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    Natamycin A Oelofse

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    Charles Mardini
    Natamycin is a natural antifungal compound used in some countries as a wine preservative but is illegal in many major wine markets; it can contaminate wine during winemaking or from grape concentrate and other sources, posing risks to the South African wine industry from rejected exports; alternatives to natamycin include potassium sorbate, DMDC, sterile filtration, and pasteurization which can provide microbial stability without risks of illegal residue detection.

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    Natamycin A Oelofse

    Uploaded by

    Charles Mardini
    246 views13 pages
    Natamycin is a natural antifungal compound used in some countries as a wine preservative but is illegal in many major wine markets; it can contaminate wine during winemaking or from grape concentrate and other sources, posing risks to the South African wine industry from rejected exports; alternatives to natamycin include potassium sorbate, DMDC, sterile filtration, and pasteurization which can provide microbial stability without risks of illegal residue detection.

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    Natamycin a Oelofse

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    Natamycin is a natural antifungal compound used in some countries as a wine preservative but is illegal in many major wine markets; it can contaminate wine during winemaking or from grape concentrate and other sources, posing risks to the South African wine industry from rejected exports; alternatives to natamycin include potassium sorbate, DMDC, sterile filtration, and pasteurization which can provide microbial stability without risks of illegal residue detection.

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    246 views13 pages

    Natamycin A Oelofse

    Uploaded by

    Charles Mardini
    Natamycin is a natural antifungal compound used in some countries as a wine preservative but is illegal in many major wine markets; it can contaminate wine during winemaking or from grape concentrate and other sources, posing risks to the South African wine industry from rejected exports; alternatives to natamycin include potassium sorbate, DMDC, sterile filtration, and pasteurization which can provide microbial stability without risks of illegal residue detection.

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    SASEV/SAWWV Na-Oes Betragting

    7 Mei 2010

    WINE CELLAR SERVICES (PTY) LTD.

    Adriaan Oelofse

    NATAMYCIN - whats the story -

    Latest Buzzword
    TCA Cork Taint Brett

    Burnt Rubber Aroma


    Smoke Taint

    TBA Taint

    NATAMYCIN
    STORY: What do you know about Natamycin? Where can I test it? Apparently in grape concentrate coming from Argentina?

    What is Natamycin?
    ORIGIN: (DSM Fact sheet)
    Antimicrobial substance (antimycotic)
    bacterium Streptomyces natalensis - soil micro-organism isolated in Natal naturally occurring and prevents growth of yeasts and moulds Bacteria are not affected by natamycin

    no colour, odour or taste


    white to yellow crystalline powder

    Where is it used?
    APPLICATIONS: Food: FDA approved in 1994

    Widely used as preservative


    - cheeses (whole, shredded, soft cheeses), - Other dairy products (yogurt) - sausages

    Some countries - juices, wine Medical: antifungal cream, in eyedrops, lozenges very effective in extremely small quantities prevents growth of most food spoilage moulds and yeasts Natamycin is applied in liquid sprays and dips or as powder

    During winemaking ?
    USE As antifungal agent (grape concentrate and wine) To prevent re-fermentation in the bottle (semi-sweet wine) To stop alcoholic fermentation Microbial stabilization after bottling
    Control Brettanomyces yeast spoilage

    LEGISLATION LIQUOR PRODUCTS ACT, ACT 60 OF 1989 Strictly prohibited to export bottled wine containing Natamycin to the EU, USA, Argentina, Chile, Canada, Australia and New Zealand use of Natamycin in certain countries is legal South Africa IMPACT (potential) 40 -50% of SA wine production exported to EU Brand damage & SA Wine Industry damage on international level

    Wine problem?
    Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee recommended quantities of Natamycin
    pose absolutely no threat to food safety or human health not toxic

    Recognition:
    EU has E number E235 (food additive) US - natamycin

    Where is the problem?


    not part of approved list of additives by OIV Can now test for it!

    Impact (Actual)
    Millions R spent on analysis South African wine under spotlight & Rejection costs Alternatives can be costly

    Sources of Natamycin
    Natamycin
    Pimaricin Natamax Delvocid Actistab

    In bottle

    grape concentrate
    corks vineyard additives microbes

    winemaking practices

    Developments
    Wineries implement strict QC protocols
    Alternatives

    Export Certificates (since 15 Jan 2010)

    NDA issue - export certificate and VI1 document Natamycin test compulsory for export

    Request from suppliers

    Declarations (Products free of Natamycin) COAs (Certificate of Analysis)


    CAF Central Analytical Facility Stellenbosch University NDA Department of Agriculture, Division liquor products PAREXEL Bioanalytical lab, Mosselbay Anything positive retested by another lab & instrument, then rejected Sold locally & other markets Treatments investigated Proper paperwork

    Analysis of Natamycin

    Rejected wines (Natamycin > 5 ug/L)

    Lab request (CAF)

    Important info
    Contamination sources
    PRIMARY GRAPE CONCENTRATE, AS DIRECT ADDITIVE SECONDARY wine tanks, during bottling & equipment, paper towels, carton boxes, un-used corks, water Clean: Water, Oak chips, most latest corks More than 5612, 187 positive, 4373 dry wines, Unsure of screwcap numbers, most natural corked and synthetic 12 German wines, all negative Need more Project funded (Dept Chemistry & CAF) Focus: Improved testing method & Breakdown products

    Lab analysis

    International wines tested

    WINETECH

    Illegal in EU, Korea, Japan, Chile, USA, AUS, NZ, Canada, Argentina, Georgia

    Alternatives
    ITS ABOUT MICROBIAL STABILITY!

    Potassium sorbate
    DMDC Velcorin Sterile filtration/ Cross flow Centrifugation Pasteurization

    PEF (Pulsed electric fields)

    Potassium Sorbate
    GENERAL

    Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.


    Food preservative (E number 202). effective in a variety of applications: food, wine and personal care.

    IN WINE
    Selective anti-fungal, anti-microbial properties inhibits yeast very effectively not effective against many bacteria Not added during MLF Active LAB metabolise and form Geranium-like smell (irreversible) MUST use with SO2 to control acetic acid and malolactic bacteria

    Very stable in wine.


    Legal limit: not exceed 200 mg/L

    Velcorin DMDC
    IN WINE
    Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC)

    approved by FDA, WHO, and EU (Food preservative E number 242) broad spectrum of effectiveness against spoilage microorganisms allowed in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, EU, USA, others
    Bottling process technology to prevent re-fermentation in wines effective against undesirable yeast like Brettanomyces to decrease the amount of SO2 used Breaks down completely into methanol and CO2 in hours Dosages 75 -200 mg/L depending on sugar concentration Added to wines >5g/l RS To help stabilize unfiltered premium wines: No influence on the sensory properties of the wine

    THANK YOU
    Central Analytical Facility (US) Dept Agriculture: Div Liquor Products Tel: 021 808 5825 Tel: 021 809 0224

    THALES WINE CELLAR SERVICES Email: [email protected]

    Tel: 021 887 1235

    Cellar hygiene & recommendations Audits & problem identification Risk prevention service Oenological products Barrel hygiene

    Wine treatment

    www.thaleswcs.co.za

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