SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY
SOCIETY
SEPTEMBER 11,2024
OBJECTIVES:
❖ Define Science, Technology and
Society;
❖ Intellectually knowledgeable
about the historical background
and antecedents of STS.
UNSCRAMBLE
THE
SCRABLED
WORDS
ETYSCOI
SOCIETY
SEICNEC
SCIENCE
CHETOONLGY

TECHNOLOGY
ETYSCOI
SOCIETY
YCARHEOTC
THEOCRACY
TSDO-TID
DOST-DTI
KILS RATDE
SILK TRADE
TNIEACN SEITM

ANCIENT
TIMES
NINEVIONT
INVENTION
 ❖ science is as old as the world itself.
Note: There is no study that exactly identify when a
SCIENCE
where science began however, biblical scholars ac
the notion that it started at the beginning of the crea
the world. (Genesis 1: 1)
TECHNOLOGY
❖ comes from the Greek word “techne” meaning
the “art or craft” and “logia”, meaning a “subject
or interest”. “philosophy of the natural world”
❖ Read Bain an American sociologist expounded
the meaning of technology which includes all
tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments,
communication and transportation devices
including the skills produce, and the use of by
these art or craft.
❖ the human attempt to change the world
SOCIETY
❖ group of individuals involved in persistent
social interaction, or a large social group
sharing the same geographical or social
territory, typically subject to the same
political authority and having the same
dominant cultural expectations.
Note:
Science and technology play a crucial role in
everyday life and transform the society of what it
has become now. They make difficult tasks easier
and allow people to do more with little effort and
time. They are the driving forces behind
globalization, and technological progress and
advancement to improve the quality of life among
the people.
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STS DURING
ANCIENT TIMES

❖ Started from the hunting and gathering societies that relied

primarily on hunting wild animals, fishing and gathering wild
fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support life. Sometime
later more than ten thousand years ago, they began to
domesticate plants and animals adopted indigenous tools and
became agricultural societies following the invention of
agriculture, pastoralism, or horticulture. Domestication led to
specialization of work that involves the creation of specialized
tools such as fishing nets, hooks, sharp or pointed stones, and
animal bones. As the number and size of agricultural societies
increased, they expanded, and they became mobile leading to
the development of the communal-tribal communities.
 SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

❖ One of the earliest known civilizations in human history,

emerging around 5500 BCE in the historical region of southern
Mesopotamia
❖ Sumer was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, an
area often referred to as the “ Cradle of Civilization ” due to its
early development of urban culture.
❖ The Sumerians are credited with many significant inventions
and innovation, including the development of writing, the wheel,
and early forms of mathematics and astronomy.
❖ Sumer was not a unified nation but a collection of city-states,
each with its own ruler. Some of the most famous Sumerian
cities include, Ur, Uruk and Eridu.
 SUMERIAN INVENTION
❑ Cuneiform - a system that utilizes word pictures and triangular
symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and
left to dry. Cuneiform allowed the Sumerians to keep records of
the things with great historical value.
❑ Great Ziggurat of Ur - The construction of the Great Ziggurat
of Ur began under King Ur-Nammu of the Third Dynasty of Ur
(about the 21 st century B.C.), and was completed by his son,
King Shulgi. T
-The Great Ziggurat of Ur was dedicated to the moon god
Nanna, who was the patron deity of the city. As the
Mesopotamian gods were commonly linked to the eastern
mountains, the ziggurat may have functioned as a representation
of their homes. Thus, the people of Ur believed that their
ziggurat was the place on earth where Nanna chose to dwell.
--The ziggurat was built of sun-dried mud brick
❑ CITY OF URUK- Emerged as a small farming community on
the banks of the Euphrates River.
- Known with their "agricultural theocracy“
-As the settlement grew, it became a significant trade hub, attracting
people from various regions and
cultures fueled by its strategic location and its ability
to control the flow of goods along the Euphrates River.
❑ Dikes and Irrigation- Bring water to farmlands and at the same time
control the flooding of the rivers.
Boats and Sailboats –
1.Reed Boats
Made from bundles of reeds tied together and coated with bitumen for
waterproofing.
Lightweight and primarily used for short-distance travel and fishing.
2. Sailboats
Built from wood and papyrus, with sails made of linen and papyrus.
Typically rectangular or square in shape.
Used for longer-distance trade, enabling Sumerians to transport goods
along the Tigris and Euphrates.
 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

❖ Egyptian Civilization is famous for its legacy especially in

infrastructures and engineering technology.
❖ Pyramids which were built by pharaohs of the ancient times
❖ First invented the paper or “papyrus” and the ink
❖ The Egyptians also developed a system of writing using
symbols known as “hieroglyphics”.
❖ The Egyptians also invented the use of cosmetics for both
health and aesthetics reasons, and wigs for health and
wellness.
❖ water clock, a device that utilizes gravity from one jar to
another jar, and was used as timekeeping device during the
ancient times.
 GREEK CIVILIZATION
❖ Greece is known as the birthplace of western philosophy and
mathematics. The Greek civilization contributed much to the
present world especially in the fields of science and
technology.
❖ Coliseums and the Olympics
❖ Alarm Clock to tell the person when to start and when to stop
with a whistling noise
❖ Water Mill which is commonly used till this time in agricultural
process like milling, and is considered better than mills powered
by farm animals.
 ROMAN CIVILIZATION
❖ The Roman Empire is so huge and other civilizations looked to
them as a model in terms of legislations and codified laws
❖ considered the cradle of politics and governance at that time
❖ newspapers, bound books, codes, Roman architecture,
and Roman numerals.
❖ Roman architecture : cathedral and basilica churches,
aqueducts, amphitheatres, and Roman residential
buildings.
 CHINESE CIVILIZATION
❖ Silk is one of the things that connected China to the rest of the
World. Silk is naturally produced by silk worms. The silk trade
opened China to the rest of the world, making a way for
cultural, economic, and philosophical exchanges.
❖ The tea production was believed discovered and developed
by an unknown Chinese inventor who created a machine that
was able to shred tea leaves into strips.
❖ The Great Wall of China is the only man made structure that
can be seen from the outer space. It is believed the greatest
and the most extensive infrastructure built in China to keep
invaders and protect the borders of China.
❖ The gunpowder is one of the deadliest and fascinating
inventions in China. It is widely used to propel bullets from guns
and cannons which caused countless deaths
 MIDDLE AGES/MEDIEVAL PERIOD
❖ Dark Ages - between the fall of Roman Empire and the
beginning of the Renaissance .
❖ High Middle Ages - the population of Europe increased greatly
as technological and agricultural innovation allowed trade to
flourish, and the climate change allowed crop yields to
increase.
❖ Late Middle Ages - marked by difficulties, calamities, famine,
and the plague. War significantly diminished the population of
Europe as one third of Europeans were killed. But sometime
later, there was a significant rise in population which led to the
increase in trade and commerce resulting to greater demands
of transportation technology.
-also known as the Age of Exploration
 MIDDLE AGES/MEDIEVAL PERIOD
❖ Printing press- Johann Gutenberg
❖ Microscope
❖ Telescope
❖ War weapons
❖ Compass
❖ Oars
❖ Rudders
❖ Crow bows and long bows
❖ Iron body armors
❖ Chainmail
 MODERN TIME
❖ According to Chris Howell, modern times began from the
Industrial Revolution in 1900’s and continuous to the
contemporary period. All forms of warfare during this time are
based on technological advances. Western civilization global
expansion and integration of regions positively advanced
through sea, air, and land technologies invented during the
period.
❖ The rapid rate of change led to unprecedented access to high
technology weapons such as; biological weapons, rocketry,
travel jets, nuclear weapons-weapons of mass destruction,
jet bombers, computers, radar, sonar, machine guns, and
Global Positioning System (GPS).
❖ Louise Pasteur,
a French biologist, microbiologist, and a chemist invented
pasteurization, the process of preserving dairy products by
heating the products to kill the harmful bacteria for milk and
other dairy products to be stored much longer and consumed
later without being spoilt.
-molecular asymmetry, fermentation, and vaccination
❖ Samuel M. Kier
invented kerosene referred to “illuminating oil” to refine
petroleum to provide lighting to homes, and later used for
heating purposes.
❖ Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone
 PHILIPPINE INVENTION
❖ Victor Llave and his team at H2O Technologies invented the
“salamander”, an amphibious tricyles that can cross not only
flooded streets but also rivers and lakes
❖ . AisaMijeno invented the Sustainable Alternative Lighting
(SALt) lamp, a lighting system that utilizes material abundant in
the Philippines- the salt water.
❖ Dr. Fe delMundo, a Filipino paediatrician devised a medical
incubator made from indigenous materials to maintain
conditions suitable for new born babies usually premature one
- immunization treatment for jaundice and the “brat diet” for
curing diarrhea
 PHILIPPINE INVENTION
❖ The Department of Science and Technology-Industrial
Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI) invented a
mosquito trap system known as Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap Sysytem or OL Trap for humans to
be safe from mosquito-borne viral illness which is endemic in
tropical and subtropical climate like the Philippines.
❖ The innovative skills and abilities of Filipinos converted
the American military jeeps used in WW II into something
useful to accommodate more passengers into jeepneys.