JavaScript Notes

External JavaScript file
We can create external JavaScript file and embed it in many html page.
It provides code re usability because single JavaScript file can be used in several html
pages.
An external JavaScript file must be saved by .js extension. It is recommended to embed all
JavaScript files into a single file. It increases the speed of the webpage.
1.Message.js
2. function msg(){
3. alert("Hello Javatpoint");
4. }
Use of external java script file in html

1. <html>
2. <head>
3. <script type="text/javascript" src="message.js"></script>
4. </head>
5. <body>
6. <p>Welcome to JavaScript</p>
7. <form>
8. <input type="button" value="click" onclick="msg()"/>
9. </form>
10. </body>
11. </html>
Advantages of External JavaScript

There will be following benefits if a user creates an external javascript:
1. It helps in the reusability of code in more than one HTML file.
2. It allows easy code readability.
3. It is time-efficient as web browsers cache the external js files, which further reduces
the page loading time.
4. It enables both web designers and coders to work with html and js files parallelly and
separately, i.e., without facing any code conflictions.
5. The length of the code reduces as only we need to specify the location of the js file.
Disadvantages of External JavaScript

There are the following disadvantages of external files:
1. The stealer may download the coder's code using the url of the js file.
2. If two js files are dependent on one another, then a failure in one file may affect the
execution of the other dependent file.
3. The web browser needs to make an additional http request to get the js code.
4. A tiny to a large change in the js code may cause unexpected results in all its
dependent files.
5. We need to check each file that depends on the commonly created external
javascript file.
6. If it is a few lines of code, then better to implement the internal javascript code.
Java script variables

A JavaScript variable is simply a name of storage location. There are two types of
variables in JavaScript : local variable and global variable.
There are some rules while declaring a JavaScript variable (also known as identifiers).
1. Name must start with a letter (a to z or A to Z), underscore( _ ), or dollar( $ ) sign.
2. After first letter we can use digits (0 to 9), for example value1.
3. JavaScript variables are case sensitive, for example x and X are different variables.
Local variable
1. <script>
2. var x = 10;
3. var y = 20;
4. var z=x+y;
5. document.write(z);
6. </script>
JavaScript global variable

A JavaScript global variable is accessible from any function. A variable i.e. declared
outside the function or declared with window object is known as global variable. For
example:
1. <script>
2. var data=200;//gloabal variable
3. function a(){
4. document.writeln(data);
5. }
6. function b(){
7. document.writeln(data);
8. }
9. a();//calling JavaScript function
10. b();
11. </script>
A JavaScript global variable is declared outside the function or declared with window
object. It can be accessed from any function.
***
Declaring JavaScript global variable within function

To declare JavaScript global variables inside function, you need to use window object
1. function m(){
2. window.value=100;//declaring global variable by window object
3. }
4. function n(){
5. alert(window.value);//accessing global variable from other function
6. }
When you declare a variable outside the function, it is added in the window object internally.
You can access it through window object also.
JavaScript provides different data types to hold different types of values. There are two
types of data types in JavaScript.
1. Primitive data type
2. Non-primitive (reference) data type
JavaScript is a dynamic type language, means you don't need to specify type of the
variable because it is dynamically used by JavaScript engine. You need to use var here to
specify the data type. It can hold any type of values such as numbers, strings etc. For
example:
1. var a=40;//holding number
2. var b="Rahul";//holding string
JavaScript primitive data types

There are five types of primitive data types in JavaScript. They are as follows:
Data Type Description
String represents sequence of characters e.g. "hello"
Number represents numeric values e.g. 100
Boolean represents boolean value either false or true

Undefined represents undefined value
Null represents null i.e. no value at all
JavaScript non-primitive data types

Data Type Description
Object represents instance through which we can access members
Array represents group of similar values
RegExp represents regular expression
JavaScript Operators
JavaScript operators are symbols that are used to perform operations on operands. For
example:
1. var sum=10+20;
Here, + is the arithmetic operator and = is the assignment operator.
There are following types of operators in JavaScript.
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators
3. Bitwise Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Special Operators
JavaScript Special Operators

The following operators are known as JavaScript special operators.
Operator Description
(?:) Conditional Operator returns value based on the condition. It is like if-else.
, Comma Operator allows multiple expressions to be evaluated as single statement.

delete Delete Operator deletes a property from the object.
in In Operator checks if object has the given property
instanceof checks if the object is an instance of given type
new creates an instance (object)
typeof checks the type of object.
void it discards the expression's return value.
yield checks what is returned in a generator by the generator's iterator.
BOM and DOM

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External JavaScript file

Use of external java script file in html

Advantages of External JavaScript

Disadvantages of External JavaScript

Java script variables

JavaScript global variable

Declaring JavaScript global variable within function

JavaScript primitive data types

Data Type Description

String represents sequence of characters e.g. "hello"

Number represents numeric values e.g. 100

Boolean represents boolean value either false or true

Null represents null i.e. no value at all

JavaScript non-primitive data types

Object represents instance through which we can access members

Array represents group of similar values

RegExp represents regular expression

JavaScript Special Operators

, Comma Operator allows multiple expressions to be evaluated as single statement.

in In Operator checks if object has the given property

instanceof checks if the object is an instance of given type

new creates an instance (object)

typeof checks the type of object.

void it discards the expression's return value.

yield checks what is returned in a generator by the generator's iterator.

BOM and DOM

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