EE6(PS2)

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Semester VI (Third year]

Branch/Course Electrical Engineering

PCC-EE23 Power Systems – II 3L:0T:0P 3 credits

Course Outcomes:

At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to Use
numerical methods to analyse a power system in steady state.
• Understand stability constraints in a synchronous grid.
• Understand methods to control the voltage, frequency and power flow.
• Understand the monitoring and control of a power system.
• Understand the basics of power system economics.

Module 1: Power Flow Analysis (7 hours)


Review of the structure of a Power System and its components. Analysis of Power Flows: Formation
of Bus Admittance Matrix. Real and reactive power balance equations at a node. Load and
Generator Specifications. Application of numerical methods for solution of non-linear algebraic
equations – Gauss Seidel and Newton-Raphson methods for the solution of the power flow
equations. Computational Issues in Large-scale Power Systems.
Module 2: Stability Constraints in synchronous grids (8 hours)
Swing Equations of a synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus. Power angle curve.
Description of the phenomena of loss of synchronism in a single-machine infinite bus system
following a disturbance like a three—phase fault. Analysis using numerical integration of swing
equations (using methods like Forward Euler, Runge-Kutta 4th order methods), as well as the Equal
Area Criterion. Impact of stability constraintson Power System Operation. Effect of generation
rescheduling and series compensation of transmission lines on stability.
Module 3: Control of Frequency and Voltage (7 hours)
Turbines and Speed-Governors, Frequency dependence of loads, Droop Control and Power
Sharing. Automatic Generation Control. Generation and absorption of reactive power by various
components of a Power System. Excitation System Control in synchronous generators, Automatic
Voltage Regulators. Shunt Compensators, Static VAR compensators and STATCOMs. Tap Changing
Transformers.
Power flow control using embedded dc links, phase shifters and
Module 4: Monitoring and Control (6 hours)
Overview of Energy Control Centre Functions: SCADA systems. Phasor Measurement Units and
Wide-Area Measurement Systems. State-estimation. System Security Assessment. Normal, Alert,
Emergency, Extremis states of a Power System. Contingency Analysis. Preventive Control and
Emergency Control.
Module 5: Fault Analysis and Protection Systems (10 hours)
Method of Symmetrical Components (positive, negative and zero sequences). Balanced and
Unbalanced Faults. Representation of generators, lines and transformers in sequence networks.
Computation of Fault Currents. Neutral Grounding.

Text/References:
1. J. Grainger and W. D. Stevenson, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education,1994.
2. O. I. Elgerd, “Electric Energy Systems Theory”, McGraw Hill Education,1995.
3. A. R. Bergen and V. Vittal, “Power System Analysis”, Pearson Education Inc.,1999.
4. D. P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, “Modern Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education,2003.
5. B. M. Weedy, B. J. Cory, N. Jenkins, J. Ekanayake and G. Strbac, “Electric Power Systems”, Wiley,
2012.

PCC-EE24: Power Systems-II Laboratory (0:0:2 – 1 credit)


Hands-on and computational experiments related to the course contents of EE20. This should
include
programmingofnumericalmethodsforsolutionofthepowerflowproblemandstabilityanalysis.Visit to
load dispatch centre is suggested.

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