Introduction To Java

Java Programming
Topperworld.in
Introduction to java
• Java is a widely used high-level, robust, object-oriented, secure

programming language and platform. Java was created in 1995 by Sun
Microsystems (now an Oracle company). James Gosling is regarded as the
“Father of Java.” It was called Oak before Java by Oracle. The name Oak
was changed to Java by Oracle’s James Gosling and his team because Oak
was already a registered company. In this article, we will cover the
Introduction to java.
• Java is an object oriented, case sensitive, class based programming
language that is portable and platform-independent, meaning that Java
code can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.
❖ Features In Java Programming
Let’s see the various features provided by Java.
1. Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)
Object-oriented programming (OOPs) organizes software design and logic

around objects, classes, and data rather than procedures or functions.
Object-oriented programming means to leverages real-world techniques to
develop application code while keeping data security and integrity at the
forefront of design. There are four fundamental pillars of Object-oriented
programming, and these are as follows:
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Java Programming
• Encapsulation:- It is a term used in Object-Oriented Programming to

denote the practice of combining data and its associated functions into
a single unit. This is similar to a real-world scenario in a firm, where
separate departments such as accounts, finance, and sales conduct
specific responsibilities and retain relevant data records.
• Abstraction:- Abstraction means showing only the most important
information while obscuring the details. Data abstraction is the process
of presenting only essential information about data to the outer world
while obscuring the background details or implementation.
• Polymorphism:- Polymorphism is defined as having several forms.
Polymorphism is defined as the ability of data to be displayed in more
than one form.
• Inheritance:- In Object-Oriented Programming, Inheritance refers to
the ability of a class to acquire properties and attributes from another
class. It is a fundamental feature that plays a crucial role in designing
and implementing object-oriented systems.
2. Platform Independent in Java Programming
In Java programming , the compiler compiles source code into bytecode,

which is then executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A wide range of
systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS, can run this bytecode
generated by the compiler because each platform has its own JVM, which
generates platform-specific machine code from the same bytecode. As a
result, running the same source code on different platforms with different
JVMs produces similar results, making Java a platform-independent language.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
3. Simple
Java is developed in such a way that it is simple to understand. It is simple to

master Java if you understand the fundamentals of OOPs. Furthermore, it
lacks complex features such as operator overloading, pointers, multiple
inheritances, etc.
4. Java Programming is Safe and Reliable
The fact that we don’t have access to pointers in Java makes it incredibly safe.
It is impossible for problems like buffer overflow or stack corruption to arise
because we cannot access external arrays due to the lack of pointers.
5. Robust
The Java programming language is robust, which implies it is reliable. It is

designed in such a way that it makes every attempt to find errors as early as
possible, which is why the Java compiler can detect errors that other
programming languages cannot. Garbage collection, exception handling, and
memory allocation are the core aspects of Java that make it robust.
6. High Performance
The architecture of Java is designed to minimize runtime overhead. To

achieve this, Java sometimes utilizes a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, which
compiles code on-demand basis. The JIT compiler only compiles those
methods that are called during runtime, which results in faster execution of
the application.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
7. Sandbox Execution
Java applications operate in a distinct environment that enables users to run

their programs without impacting the underlying system. This is
accomplished by using a bytecode verifier, which ensures that the code is free
of errors and enhances security by checking for any unauthorized access.
❖ Java Programming Terminology
Let’s try to understand the various terms frequently used in Java and how the
code in Java is executed. The flow chart given below shows how a Java
program is executed.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
1. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
JVM is the common name for this. Program execution is divided into three
stages. The program is written, compiled, and executed.
• A Java programmer, such as you and I, write programs.

• The JAVAC compiler, a primary Java compiler included in the Java
development kit (JDK), performs the compilation. It produces bytecode
as output and accepts a Java program as input.
• A program’s JVM runs the bytecode produced by the compiler during
the Running phase.
2. Bytecode in The Development Process
Bytecode is a platform-independent set of instructions that the JVM

understands and executes. When we compile any Java code, the compiler
converts it into bytecode. It is equivalent to the assembler in C++. Bytecode
is an intermediary level of instructions between the high-level language in
which we write code and the low-level machine code that the computer
executes. When we write code in a high-level language, it is compiled into
bytecode. The JVM then translates the bytecode into a low-level set of
instructions.
3. Java Development Kit (JDK)
As the name implies, Java Development Kit is a full-time kit that includes a
compiler, Java Runtime Environment (JRE), Debuggers, and Java
documentation. We must have JDK installed on our computers in order to
create, compile, and run the Java program.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
4. Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
The Java Development Kit (JDK) includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).
Installing JRE on a computer enables the execution of Java programs, but does
not provide the ability to compile them. JRE includes JVM, a browser, applet
support, and plugins that are necessary for running Java applications. As a
result, having JRE installed on a computer is required in order to run Java
programs.
What is Java Garbage Collector in Java Programming?
• In Java, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) features a Garbage Collector

that automatically frees up memory by recollecting items that are no
longer referenced in the code.
• This makes life easier for programmers because they no longer have to
manage memory manually.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
• However, programmers must still be careful about what they write in

their code and how long they use certain objects because the Garbage
Collector cannot recover memory for objects still in use
• Garbage collection is a hands-free process that happens automatically.
➔ First Program In Java
To run Java Code on your device, you must install the Java Development Kit
(JDK) on your Windows computer.
Let’s see the program in Java for printing “Welcome to Topperworld”.
Program:
// Importing important classes from packages

import java.io.*;
// Main class
public class Topperworld {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Print statement
System.out.println("Welcome to Topperworld");
}
}
Output: Welcome to Topperworld
©Topperworld
Java Programming
Explanation:
1. Comments:- Comments are used to explain code and are used similarly
in Java, C, and C++. Compilers ignore comment entries and do not execute
them. Comments might be on a single line or multiple lines.
Syntax
• For Single Line

// This is comment
• For Multiple Line
/* This is comment */
2. import java.io:- The “import” keyword in Java includes a class in the

code. When we import classes from the “io” package, we get access to input
and output streams that allow us to read or write files and input or output.
3. Class:- In Java, a class is a container that holds data and functions for a
program. The behaviour of the class is defined by its functions. The class
named Topperworld has only one function, “Main”.
4. Public Static:- Static methods in Java can be called without creating

objects. Instead, they can be executed using the dot operator with the name
of the class.
5. Void:- This keyword denotes that the method will not return anything.
6. main():- It is the entry point of our program.
7. System.out.println:- It is used to print the content.
©Topperworld
Java Programming
❖ Advantages of Java Programming
• Platform Independent:- A wide range of systems, including

Windows, Linux, and macOS, can run the bytecode generated by the
compiler because each platform has its own JVM, which generates
platform-specific machine code from the same bytecode. This makes
Java a platform-independent language.
• Simple:- Java is developed in such a way that it is simple to
understand. It is simple to master Java if you understand the
fundamentals of OOPs.
• Object-oriented Programming:- Java is an object oriented
programming language, which implies it follows encapsulation,
inheritance, and polymorphism concepts.
• Secure:- Java contains built-in security features that make it a secure
environment for developing projects, such as automatic memory
management and type checking.
• Significant developer community:- Java has a huge and active
developer community, which means a lot of help is available for
learning and utilizing the language, making it a good language for
development.
©Topperworld

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Java Programming

• Java is a widely used high-level, robust, object-oriented, secure

❖ Features In Java Programming

Let’s see the various features provided by Java.

1. Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)

Object-oriented programming (OOPs) organizes software design and logic

• Encapsulation:- It is a term used in Object-Oriented Programming to

2. Platform Independent in Java Programming

In Java programming , the compiler compiles source code into bytecode,

Java is developed in such a way that it is simple to understand. It is simple to

4. Java Programming is Safe and Reliable

The Java programming language is robust, which implies it is reliable. It is

The architecture of Java is designed to minimize runtime overhead. To

Java applications operate in a distinct environment that enables users to run

❖ Java Programming Terminology

1. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• A Java programmer, such as you and I, write programs.

2. Bytecode in The Development Process

Bytecode is a platform-independent set of instructions that the JVM

3. Java Development Kit (JDK)

4. Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

What is Java Garbage Collector in Java Programming?

• In Java, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) features a Garbage Collector

• However, programmers must still be careful about what they write in

➔ First Program In Java

Let’s see the program in Java for printing “Welcome to Topperworld”.

// Importing important classes from packages

Output: Welcome to Topperworld

• For Single Line

2. import java.io:- The “import” keyword in Java includes a class in the

4. Public Static:- Static methods in Java can be called without creating

6. main():- It is the entry point of our program.

7. System.out.println:- It is used to print the content.

❖ Advantages of Java Programming

• Platform Independent:- A wide range of systems, including

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