11th Bio Botany Study Material em

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SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM
Lesson-1.BIODIVERSITY
1. Systematics
Choose the correct answer
1. The basic unit of classification is
a. genus b.species c.family d.taxon
2. Unicellular plants found floating in oceans and freshwater are called
a. algae b.zooplanktons c.phytoplanktons d.epiphytes
3. Carolus Linnaeus proposed the following system of classification
a. Phylogenetic b. Two kingdoms c. Five Kingdoms d. Natural
Fill in the blanks
1. “Systema Naturae” is written by Caroluslinnaeus
2. Father of Ayurveda is Hippocrates
3.John Ray introduced the term species for the first time.
4. The author of “Species Plantarum” is Caroluslinnaeus
5. coined the word Taxonomy. Augustin pyramus de Candolle
Match the following
1. Fossil records - Phylogenetic studies
2 .Whittaker - Five kingdom System
3. Carolus Linnaeus - Species Plantarum
4 John Ray - Species
5. Augustin de Candolle - Taxonomy
2. Viruses
1. T.M.V has the following symmetry.
a. Cubical b. helical c.atypical d.square
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2. The infective nature of virus is due to
a. protein coat b. nucleic acid c. envelope d.tail fibres.
3. Developing a vaccine for SARS is difficult because
a. it spreads by infectious materials b. it is an enveloped virus
c. it is constantly changing its form d. it has ssRNA
Fill in the banks
1. W.M. Stanley isolated first virus in crystalline form.
2. The two important components of viruses areNucleic acid and Protein coat
3. All fungalviruses have ds.RNA.
4.Cauliflower Mosaic Virus is a plant virus which has DNA
5. HIV virus causes AIDS.
Match
1.Cyanophage - Blue green algae
2.Mycophage - Fungi
3.SARS - Corona virus
4.AIDS - HIV
5.Phage - Bacteria
3. Bacteria
1. The chlorophyll pigment found in green sulphur bacteria is
a.bacteriochlorophyll b.bacterioviridin c.phycocyanin d.phycoerythrin
2. Cell which keeps changing it’s shape is called
a. Spirilla b.Pleomorphic c. Symbiont d. Gram – negative
Fill in the blanks
1. Louis Pasteur proposed germ theory of disease . 2.Capnophilic
bacteria require CO2 for growth .
3. Chemotaxis is a type of movement of cells in response to chemical signals.
4. Oxygen is not evolved during bacterial photosynthesis
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4.Fungi
1. The study of Fungi is called
a. phycology b. plant pathology c. systematics d.mycology
2. The fungal cell wall is made up of
a. chitin b. cellulose c. pectin d. peptidoglycan
Fill in the blanks
1. The storage products of fungi are glycogen and oil.
2. Haustoria are rarely produced byFacultative parasites
5.Algae
1. Phycology is the study of
a. plants b.virus c.Algae d.bacteria
Fill in the blanks
1. Phycoerythrin is the red colour pigment found in algae.
2. Phycocyanin is the blue colour pigment found in algae.
3. Red algae and B lue green algae lack motile cells.
Match
1.Macroscopic - Laminaria
2.Epiphyte - Growing on another plant
3.Benthic - Attached to the bottom of shallow water
4.Lithophyte - Grow attached to the rocks
5.Filamentous - Spirogyra.
6.Bryophytes
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1. Production of gametes in Bryophytes involve
Fill in the blanks

a. Meiosis b. Mitosis c. fertilization d. reduction division
1. In all bryophytes Gametophyte generation is dominant.

2. In all land plants other than bryophytes Sporophyte generation is dominant
7.Pteridophytes
Fill in the blanks
1. The process of evolution of the seed habit is associated with the origin of Heterophory
2. The dominant phase changed from Gametophyte to Sporophyte as in all Pteridophytes,Gymnosperms
and Angiosperms
8. Spermatophytes (Gymnosperms)
Fill in the blanks
1. The most successful and advanced group of land plants areSpermotophytes
2. All seed plants are Heterosporous
3. The most extreme reduction of gametophyte has taken place in Angiosperms
4. The equivalent structure to a mega sporangium, in a seed plant is called anOvule
5. The equivalent structure to a microsporangium, in a seed plant is called Pollen sac

Lesson-2.CELL BIOLOGY
1. The Cell - Basic unit of life
1. The process in which DNA is constantly read out into a particular set of mRNA is called
a. translation b.protein synthesis c.DNA duplication d.transcription
2. The process of changing the form in order to carry out a specialized function is called
a. differentiation b.growth c. cell division d. cell elongation
2. Cell Theory
1. An exception to cell theory is
a.fungi b.bryophyte c. seed plant d.pteridophyte
Fill in the blanks
1. Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory.
2. Cells are the structural and functional units of life.
3. The modified cell theory is called Cell Principle or Cell Doctrine
3. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell (Plant Cells)
1. The extra-chromosomal DNA found in the bacterium E.coli is called
a. mesosome b. nucleoid c. incipient nucleus d. plasmid
Fill in the blanks
1. Bacteria having a thin wall and an outer membrane separated from the cell wall are usually
GramNegative bacteria
2. The plasmid is responsible for Anti-biotic resistancesof the bacterium.
3. Plasmids are very much used in Genetic engineering
4. Ribosomes that exist in groups are calledPolysomes (or) Polyribosomes
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4. Light Microscope and Electron Microscope (TEM & SEM)
Fill in the blanks
1. The decrease value of D, the better will be the resolution.
2. The resolution of a microscope lens is numerically equivalent to Resolution power .
3. The purpose of using heavy metals in scanning electron microscopy is to provide enough Contrast
to detect the details of the specimens.
4. The compound microscope uses Optical lenses to magnify the objects.
5. Cell Wall
1. The addition of wall materials within the existing one is called
a. accretion b.intussusception c.apposition d. deposition
Filll in the blanks
1. The cell wall of bacterium is made up of peptidoglycon
2. The cell wall of a typical plant cell is made up of cellulose.
3. The cell wall of a fungus is made up of chitin.
4. The addition of wall materials over the existing one is called Accretion
6. Cell Membrane
1.Active transport of molecules take place
a. along the concentration gradient b. along the electric gradient
c. along the pressure gradient d. against the concentration gradient
2. Phagocytosis is also known as
a. cell eating b.cell death c.cell drinking d.cell lysis
Fill in the blanks
1. All the biological membranes are Seletively permeable
2. In passive transport method, transport of molecules takes palce Along the concentration gradient.

7. Cell Organelles
1. The spaces inside the folds of ER membrane are known as
a. thylakoids b.cisternae c.mesosomes d.periplasmic space
2. These are colourless plastids
a. chromoplasts b. chloroplasts c. elaioplasts d. leucoplasts
3. The internal system of inter-connected membrane-limited sacs of chloroplast are called
a. grana b.stroma c.thylakoids d.cisternae
Fill in the blanks
1. DNA is organized into linear structures called chromosomes
2. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for Protein in a cell.
3. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
4. Chromosomes form the physical basis of heredity.
Match
1. Power house of a cell - Mitochondria
2. Site of protein synthesis - Ribosomes
3. Controls all metabolic activities of cell - Nucleus
4. Physical basis of heredity - Chromosomes
5. Chemical basis of heredity - Genes
8. Cell Division
1. During this phase there is a duplication of DNA
a. G1 Phase b. S phase . G2 Phase d. interphase
2. Cytokinesis is the division of
a. cytoplasm b.nucleus c.chloroplast d. centriole
3. Terminalisation takes place during
a. pachytene b. zygotene c. leptotene d. diakinesis
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Lesson-3.PLANT MORPHOLOGY
2. Root, Stem and Leaf
1. The type of phyllotaxy found in Calotropis is
a. alternate b.opposite decussate c. opposite superposed d. ternate
Fill in the blanks
1. In Bignonia unguiscatiThree leaflets become stiff, claw like hooks.
2. In Sweet potato, tuberous roots which have no definite shape are seen.
Match
1. Moringa - Tripinnate
2.Lemon - Unifoliate
3.Acacia - Phyllode
4.Utricularia - Bladder
5.Lathyrus - Tendril
6.Avicennia – Pneumatophores
2. Inflorescence
1. Spike is a type of
a. Racemose inflorescence b. Cymose inflorescence
c. Mixed inflorescence d. Special inflorescence
2. Dorstenia an example for
a.raceme b. panicle c. spadix d. coenanthium
3. This is a homogamous head with ray florets
a. Vernonia b. Tridax c. Launaea d. Helianthus
4. Musa in an example for
a. spadix b. mixed spadix c. compound spadix d. none of the above

5. Flowers are unisexual in
a. cyathium b. thyrsus c. verticillaster d. cyme
3. Flowers, Fruits and Seeds
1. The most conspicuous and characteristic structure of Angiosperm is
a. Flower b. Seeds c. Fruits d. leaves
2. The number of whorls present in a bisexual flower is
a. One b. Three c. Two d. Four
3. A flower is said to be complete when it has
a. One whorl b. Three whorls c. Two whorls d. Four Whorls
4. Timerous Flowers are common among
a. Dicots b. Xerophytes c. Monocots d. Gymnosperms
5. In deciduous type of calyx, the sepals fall off
a. As soon as flower opens b. After fertilization
c. In the bud condition d. All the above
6. When anthers have two chambers, they are described as
a. Dioecious b. Dithecous c. Diadelphous d. Dimorphic
7. Gynoecium with united carpels is termed as
a. Apocarpous b. Multicarpellary c. Syncarpous d. None of the above.
8. The type of placentation seen in cucumber is
a. Basal b. Parietal c. Axile d. Marginal
9. Seeds are produced from the
a. Ovary b. Carpels c. Ovules d. Locules
10. Seedless Grapes are the
a. Simple Dry fruits b. Multiple fruits c. Aggregate fruits d. Parthenocarpic Fruits
11. Which is the edible portion in berry?
a. Epicarp b. Endocarp c. Mesocarp d. All the above
12. Coconut belongs to
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a. Drupe b. Syconus
13. The type of fruit seen in Jack is
a. Multiple fruit
Fill in the blanks
b. Syconus
c. Baccate
c. Sorosis
d. Aggregate
d. Aggregate
1. A special leaf at whose axil the flower develops is called Bract

2. Thalamus is otherwise called Receptacle (or) torus
3. Bisexual flower has both androecium and gynoecium.
4. A flower having uniform number of all the floral parts is called Homomerous
5. Microsporangia are otherwise called Pollen sac
6. After fertilization, the ovary becomes Fruit
7. Legume is the characteristic fruit of Fabaceae Family.
8. The edible part of the Jack fruit is Perianth
I. Match the following
1.Hypogynyous - Superior ovary
2.Twisted - Petals of Malvaceae
3.Syngenesious - Anthers united, filaments free
4.Epipetalous - Stamens attached to petals
5.Basal Placentation - Asteraceae
6.Caryopsis - Paddy
7.Unfertilized Ovary - Parthenocarpic Fruit
8.Ovary Wall - Pericarp
9.Fertilized Ovary - True Fruit
10.Apocarpous Ovary - Aggregate fruit

Lesson-4.GENETICS
1. Concept of Heredity and Variation
Choose the correct Answer
1. Moist vapour theory was given by
a. Aristotle b.Pythagoras c. Delepatius d. Darwin
2. Blending theory was replaced by particulate theory of
a. Kolreuter b.Gaertner c. Mendel d.Darwin
3. The grand children may exhibit a feature of an earlier generation not seen in parents. This is called
a. Homunculus b. Pangenesis c. Atavism d. Blending
Fill in the blanks
1. Polydactyly is the example for
2. A group of gametes is called a
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
1. The village where Mendel was born is
a. Heizendors b.Silisian c. Brunn d. Austria
2. The cross which proves that sex has no influence on inheritance is
a. Back cross b. Test cross c. Reciprocal cross d. Monohybrid cross
3. The recessive state for seed coat colour is
a. Green b. Grey c. Yellow d. White
Fill in the blanks
1. The pairs of contrasting character traits of Mendel are called Alleles (or) allelomorphs
2. The dihybrid test cross ratio is1:1:1:1
Match
1. Plant height - Dwarf
2. Position of flower - Terminal
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3. Colour of pod
4. Seed shape
5. Pod shape
-
-
-
Yellow
Wrinkled
Constricted
3. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Choose the correct Answer
1. The smallest unit of the gene which codes for an amino acid is
a. Cistron b. Muton c. Recon d. Codon
2. The functional unit of a gene which can synthesize one polypeptide is called
a. Codon b. Cistron c. Muton d. Recon
3. The gene is present at a specific position on the chromosome called
a. Locus b.Nucleotide c. Nucleoside d. Allele
4. The chromosomal basis of inheritance was given by
a. Schleiden & Schwann b. Sutton & Boveri
c. Singer & Nicholson d. Morgan & Bridges
4. Intermediate Inheritance (Incomplete Dominance)
1. Incomplete dominance is also called
a. Intermediate inheritance b. Blending inheritance
c. Partial dominance d. All the above
2. The phenomenon of intermediate inheritance is observed in
a. Lathyrus b. Antirrhinum c. Cucurbita d. Maize
3. The phenotypic ratio of incomplete dominance is
a.1:2:1 b.3:1 c.9:3:3:1 d.1:1
5. Epistasis
1. Inheritance of flower colour in Lathyrus odoratus was studied by
a. Morgan & Bridges b. Bateson & Punnett
c. Sutton & Boveri d. Schleiden & Schwann

2. The inheritance of fruit colour in Cucurbita pepo gives a ratio of
a. 13:3 b. 12:3:1 c.9:7 .9:3:4
3. A ratio of 15:1 is observed in
a. Sweet pea b. Cucurbita pepo c. Rice d. Sorghum
Lesson-5.PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
1. Cell as a Physiological Unit
1. The protoplasm was considered as a polyphase colloidal system by
a. Altmann b. Hemming c. Wilson Fisher d. Butschili
2. The movement of water into and out of cells is controlled by
a. Water potential b. Endosmosis c. Exosmosis d. Plasmolysis
3. Flow of matter from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called
a. Imbibition b.Osmosis c. Diffusion d. Plasmolysis
4. The principle used in pickling is
a. Imbibition b. Endosmosis c. Plasmolysis d. None of the above
2. Water Transport
1. During the day the guard cells experience
a. exosmosis b. endosmosis c. fall in turgor d. loss of water
2. The starch -sugar interconversion theory was given by
a. Steward b. Scarth c. Levitt d. Raschke
3. The relay pump theory was put forward by
a. Godslewski b. J.C.Bose c. Stocking d. Dixon.
4. J.C. Bose gave the
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a. relay pump theory
c. pulsation theory
b. root pressure theory
d. cohesion - tension theory.
5. Lignin and cellulose have affinity for water. This is called
a. adhesion b. cohesion
6. The transpiration pull theory was supported by
c. root pressure d. none of the above
a. Renner b. Curtis c. Clark d. All the above

3. Mineral Nutrition
Choose the Correct Answer
1. Hydroponics is otherwise called
a soil-less agriculture b tank farming c chemical gardening d all the above
2. This element is a constituent of chlorophyll
a Manganese b Magnesium c Potassium d Zinc
Fill in the blanks
1. Exanthema is a disease caused due to deficiency of Copper
2. Deficiency of Molybdenum cause Whiptail disease of cauliflower
3. Sulphur containing amino acids is Cystine and cysteine
Match
1.Boron - Translocation of Carbohydrates
2.Sulphur - Thiamine
3.Copper - Reclamation
4.Potassium - Stomatal Movements
3. D.THEORIES OF TRANSLOCATION
1. The theory explaining passive absorption of mineral salts is :
a. Ion exchange b. Carrier Concept c. Cytochrome pump theory d. None of the above.
2. Contact exchange theory was put forward by :
a. Jenny and Overstreet b. Hylmo and Kramer
c. Bennet and Clark d. De Vries and Curtis

Fill in the Blanks
1. The bacterium involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation is Rhizobium
2. The nitrifying bacteria are .Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacteria
Match
1.Bacillus ramosus - Ammonification
2.Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Yeast
3.Bennet & Clark - Protein - lecithin carrier
4.Rhodotorula - Denitrification
5.Goldacre - Carrier concept
Lesson-6.REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY
1. Reproduction in Angiosperms
1.(a) Vegetative Propagation
1. In Hibiscus vegetative reproduction takes place by
a. Stem b. Bud c. Rhizome d. Leaf.
2. The plant which propagate with the help of its leaves is
a. Onion b. Cactus c. Potato d. Bryophyllum
Fill in the blanks
1. During grafting the part that becomes the supporting portion is called as.Stock
2. A piece of potato tuber can form a new plant if it has Buds (or) Eye spot
2.Sexual Reproduction
2.a. Pollination
1. Fragment flowers with well-developed nectaries are an adaptation for ---------
a) Zoophily b) Entomophily c) anemophily d) Hydrophily
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2. Hydrophily occurs -----
a) Vallisneria b) Ceratophyllum c) Hydrilla d) All the above
3. Myrmecophily is a benefical association between some flowering plants and ------
a) Bats b) Birds
4. Pollination by bat is called ------
c) Ants d) Bees
a) Autogamy b) Chiropterophily c) Homogamy d) Dichogamy

5. If pollen and stigma at different time it iscalled ------
a) Autogamy b) Cleistogamy c) Homogamy d) Dichogamy
6. Flowers are pollinated by birds in ------
a) Yucca b) Bombax c) Mango d) Litchi
7. Plants in which pollination takes place inside the bud is ---------
a) Rice b) Oxalis c) Papaya d) Bajra
8. Cross pollination is known as -------
a) Dichogmay b) Protogamy c) Protandry d) Xenogamy
2.b. Double fertilization

1. The embryo sac in a typical dicot at the time of fertilization is
a. 8 celled b. 6 celled c. 7 celled d. 5 celled
2. Process of fusion between male and egg nuclei are
a. Syngamy b.Conjugation c.Double fertilization d. Triple fusion
3. Germination of Seed
3.a. Parts of Seed
1. Micropyle occurs in
a. Ovary b.Seeds c.Ovule d. Both (a) and (c)
2. The Micropyle in a seed helps in the entry of
a. Water b. Male gamete c. Pollen tube d. None of these
3. Single cotyledon of a monocot seed is

a.Plumule b. Epicotyl c. Scutellum d. Coleorrhiza
Fill in the blanks
1. Triple fusion occurs between male gamete and Secondary nucleus
2. the outer coat of seed is called Testa
3.b. Types of Seed Germination
Choose the best answer
1. Hypogeal germination ofalbuminous seed is seen in
a.Maize b.Castor c.Gram d.Bean
2. Vivipary is a characteristic feature of
a. Mesophytes b.Halophytes c.Xerophytes d.Hydrophytes.
3. Germination of the seed is promoted by
a. Green light b.Red light c.Blue light d.Infra red light
Fill in the blanks
1. The phenomenon of germination of seeds inside the fruit itself is called vivipary
2. The inner thin, membranous, whitish integument seen in dicotyledonous seed is known as Tegmen
3. Albuminous seeds store food materials in Endosperm
3. c. Abscission,Senescence
1. Which one of the following generally increases during senescence?
a.Protein b.Chlorophyll c.Photosynthesis d.Respiration
2. Senescence of detached leaves can be delayed by the use of
a.Auxin b.Giberellin c.Cytokinin d.Ethylene
3. Yellowing and shedding of leaves in autumn in many trees is an example of
a.Over all senescence b.Deciduous senescence c.Top senescence d.Progressive Senescence
Fill in the blanks
1. Cytokinins can Delay ageing of plant organs.
2. Leaf fall starts, when the amount of RNA, Starch, Amino acids (or) Chlorophyll decreases.
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Lesson-7.ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1. Organisms and their Environment
Fill in the blanks
1. Light is necessary for plants to do Photosynthesis
2. Soil provides water and to plants. Minerals Salts and Anchorages to plants
2. Hydrophytes, Mesophytes and Xerophytes
Choose the best answer
1. Finely dissected leaves are common in
a. Submerged plants b. amphibious plants
c. Free floating plants d. Rooted floating plants
2. The root pockets are present instead of root caps in
a. Utricularia b. Eichhornia c. Hydrilla d. Limnophylla
Fill in the blanks
1. Plants that are growing in water are called Hydrophytes
2. Plants that are seen in xeric conditions are known as Xerophytes
3. Natural Resources
Choose the correct answer.
1. Deforestation may reduce the chances of
a. Rainfall b. Landslides c. Soil erosion d. Frequent cyclones
2. Soil erosion can be checked by
a. Wind screen alone b. Restricted human activity
c. Checking movement of animals d. Good plant cover
3. Common sources of energy used in Indian villages is
a. Electricity b. Sun c. Coal d. Wood and animal dung
4. Which of the following is non- renewable?
a. Water b. Coal c. Forests d. Wild life

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SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 1 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

Fill in the blanks

1. In all bryophytes Gametophyte generation is dominant.

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 2 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 3 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

1. A special leaf at whose axil the flower develops is called Bract

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 5 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 6 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

a. Renner b. Curtis c. Clark d. All the above

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 7 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

a) Autogamy b) Chiropterophily c) Homogamy d) Dichogamy

2.b. Double fertilization

D.TAMILSELVAN.M.Sc.,M.A.,B.Ed (Biology Teacher ) Page 8 of 9

SRINIVASA MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL - KOLLIDAM

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