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    Biochip Protocols

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    khaled hamed
    biochip prtocol

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Biochip Protocols

    Uploaded by

    khaled hamed
    1 views2 pages
    biochip prtocol

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    biochip protocols

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    biochip prtocol

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views2 pages

    Biochip Protocols

    Uploaded by

    khaled hamed
    biochip prtocol

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    DNA microarrays and protein microarrays are both powerful tools
    used in molecular biology, but they serve different purposes and
    involve distinct protocols. Here's a comparison of their protocols and
    tools:

    DNA Microarrays
    Purpose: Used to detect and measure the expression of thousands
    of genes simultaneously, identify mutations, and study gene
    interactions.
    Protocol:
    1.Sample Preparation: Extract RNA from the sample and
    convert it to complementary DNA (cDNA) using reverse
    transcription.
    2.Labeling: Label the cDNA with fluorescent dyes (e.g., Cy3 and
    Cy5).
    3.Hybridization: Hybridize the labeled cDNA to the DNA probes
    on the microarray chip.
    4.Washing: Wash the chip to remove non-specifically bound
    cDNA.
    5.Scanning: Scan the chip using a microarray scanner to detect
    the fluorescent signals.
    6.Data Analysis: Analyze the data using software tools to
    determine gene expression levels and identify differentially
    expressed genes.
    Tools:
    ● Microarray Chips: Contain thousands of DNA probes.
    ● Microarray Scanner: Detects fluorescent signals.
    ● Software: Tools like GeneSpring, Partek, and R/Bioconductor
    for data analysis.

    Protein Microarrays
    Purpose: Used to study protein interactions, functions, and
    activities, as well as to detect antibodies and antigens.
    Protocol:
    7.Sample Preparation: Extract proteins from the sample.
    8.Labeling: Label the proteins or use labeled antibodies for
    detection.
    9.Arraying: Spot the proteins or antibodies onto a solid surface
    (e.g., glass slide, nitrocellulose membrane).
    10. Blocking: Block non-specific binding sites on the array
    surface.
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    11. Hybridization: Incubate the array with the sample to
    allow binding of target proteins or antibodies.
    12. Detection: Use a detection method (e.g., fluorescence,
    chemiluminescence) to visualize the bound proteins.
    13. Data Analysis: Analyze the data to determine protein
    interactions, concentrations, and activities.
    Tools:
    ● Protein Microarray Chips: Contain immobilized proteins or
    antibodies.
    ● Detection Systems: Fluorescence scanners,
    chemiluminescence detectors.
    ● Software: Tools like GenePix, ArrayVision, and R/Bioconductor
    for data analysis.

    Key Differences
    ● Labeling: In DNA microarrays, either the probe or target DNA
    is labeled, while in protein microarrays, typically only the
    probes are labeled.
    ● Applications: DNA microarrays are used for gene expression
    profiling, SNP detection, and comparative genomic
    hybridization. Protein microarrays are used for proteomics,
    diagnostics, and functional analysis of proteins 12.
    Would you like more detailed information on any specific aspect of
    these protocols or tools?
    1
    : BYJU'S 2: Genome.gov

    Source(s)
    1. Significant Differences between DNA and Protein Microarray - BYJU'S
    2. DNA Microarray Technology Fact Sheet - National Human Genome Research ...
    3. Protein Microarrays: Methods and Protocols | SpringerLink
    4. RNA and DNA Microarrays | SpringerLink

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