1) Which of the following is a characteristic of a mean?

(a) The sum of deviations from the mean is zero

(b) It minimises the sum of squared deviations
(c) It is affected by extreme scores
(d) All of the above
2) Percentiles divide a series into ______.
(a) Ten equal parts
(b) Twenty equal parts
(c) Fifty equal parts
(d) Hundred equal parts
3) Which of the following are methods under measures of dispersion?
(a) Standard deviation
(b) Mean deviation
(c) Range
(d) All of the above
4) Which of the following are characteristics of a good measure of dispersion?
(a) It should be easy to calculate
(b) It should be based on all the observations within a series
(c) It should not be affected by the fluctuations within the sampling
(d) All of the above
5) If all the observations within a series are multiplied by five, then __________.
(a) The new standard deviation would be decreased by five
(b) The new standard deviation would be increased by five
(c) The new standard deviation would be half of the previous standard deviation
(d) The new standard deviation would be multiplied by five

6) The coefficient of variation is a percentage expression for __________.

(a) Standard deviation
(b) Quartile deviation
(c) Mean deviation
(d) None of the above
7) While calculating the standard deviation, the deviations are only taken from
________.
(a) The mode value of a series
(b) The median value of a series
(c) The quartile value of a series
(d) The mean value of a series
8) Which of the following is true for the coefficient of correlation?
(a) The coefficient of correlation is not dependent on the change of scale
(b) The coefficient of correlation is not dependent on the change of origin
(c) The coefficient of correlation is not dependent on both the change of scale and
change of origin
(c) None of the above

9) For the LP problem minimise z = 2x + 3y the coordinates of the corner points of the bounded
feasible region are A(18, 12), B(20, 3), C(20, 10), D(18, 12) E(12, 12). The minimum value of
z is
(a) 49 (c) 10
(b) 15 (d) 5
10) A 2% random sample each with a numeric serial number, is to be selected. A
random number between 0 and 49 is chosen and it turns out to be 14, customers
with serial numbers 14, 64, 114, 164, 214 etc are chosen as the sample. This type
of sampling is
(a) Simple sampling (b) Stratified sampling
(c) quota (d) Systematic
11) If X N (µ, 𝛔), the standard normal variate is distributed as:
(a) N(1, 0) (b) N(0, 1) (c) N(µ, 0) (d) N(0, 𝛔)
12) Magnitude of scores is included in which of the central tendency measures?
(a) Median
(b) Mode
(c) Mean
(d) None

13) Which one of the following statements best describes the range measure?
(a) It gives us the highest and lowest scores in a data set
(b) It gives us the lowest and highest scores in a data set
(c) It is always greater than or equal to the mean of a data set
(d) None of the above
14) For the LP problem maximize z = 2x + 3y. The coordinates of the corner points of the
bounded feasible region are A(3, 3), B(20, 3), C(20, 10), D(18, 12) and E(12, 12). The
maximum value of z is
(a) 72 (c) 80
(b) 82 (d) 70
15) A transportation is known as balance transportation, if
(a) Total demand is less than total supply
(b) Total demand is greater than total supply
(c) Total demand is not equal to total supply
(d) Total demand is equal to total supply
 16) While calculating the standard deviation, the deviations are only taken from ________.
(a) The mode value of a series
(b) The median value of a series
(c) The quartile value of a series
(d) The mean value of a series

17) What does the standard deviation measure?

(a) The spread of a data set.

(b) How much a data set is spread from its mean?
(c) How much a data set is spread from another data set or the mean of another data
set.
(d) None of the above
18) For the LP problem Minimise z = 2x + 3y the coordinates of the corner points of the
bounded feasible region are A(18, 12), B(20, 3), C(20, 10), D(18, 12) E(12, 12). The
minimum value of z is
(a) 49 (c) 10
(b) 15 (d) 5

19) The coefficient of variation is a percentage expression for __________.

(a) Standard deviation
(b) Quartile deviation
(c) Mean deviation
(d) None of the above
20) While calculating the standard deviation, the deviations are only taken from ________.
(a) The mode value of a series
(b) The median value of a series
(c) The quartile value of a series
(d) The mean value of a series
21) The average of squared deviations from the arithmetic mean is known as ___________.
(a) Quartile deviation
(b) Standard deviation
(c) Variance
(d) None of the above
22) Which of these statements is True?

(a) The sample distribution is the same as that of the population from which it came.
(b) If a data set is symmetrical, then the mean, median, and standard deviation are equal.
(c) If a data set is skewed, the mean and standard deviation are not necessarily equal.
(d) None of the above
23) What is an assumption when a data set is normally distributed?

(a) The central tendency of populations is always equal to or greater than some constant.
(b) Data points in a data set are, on average, equally spaced.
(c) It has a standard deviation equal to 1.
(d) All of the above
24. The objective function of a linear programming problem is
(a) A constant
(b) A function to be optimized
(c) An inequality
(d) quadratic equation
Use the information below to answer question 25 and 26
The following scores were obtained by eleven footballers in a goal-shoot competition:
5 3 6 8 7 8 3 11 6 3 2
25) The modal score was
(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 11

26). The median score was

(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 11
27) The standard deviation of a set of 90 observations is 105. If the value of each observation is
decreased by 9, then the new standard deviation of these observations would be ________.
(a) 96
(b) 100
(c) 105
(d) None of the above
28) The optimal value of the objective function is attained at the points
(a) Given by intersection of lines representing in equations with axes only
(b) Given by intersection of lines representing in equations with x-axis
(c) Given by corner points of the feasible region
(d) At the origin
29) In the regression equation Y = 21 - 3X, the slope is
(a) 21 (b) -21
(c) 3 (d) -3
30) The area under a standard normal curve is?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) ∞
(d) Not defined
31 The mean of ten numbers is 58. If one of the numbers is 40,
What is the mean of the other nine?
(a) 18
(b) 60
(c) 162
(d) 540

32 The mean of 11 numbers is 7. One of the numbers, 13, is deleted.

What is the mean of the remaining 10 numbers?
(a) 7.7
(b) 6.4
(c) 6.0
(d) 5.8
33) Which one of the following is not the correct property of normal distribution?
(a) Continuous distribution
(b) Equality of central values (mean, median and mode)
(c) Standard deviation is the sole parameter of the distribution
(d) Uni-modal distribution
34) The normal probability density function curve is symmetrical about the mean, µ, i.e. the
area to the right of the mean is the same as the area to the left of the mean. This means
that P(X<µ) =P(X>µ) is equal to:
(a) 0 (c) 0.5
(b) 1 (d) 0.25
35) A normal distribution has the mean µ=200. If 70 percent of the area under the curve lies
to the left of 220, the area to the right of 220 is:
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.7
36) The coefficient of correlation for a problem was calculated to be 0.36. The coefficient of
determination for this would be
(a) 0.6 (b) either -.6 or +.6
(c) 0.13 (d) 0.36
37) A random variable has a normal distribution with the mean µ= 400. If 80 percent of the
area under the curve lies to the left of 500, the area between 400 and 500 is:
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) zero
38) The process of constructing a mathematical model or function that can be used to predict
or determine one variable by another variable is called
(a) Regression (b) Correlation
(c) Residual (d) Outlier plot
39) ________ divides the data into four equal parts.
(a) Median
(b) Quartiles
(c) Mean
(d) None of the above
40) What is the mean of the following numbers: 23, 45, 87, 40, 50?
(a) 49
(b) 34
(c) 56
(d) None of the above
41) If the values of two variables move in the opposite direction, ___________
(a) The correlation is said to be linear
(b) The correlation is said to be non-linear
(c) The correlation is said to be positive
(d) The correlation is said to be negative

42) What is the standard deviation measure?

(a) It measures how much a data set is spread from its mean.
(b) It measures how much a data set is spread from another data set.
(c) It indicates how closely related two or more sets are in terms of their respective means,
medians, and quantiles.
(d) All the above
43) Which of the following are methods under measures of dispersion?
(a) Standard deviation (c) Range
(b) Mean deviation (d) All of the above
44) While calculating the standard deviation, the deviations are only taken from ________.
(a) The mode value of a series
(b) The median value of a series
(c) The quartile value of a series
(d) The mean value of a series
45) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using mean?
(a) It is affected by extreme values
(b) It cannot be computed in grouped data with open-ended class intervals
(c) It does not possess the desired algebraic property
(d) None of the above
46) Normal Distribution is applied for ___________
(a) Continuous Random Distribution
(b) Discrete Random Variable
(c) Irregular Random Variable
(d) Uncertain Random Variable
47) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good measure of dispersion?
(a) It should be rigidly defined
(b) It should be based on extreme values
(c) It should be capable of further mathematical treatment and statistical analysis
(d) None of the above
48) The average of squared deviations from the arithmetic mean is known as ___________.
(a) Quartile deviation
(b) Standard deviation
(c) Variance
(d) None of the above
49) The measures used to calculate the variation present among the observations relative to their
average is called:
(a) Coefficient of kurtosis (b) Absolute measures of dispersion
(c) Quartile deviation (d) Relative measures of dispersion
50) Mode refers to the value within a series that occurs ________ number of times.
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) Infinite
51) If the values of two variables move in the opposite direction, ___________
(a) The correlation is said to be linear
(b) The correlation is said to be non-linear
(c) The correlation is said to be positive
(d) The correlation is said to be negative
52) The average daily wage of 100 workers in a shipyard was GHȻ 200, with a standard
deviation of 40. Now, if each worker gets an increment of 20% in their wages, how will it
affect the mean wage?
(a) The mean wage will remain unchanged (c) The mean wage will be GHȻ 240
(b) The mean wage will be increased by 20% (d) Both b and c
53) The range of the values -5, -8, -10, 0, 6, 10 is:
(a) 0 (b) 10
(c) -10 (d) 20
54) If there are many extreme scores on all examination, the dispersion is:
(a) Large (c) Normal
(b) Small (d) Symmetric
55) Find the mode of the following distribution of ages
Age (years) 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49

Number of employees 2 14 29 43 33 9

(a) 36 (b) 37.92 (c) 38 (d) 39

56) The independent variable is used to explain the dependent variable in ________.
(a) Linear regression analysis
(b) Multiple regression analysis
(c) Non-linear regression analysis
(d) None of the above
57) Given below the four sets of observations. Which set has the minimum variation?
(a) 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 (b) 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
(c) 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 (d) 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
58) Which of the following techniques is an analysis of the relationship between two variables to
help provide the prediction mechanism?
(a) Standard error
(b) Correlation
(c) Regression
(d) None of the above
59) The measure of dispersion which uses only two observations is called:
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Range (d) Coefficient of variation
60) The range of the scores 29, 3, 143, 27, 99 is:
(a) 140 (c) 146
(b) 143 (d) 70

Section B

1. Distinguish between primary data and secondary data

2. State four (4) advantages of census method of data collection.

3. Suppose a company splits its home sales area into three regions, each having a sales
representative. Over a particular period, representative A averages GH¢86.42 per sale
from 24 sales, representative B GH¢112.91 from 37 sales and representative C,
GH¢104.22 from 25 sales. Calculate the weighted mean sales.
2 marks
4. (a) The following data describes the sale of Motor vanss and their selling prices

Selling price(thousands of GH¢) Frequency

12 and under 15 8
15 and under 18 20
18 and under 21 17
21 and under 24 16
24 and under 27 10
27 and under 30 6
30 and under 33 1
33 and under36 2
Total 80

You are required to determine the estimated mean selling price of the cars
(b) Distinguish between discrete and continuous data

5. (a) Estimate the median for the following data, which represents the ages of a set of 130
representatives who took part in a statistical survey.

Age in years 20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 45 and

under 25 under 30 under 35 under 40 under 45 under 50

Number of 4 12 28 44 30 12
representatives

(b) What will make a researcher prefer a sample method of data collection to a survey
method?
6. Your company manufacture components for use in the production of motor bikes. The number
of components produced each day over fort-day period is tabulated below.

553 526 521 528 538 523 538 546 524 544
532 554 517 549 512 528 523 510 555 545
524 512 525 543 532 533 519 521 536 534
541 535 531 551 535 519 530 549 518 531
 (a) Draw a frequency distribution table
(b) Establish the value of the standard deviation of the distribution.

7. (a) The Edwards’s Theater chain has studied its movie customers to determine how much money
they spend on concessions. The study revealed that the spending distribution is approximately
normally distributed with a mean of GH¢4.11 and a standard deviation of GH¢1.37. What
percentage of customers will spend less than GH¢3.00 on concessions? (5 marks)

(b) What spending amount corresponds to the top 87th percentile? (5 marks)

8. Marks and Spencer plc

Year 1977 1978 1979 11980 1981 1982

Turnover (GH¢10m) 106 125 147 167 187 220

Profit before taxation (GH¢10m) 10 12 16 17 18 22

(a) Plot a scatter diagram showing the relationship between profit before taxation and turn
over. (3 marks)
(b) Calculate the least squares regression line of profit before taxation and turnover.
(5 marks)
(c) Comment generally on your results. (2 marks)

9. Briefly explain the following;

a. Mean
b. Median

10. What is the median of the following set of values?

a. 4 19 6 25 2 11 15 16 17 5 21 7

11. A probability sampling method in which every member of the population is listed with
a number, individuals are chosen at regular intervals to constitute the sample is
known as?

12. A probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into
subpopulations that may differ in important ways, to allow you draw more precise
 conclusions by ensuring that every subgroup is properly represented in the sample is
termed?

13. Why is the study of dispersion important?

14. Give two (2) features of correlation coefficient

15. In which two (2) ways is regression different from correlation.

16. Maria has an online shop where she sells handmade paintings and cards. She sells the
painting for GHȻ50 and the card for GHȻ 20. It takes her 2 hours to complete 1
painting and 45 minutes to make a single card. She also has a day job and makes
paintings and cards in her free time. She cannot spend more than 15 hours a week to
make paintings and cards. Additionally, she should make not more than 10 paintings
and cards per week.

She makes a profit of GHȻ 25 on painting and GHȻ 15 on each card. How many
paintings and cards should she make each week to maximize her profit.
10 marks

17) a) Define the following;

a. Descriptive statistics
b. Inferential statistics

b) The following data relate to the number of successful sales made by the salesmen
employed by a large microcomputer firm in a particular quarter.
Number of sales Number of salesmen
0-4 1
5-9 14
10-14 23
15-19 21
20-24 15
25-29 6
Total 80

Calculate the mean number of sales

18 a) Estimate the mode of the following distribution of ages
Age 20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 45and
(years) under 25 under 30 under 35 under 40 under 45 under 50
Number of 2 14 29 43 33 9
employees

b) Suppose a company splits its home sales area into three regions, each having a sales
representative. Over a particular period, representative A averages GH¢86.42 per
sale from 24 sales, representative B GH¢112.91 from 37 sales and representative C,
GH¢104.22 from 25 sales. Calculate the weighted mean sales.
4 marks
19. a) A sample of the amounts paid for parking on Saturday at the LUCG parking garage was
organized into the following frequency distribution:
Amount Paid (GH¢) Number
0.30 and under 0.60 2
0.60 and under 0.90 7
0.90 and under 1.20 15
1.20 and under 1.50 28
1.50 and under 1.80 14
1.80 and under 2.10 9
2.10 and under 2.40 3
2.40 an under 2.70 2

Based on the above data, you are required to calculate the mean deviation amount paid.
b) Briefly distinguish between a times series data and cross-sectional data

20. a) The Annual Food Expenditure and Net Income of a Sample of Ten Families in a
Metropolitan Area.

Family Annual Food Expenditure Annual Net Income

(GH¢ Hundreds) (GH¢ Thousands)

A 22 8
B 23 10
C 18 7
D 9 2
E 14 4
F 20 6
G 21 7
 H 18 6
I 16 4
J 19 6

Fit a regression line to these data. (regress expenditure on income)

(b) Estimate the median for the following data, which present the ages of a set of 130
representatives who took part in a statistical survey.
(9 marks)

Age in years 20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 45 and

under 25 under 30 under 35 under 40 under 45 under
50
Number of 2 14 29 43 33 9
representatives