and friendly, everybody likes her. 2. As and Since We use “as and since” to give the reason but the reason should be already known by the listener. (Kita menggunakan “as dan since” untuk memberikan alasan di mana alasannya sudah diketahui oleh pendengar) Examples: As we lost the semi-final game, we could not qualify for the final. Since Ali did not have breakfast, he wanted to eat something first. As and Since always come at the begining of the sentence. 3. For We use “for” to give the reason as a sugestion. (Kita menggunakan “for” untuk memberikan alasan sebagai saran atau pertimbangan) Examples: Nuri had to stay at home and finish her report for the deadline was soon. For NEVER comes at the begining of the sentence. Example 1 Yuni : I’m worried about my friend. Wida : What happen with your friend? Yuni : My friend was grounded because he cheated on a test.
Wida : Oh . . . he deserves to be punished.
Example 2 Budi : Hey man, what did you think about the quiz? Andi : Since I study hard last night, I can finish my test. How about you? Budi : As I prepared it, I could handle it well too. Andi : Man, could you come to my home tonight? Budi : I am sorry, I can’t for I have to study Complete the sentences using the words given in brackets. Change the forms of the verbs when necessary. The first one has been done for you as an example 1. Kevin loves to exercise. Exercise keeps Kevin strong and healthy. Kevin loves to exercise because it keeps him strong and healthy. 2. Kitty feels extremely sad. Her grandmother passes away this morning. 3. It is raining heavily outside. We have to postpone the picnic. 4. Katrina speaks fluent English. She received her education in England when she was small. 5. The team had to surrender. They already lost most of their members. 6. Lydia is on a diet. She want to look prettier for her wedding banquet next month. B. Conjuctions followed by a noun, a noun phrase, a adjective or an adverb 1. Because of This conjunction is different from the conjunction because. Because of is not followed by a sentence. Examples:
I didn’t go to work I didn’t go to work
yesterday because I was ill yesterday because of illness.
Sheila is going home because Sheila is going
she gets injured home because of injury. 2. Due to and Owing to Due to follows a noun or a pronoun, it means due to is adjectival, whereas owing to is adverbial, it compliments a verb. Due to merupakan preposition yang menyiratkan makna ‘atas hasil dari’ atau singkatnya menjelaskan penyebab. Sedangkan owing to lebih menjelaskan alasan atau mengungkapkan ‘karena apa’ sesuatu terjadi. Examples:
The game was cancelled The game was cancelled
because it was raining hard. owing to heavy rain.
The cancellation of the game
was due to heavy rain. Exercises Rewrite the following sentences twice with because, because of or due to. 1. Gary has bad temper. That’s why he got in trouble. 2. Many people have died this summer. The reason is hot weather. 3. I am greatly interested in food and beverages. Therefore, I want to go to a tourism academy. 4. There was a flood yesterday. That is why this road is closed.
