Class 10 Science NCERT Solution Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals
Class 10 Science NCERT Solution Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals
Class 10 Science NCERT Solution Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
NCERT
Solutions
Chemistry
Class
10
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Chapter – 3
Metals and Non- Metals
Questions:
Q. 1 Give an example of a metal which:
(i) Is a liquid at room temperature
(ii) Can be easily cut with a knife
(iii) Is the best conductor of heat
(iv) Is a poor conductor of heat
Answer:
(i) Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
(ii) Sodium can be easily cut with a knife.
(iii) Silver is the best conductor of heat.
(iv) Lead is a poor conductor of heat.
Questions:
(iii) Equation for the reaction of potassium with water can be written
as:
2𝐾(𝑠) + 2𝐻2𝑂(𝑙) → 2𝐾𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2(𝑔) + ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Questions:
Na2O is sodium oxide. Sodium atom has one electron in its outermost
shell whereas oxygen atom has six electrons in its outermost shell. In
the formation of sodium oxide, two sodium atoms transfer their two
outermost electrons to an oxygen atom. Thus, sodium atoms form two
sodium ions (2Na+) by losing two electrons while oxygen atom forms
an oxide ion (O2-) by gaining two electrons.
Sodium ions and oxide ion, being oppositely charged, attract each
other and are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
to form the ionic sodium oxide compound 2Na+O2- or Na20.
(b) Formation of MgO
MgO is magnesium oxide. Magnesium atom has two electron in its
outermost shell whereas oxygen atom has six electrons in its
outermost shell. In the formation of magnesium oxide, magnesium
atom transfer its two outermost electrons to an oxygen atom. Thus,
magnesium atom forms magnesium ion (Mg2+) by losing two
electrons while oxygen atom forms an oxide ion (O2-) by gaining two
electrons.
ion and oxide ion, being oppositely charged, attract each other and are
held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction to form the
ionic magnesium oxide compound Mg2+ O2- or MgO.
(iii) (a) The ions present in sodium oxide (Na2O) compound are
sodium ions (Na+) and oxide ions (O2-).
(b) The ions present in magnesium oxide (MgO) compound are
magnesium ions (Mg2+) and oxide ions (O2-).
Q. 2 Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Answer: In ionic compounds, oppositely charged ions are held
together by strong electrostatic force of attraction. This is because a
considerable amount of energy is required to break this force of
attraction. That’s why ionic compounds have high melting points.
Questions:
Q.1 Define the terms: (i) mineral (ii) ore, and (iii) gangue.
Answer:
(i) Mineral: The elements or compounds, which occur naturally in the
earth’s crust, are known as minerals
(ii) Ore: Minerals from which the metals can be extracted profitably
are called ores.
(iii) Gangue: Ores mined from the earth are usually contaminated
with large amounts of impurities such as soil, sand, etc., called
gangue.
Q. 2 Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.
Answer: Gold and Platinum are found in nature in the free state.
Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the
following metals.
Questions:
Q. 4 Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because:
A. zinc is costlier than tin
B. zinc has a higher melting point than tin
C. zinc is more reactive than tin
D. zinc is less reactive than tin.
Answer: Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because zinc
is more reactive than tin. Hence, being more reactive, zinc may react
with acidic food and form toxic products which may be harmful for our
health.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals
and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals
and non-metals
Answer: (a) (i) Metals are malleable because they can change into a
thin sheet on hammering whereas non-metals are brittle as they are
broken into pieces on hammering. When we beat the samples, if sample
turns into a thin sheet, then it is a metal otherwise it is a non-metal.
(ii) We can use battery, bulb, wires and switch to set up an electric
sample. Now place the given samples to be tested in the circuit between
the terminals one by one. The sample which allows the current to pass
through it making the bulb to light up, will be a metal. On the other
hand, the sample which does not allow the current to pass through it
and hence does not make the bulb to light up, will be a non-metal.
(b) Metals are malleable as they can turn into thin sheets. The metal
sheets can be used for various purposes such as iron sheets are used for
making buckets, roofing material and boxes.
Metals are good conductor of electricity. Therefore, the metal wires are
used as electric wires for various purposes.
Answer: Those oxides which act as both basic and acidic oxides are
called amphoteric oxides. Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide show the
properties of both basic as well as acidic oxides.
Q. 7 Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids,
and two metals which will not.
Answer: Zinc and iron will displace hydrogen from dilute acids
because they are more reactive than hydrogen. While copper and silver
cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids because they are less
reactive than hydrogen.
Answer:
(a) When sulphur is burnt in air, then sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas is
formed.
(i) There will be no action on dry litmus paper.
(ii) Sulphur dioxide gas turns moist blue litmus paper to red.
(b) S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)
Q. 10 State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Answer: (i) Rusting of iron can be prevented by galvanization. In this
process, iron articles are coated with a thin layer of zinc metal which
prevent the iron to come in contact with air and moisture. Hence,
rusting is prevented.
(ii) Rusting of iron can be prevented by applying oil, grease, or paint.
These are applied all over the surface of iron object to keep the air and
moisture away.
Q. 12 Give reasons:
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils
for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides
during the process of extraction.
Answer: (a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery
because they are very lustrous. Also they are less reactive and do not
corrode easily.
(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are very reactive metal which react
with the atmospheric moisture when kept in the open and produce fire
as well. So, these are always kept immersed in kerosene oil to prevent
their reaction with air and to prevent accidental fires.
(c) Although aluminium is a highly reactive metal, it is resistant to
corrosion. This is because when aluminium metal react with oxygen
present in air to form a protective layer of aluminium oxide on its
surface. This oxide layer is very stable and makes the aluminium metal
resistant to the action of air and water. Also, it is light in weight and
good conductor of heat, hence it is used for making cooking utensils.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides
during the process of extraction because it is much easier to obtain
metals from its oxide as compared to its sulphides and carbonates.
Q. 13 You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with
lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are
effective in cleaning the vessels.
Answer: Tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind
juice as the acids contained in them dissolves the coating of copper
oxide or basic copper carbonate present on the surface of the vessels
and makes them shining red-brown again.
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