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    Microorganisms Reviewer Notes

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    MICROORGANISMS REVIEWER NOTES

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    Microorganisms Reviewer Notes

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    imeldarosete22
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    MICROORGANISMS REVIEWER NOTES

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    MICROORGANISMS REVIEWER NOTES

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    MICROORGANISMS REVIEWER NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views2 pages

    Microorganisms Reviewer Notes

    Uploaded by

    imeldarosete22
    MICROORGANISMS REVIEWER NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Study Guide: Microorganisms

    1. Introduction to Microorganisms
     Definition: Microorganisms are tiny, often single-celled organisms that can only be seen
    with a microscope. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae.
     Importance: They play crucial roles in various processes such as decomposition, nutrient
    cycling, and can influence health and disease.
    2. Types of Microorganisms
    1. Bacteria
    o Structure: Unicellular, prokaryotic, lack a nucleus.
    o Shapes: Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral).
    o Reproduction: Asexual reproduction through binary fission.
    o Examples: E. coli, Streptococcus.
    2. Viruses
    o Structure: Consist of a core of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a
    protein coat; not considered living organisms.
    o Reproduction: Require a host cell to replicate.
    o Examples: Influenza virus, HIV, SARS-CoV-2.
    3. Fungi
    o Structure: Can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (molds and mushrooms);
    eukaryotic.
    o Reproduction: Both sexual and asexual reproduction.
    o Examples: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Penicillium (mold).
    4. Protozoa
    o Structure: Unicellular, eukaryotic.
    o Movement: Often move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.
    o Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium.
    5. Algae
    o Structure: Can be unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic.
    o Photosynthesis: Most are photosynthetic, producing oxygen.
    o Examples: Chlorella, Spirogyra.
    3. Microorganisms in the Environment
     Decomposition: Break down organic matter into simpler compounds.
     Nitrogen Fixation: Convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.
     Symbiosis: Can form mutualistic relationships, such as in the human gut microbiome.
    4. Microorganisms and Human Health
     Pathogens: Cause diseases (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing tuberculosis).
     Beneficial Microbes: Help with digestion, produce vitamins (e.g., Vitamin K).
     Immune Response: The body’s defense mechanisms against harmful microorganisms.
    5. Laboratory Techniques
     Microscopy: Using microscopes to observe microorganisms.
     Culturing: Growing microorganisms in controlled environments (e.g., agar plates).
     Staining: Techniques such as Gram staining to differentiate bacterial species.
    6. Prevention and Control
     Hygiene: Regular hand washing and sanitation.
     Vaccination: To prevent viral infections.
     Antibiotics and Antivirals: Used to treat bacterial and viral infections, respectively.
    7. Key Terms
     Prokaryotic: Cells without a nucleus (bacteria).
     Eukaryotic: Cells with a nucleus (fungi, protozoa, algae).
     Binary Fission: A form of asexual reproduction in bacteria.
     Pathogen: An organism that causes disease.

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