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    Control Mechanisms Worksheet Answers

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    Control Mechanisms Worksheet Answers

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    control_mechanisms_worksheet_answers

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    Worksheet

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 views2 pages

    Control Mechanisms Worksheet Answers

    Uploaded by

    Kiwi cute07
    Worksheet

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Control Mechanisms (lac & trp operons)

    1. Complete the comparison of the lac Operon and the trp Operons as a means of gene regulation

    lac Operon trp Operon

    Regulates lactose breakdown tryptophan


    production of:

    Number of genes 3 - lactose is an inducer, it 5 - tryptophan is a corepressor, it


    binds to repressor binds to repressor protein activating it
    and how they are protein preventing its binding to operator & so it binds to operator, stopping
    controlled induces transcription of genes transcription of genes

    What binds to the repressor protein -


    operator & when corepresser binds to operator when trp
    when little/no
    is present
    does this occur lactose is present

    High levels of what


    substance affects
    lactose - turns operon ON tryptophan - turns operon OFF
    how this operon
    how?

    2. Why are genes under regulation?


    To save energy, avoid over production of proteins, preserve cell/organism’s resources

    3. What is the function of the promoter?


    binds RNA polymerase to begin transcription

    4. What is the function of the operator?


    bind repressor to turn OFF transcription
    5. What happens if lactose levels are low? Put the following list in order (1-5)

    5 RNA polymerase is blocked from transcribing the genes for the lactose metabolizing enzymes

    4 When RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, it cannot get past the LacI repressor protein
    The enzymes β-galactosidase, β-galactoside permease, and transacetylase are not required by the cell due to low
    1 levels of lactose

    2 Lactose does not bind to the repressor protein, LacI


    3 LacI, a repressor protein, is bound to the operator, which follows the promoter

    6. What happens if tryptophan levels are high? Put the following list in order (1-4)

    3 The trp repressor-tryptophan complex can now bind to the operator of the trp operon
    1 Tryptophan does not need to be produced by the trp operon
    2 Tryptophan will bind to the repressor protein, changing its conformation
    4 RNA polymerase is blocked from transcribing the genes needed to synthesize tryptophan

    7. The gene that regulates the production of the LacI protein is found further upstream of the lac operon. Explain
    the potential ramifications to the functioning of the lac operon and the production of its products under the
    following conditions:
    a) A mutation is found in the LacI gene repressor protein not formed properly
    b) A mutation is found in the second gene of the lac operon enzymes needed to breakdown lactose not
    working properly
    c) The RNA polymerase has difficulty binding to the promoter
    limited / no transcription of genes

    8. A researcher was trying to determine whether two molecules (A and B) were corepressors or inducers in their
    respective operon systems. Data was collected regarding the levels of protein and the amount of gene
    transcription for the genes in their respective operons. The data is shown below.
    Level of protein Transcription of gene 1 Transcription of gene 2
    Molecule A High Low Low
    Low High High
    Molecule B High High High
    low low Low
    B = inducer, when high levels there is A = corepresser, when high levels there is low
    high transcription transcription
    a) Determine whether molecule A and molecule B are inducers or corepressors. Justify your answers.
    b) Identify which system resembles the lac operon system and which resembles the trp operons
    system B - lac operon, A - Trp operon

    c) State a generality about operon systems involving an inducer and about operon systems involving a
    corepressor. Inducers increase transcription
    Corepressers decrease transcription

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