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PALGRAVE STUDIES IN RELIGION,
POLITICS, AND POLICY
Faith-Based
Organizations and
Social Welfare
Associational Life and Religion in
Contemporary Eastern Europe
Edited by
Miguel Glatzer
Paul Christopher Manuel
Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy
Series Editor
Mark J. Rozell
Schar School of Policy and Government
George Mason University
Arlington, VA, USA
This series originated under the co-editorship of the late Ted Jelen and Mark J.
Rozell. A generation ago, many social scientists regarded religion as an anachro-
nism, whose social, economic, and political importance would inevitably wane and
disappear in the face of the inexorable forces of modernity. Of course, nothing
of the sort has occurred; indeed, the public role of religion is resurgent in US
domestic politics, in other nations, and in the international arena. Today, religion
is widely acknowledged to be a key variable in candidate nominations, platforms,
and elections; it is recognized as a major influence on domestic and foreign poli-
cies. National religious movements as diverse as the Christian Right in the United
States and the Taliban in Afghanistan are important factors in the internal politics of
particular nations. Moreover, such transnational religious actors as Al-Qaida, Falun
Gong, and the Vatican have had important effects on the politics and policies of
nations around the world.
Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy serves a growing niche in the
discipline of political science. This subfield has proliferated rapidly during the past
two decades, and has generated an enormous amount of scholarly studies and jour-
nalistic coverage. Five years ago, the journal Politics and Religion was created; in
addition, works relating to religion and politics have been the subject of many arti-
cles in more general academic journals. The number of books and monographs on
religion and politics has increased tremendously. In the past, many social scientists
dismissed religion as a key variable in politics and government.
This series casts a broad net over the subfield, providing opportunities for
scholars at all levels to publish their works with Palgrave. The series publishes mono-
graphs in all subfields of political science, including American Politics, Public Policy,
Public Law, Comparative Politics, International Relations, and Political Theory.
The principal focus of the series is the public role of religion. “Religion” is
construed broadly to include public opinion, religious institutions, and the legal
frameworks under which religious politics are practiced. The “dependent variable”
in which we are interested is politics, defined broadly to include analyses of the
public sources and consequences of religious belief and behavior. These would
include matters of public policy, as well as variations in the practice of political
life. We welcome a diverse range of methodological perspectives, provided that the
approaches taken are intellectually rigorous.
The series does not deal with works of theology, in that arguments about the
validity or utility of religious beliefs are not a part of the series focus. Similarly,
the authors of works about the private or personal consequences of religious belief
and behavior, such as personal happiness, mental health, or family dysfunction,
should seek other outlets for their writings. Although historical perspectives can
often illuminate our understanding of modern political phenomena, our focus in
the Religion, Politics, and Policy series is on the relationship between the sacred
and the political in contemporary societies.
Faith-Based
Organizations
and Social Welfare
Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary
Eastern Europe
Editors
Miguel Glatzer Paul Christopher Manuel
La Salle University American University
Philadelphia, PA, USA Washington, DC, USA
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps
and institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Praise for Faith-Based Organizations
and Social Welfare
v
vi PRAISE FOR FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL WELFARE
“An excellent volume that not only deals with faith-based organizations
and their role in society, but challenges deep-seated assumptions about
secularization, including by showing how Eastern European churches
became more involved in the shaping of local democracies than their
Western counterparts.”
—Lucian Turcescu, Professor and Graduate Program Director,
Department of Theological Studies, Concordia University, Canada
“By looking at the role of religion for the provision of welfare and associ-
ational life, the volume addresses crucial topics in contemporary Eastern
Europe in great detail. The authors in the volume train their eyes on
emphasizing the nuances between the states and religions in Eastern
Europe. To sum up, it is fair to say that the volume contributes substan-
tially to our understanding of religion in its relation to politics and society
in these societies.”
—Tobias Köllner, University of Witten-Herdecke, Germany
What shall it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but hath not
works? Shall faith be able to save him? And if a brother or sister be naked,
and want daily food: And one of you say to them: Go in peace, be ye
warmed and filled; yet give them not those things that are necessary for the
body, what shall it profit? So faith also, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
—James 2: 14–17, Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA)
Foreword
xi
xii FOREWORD
most appropriate, method for assessing religion’s role in politics. Yes, reli-
gion is expressed through belief and practice. But religion can also serve
as a foundational element of national identity, defining what is possible or
probable in a given polity and shaping the forms and manner of policy-
making and partisan competition. At the same time, religion can also
serve as the grounding of significant institutional actors in a country’s
(or continent’s) social and political life.
So, how significant a political actor is religion in our contemporary
world? The answer provided in this volume is that religion, understood
properly, remains a central political force on the European continent,
the setting where the marginalization of religion is supposed to have
been most advanced. Religion’s role in establishing the social and cultural
contexts in which policy-making takes place can apparently still be quite
foundational and consequential. And religion’s day-to-day centrality to
the institutional provision of politically weighted social services remains
undeniable today and quite unlikely to recede meaningfully in the fore-
seeable future.
These kinds of structural roles may be particularly significant in specific
places like Poland, Romania, or Ukraine. But this volume makes the more
generally applicable argument that religion remains a complex and multi-
faceted aspect of individual and social life in a wide variety of national
settings, and that therefore religion continues to play a deeply significant
institutional role in an equally wide variety of political contexts. In light of
this set of enduring relationships, the volume advises, our analytical treat-
ments of religion’s significance in contemporary Europe (or elsewhere)
must be similarly based on complexity and nuance and be similarly focused
on institutional factors.
What all this means for the consolidation of democracy in postcom-
munist Europe is perhaps the most important and contested question
raised in this volume. Yes, many religious actors and religious institu-
tions in Eastern Europe have aligned themselves with socially conser-
vative, right-wing and at times anti-democratic forces in the postcom-
munist era. And, yes, these alliances might mean that religion poses a
threat to democratization, and that secularization ought to be adopted
as a political goal of postcommunist democracies, in addition to being
acknowledged as a historical dynamic within which those democracies
were born. Alternatively, however, religion’s institutional role in service
provision and its social grounding of interest representation might also
be seen as signs of the relative health of these democratic polities. On
FOREWORD xiii
xv
xvi PREFACE: TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF …
shed light on the ways in which religion has contributed to the deep-
ening of democracy. Throughout, the volume invites social scientists to
consider the ongoing role of faith-based organizations in postcommu-
nist civil society. We recognize that this faith-based activity varies across
countries and over time and have asked each author to carefully discuss
the unique historical trajectories and evolving state–church relationships
characteristic of their case-study.
As was the case in the first volume, this volume challenges social scien-
tists to nuance their understanding of how secularization is changing
Europe. It asks them to consider the ongoing role of faith-based organi-
zations in strengthening associational life, thereby promoting democracy
(although we recognize that in some cases churches have allied themselves
with authoritarian parties and illiberal regimes). Throughout, the volume
seeks to shed light on the question of how much faith-based organizations
supports the poor and marginalized in each case and poses the counter-
factual question of what new pressures would be brought to bear on the
welfare state system if these faith-based organizations ceased to exist. We
are less interested in why people volunteer their services (arguably, an
interesting question in itself), and more focused on what difference (if
any) the ongoing role of faith-based organizations makes in contempo-
rary European associational life. We contend that it’s a question worth
studying.
Miguel Glatzer and Paul Manuel first developed the idea for this series
of volumes on faith-based organizations and social welfare at the July
2015 Annual Meeting of the Council for European Studies at the
Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), in Paris, France. They
wondered if social scientists should move beyond the lens normally
applied to the question of Catholicism in contemporary Europe (i.e.,
it is a dying, anti-modern, anti-rational, conservative institution) and
instead consider how its vital societal contributions are reflective of its
institutional mission and serve as a strategy for institutional survival.
Glatzer and Manuel subsequently developed this concept at other schol-
arly conferences in Europe and the United States and have invited other
colleagues also interested in these questions to participate in this series.
The following chapters examine how religious groups have responded
to life in postcommunist Europe and offer preliminary assessment as to
whether or not religion may remain a force in East European associational
life in the future.
There are many people who made this volume possible. We are
especially thankful to Michelle Chen and Rebecca Roberts at Palgrave
Macmillan, as well as to Mark Rozell, the series editor at Palgrave Studies
in Religion, Politics, and Policy. We are indebted to the anonymous
reviewers of the original proposal for the book for their very useful
comments. As always, we are indebted to our families for their love and
their ongoing support of our work. Miguel Glatzer thanks his partner
xvii
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
de collaborer avec son Directeur, leurs Rimes Patoises paraissant
sous même couverture ? Ce n’est pas de ses âpres compagnons de
négoce qu’il pouvait être compris ! Entre deux voyages en Espagne,
de retour au pays, il tombait dans un renouveau de poésie
patoisante, et il était vite gagné à la cause ! Ah ! de ce Bancharel, —
qui avait assisté à la descente de Jasmin en Aurillac, vingt-cinq ans
auparavant ! N’était-il pas le confident tout indiqué des inspirations
littéraires du jeune compatriote. Comment « le grammairien » même
n’en eût-il pas imposé à l’élève sorti des « Frères » avec un petit
bagage rudimentaire. Mais il s’agit bien de controverse
dialectologique pour qui portait en soi toute poésie, avec le don le
plus sûr de l’expression juste, puissante et pittoresque. Le sculpteur
a-t-il besoin de connaître la genèse géologique des carrières du
marbre qu’il taille, l’architecte de savoir l’historique de tant de
matériaux qu’il assemble ? Arsène Vermenouze ne se préoccupait
guère de la filiation des mots asservis du premier coup à sa pensée ;
il lui suffisait qu’ils en suivissent le jet impétueux et le rythme souple
et large…
Ce n’est point un chétif honneur qui rejaillit à Auguste Bancharel,
d’avoir peut-être révélé Vermenouze à Vermenouze ; en tout cas, de
l’avoir, dès les premiers vers, reconnu et signalé comme un maître à
ses concitoyens, plutôt indifférents et sceptiques…
CHAPITRE V
Puis, en bon diable, il indique à son nouveau sujet que, pour être
bien placé, il lui suffit de parler à Pluton et à Proserpine, sa femme,
qui dirige les enfers et lui fait la cuisine. En tout cas, le Curé peut
être assuré qu’il n’a pas à craindre le froid…
Or, c’est d’Auguste Bancharel qu’il est le moins parlé dans ses
brochures de propagande où, tout occupé à découvrir les autres, il
ne se présente guère que comme éditeur et directeur de l’Avenir du
Cantal. Il ne serait que juste de lui rendre justice, sinon comme
poète, du moins comme patoisant, après l’avoir salué comme le
promoteur du mouvement qui devait faire entrer l’Auvergne dans
l’orbe du système félibréen…
La jolie musique
De ton gosier
Sort pour le roi de pique
Ou le roi de carreau.
Et triste et pleurant
L’oiseau la suivit,
L’oiselet chanteur,
Aussi loin qu’il put.
Mais, de lassitude,
Et de chagrin,
La petite bête muette
Ne put pas longtemps,
Depuis, la rivière
De l’oiselet mort,
Parmi ses cailloux,
Promène le cadavre.
Le Patois d’Auvergne…
Mais on n’a pas plutôt prononcé le mot de patois que
d’intransigeants arvernophiles vous apostrophent avec véhémence :
— Du patois, le parler d’Auvergne ? C’est une langue…
Et en avant un groupe d’arguments désuets qui flattaient
évidemment notre amour-propre aborigène, mais que déciment les
preuves mobilisées par les linguistes sans pitié. Comment notre
orgueil ne se serait-il pas réjoui d’entendre démontrer
victorieusement que le patois cantalien, tant discrédité et honni,
n’était autre que le dialecte celtique, usité des bardes et des
druides ! Ainsi, l’idiome ancestral s’était maintenu, indestructible
comme le rocher de basalte, parmi les invasions étrangères et la
course des siècles ; il avait coulé, roulé jusqu’à nous, comme la
rivière et la cascade dont l’élan n’a pas été tari pour quelques
éboulements de pierres, pour des végétations insolites en travers de
leurs eaux millénaires !
Que de raisons spécieuses de faire confiance à la thèse
nationale ! Elle se résume en deux vers de Lucain :
Plus loin M. Antoine Thomas regrette que l’Auvergne soit une des
régions les moins connues quant à ses patois :
A LA MARIANNE D’AUVERGNE
Le Puy…
Le Puy-Sainte-Marie…
Où l’on songe à Orvieto, dressée sur son rocher de tuf isolé, dans
la région volcanique de Bolsena, — à Orvieto, à Sienne, avec leurs
cathédrales à façades polychromes, leurs assises de basalte noir, de
calcaire blanc…
Le Puy, qui a sa légende miraculeuse, son histoire pathétique ou
gracieuse, avec les heures nationales où Charles VII venait implorer
la Vierge d’Anis, où Jeanne d’Arc faisait porter ses oraisons par sa
mère et par ses amis [13] , où le sanctuaire du Puy était en même
temps le sanctuaire et le palladium de la royauté française, Le Puy,
la capitale des Vellaves, dont l’évêque Aymard de Monteil, en 1096,
entraînait les chevaliers à la croisade ! Le Puy, où montèrent des
papes et des rois, de Charlemagne à François Ier, où siégèrent des
Conciles et des Assemblées des États du Languedoc, — et qui subit
la disette, la peste, les assauts violents des Huguenots ; Le Puy, où
l’église Saint-Laurent montre la statue de Du Guesclin et le tombeau
renfermant les entrailles du héros ! Le Puy, dont les siècles ont
épargné la carrure féodale, une des villes, une des filles de France
qui ont le mieux gardé leur visage du moyen âge… On a visité
Orvieto, Sienne. Mais non Le Puy ! Ce n’est pas sur les itinéraires en
vogue :
[13] Le Velay et la Littérature, par P. de Nolhac
(feuilleton du Journal des Débats, 14 décembre 1912).