CHAPTER THREE

Transient MHD free convection flow in a vertical microtube

2
∂u ∂ u 1 ∂u 2
= + −m u+θ
∂ t ∂2 r r ∂ r

∂u 1 ∂
= r
∂u
∂t r ∂r ∂r ( )
−m2 u+θ

∂θ 1 1 ∂
= r
∂θ
∂ t p r r ∂r ∂r ( )
t ≤ 0 , u=0 ,θ=0for 0 ≤ r ≤1

t >0

∂u ∂θ
=0 ; =0 at r =0
∂r ∂r

∂u
=−β r k n
∂θ

∂u
u ( r , E )=−β r k n ¿
∂ r r=1

∂θ
θ ( x )=t−β r k n ¿
∂ r r =1

Applying Laplace Transform

{ } { }
2
∂u ∂ u 1 ∂u 2
L =L 2 + −m u+θ
∂t ∂ r r ∂ r

{ } { }
2
∂θ ∂ θ 1 ∂θ
L pr =L 2 +
∂t ∂ r r ∂r
2
d u 1 du 2
s u−u ( r , 0 ) = 2
+ −m u+ θ
dr r dr
2
d u 1 du 2
s u= 2
+ −m u+θ
dr r dr
2
d u 1 du
2
+ −( s+m¿¿ 2)u+θ=0 ¿ (1)
d r r dr
 2
d u 1 du
2
+ −( s+m¿¿ 2)u=−θ ¿
d r r dr
2
d θ 1 dθ
s θ p r= 2
+
d r r dr

2
d θ 1 dθ
2
+ −s θ pr =0 (2)
d r r dr

B.c

du
u ( r , s )=−β r k n ¿
dr r =1

−1 dθ
θ ( r , s )= βr kn ¿
s
2
dr r =1

θ ( r , s )=C 1 I 0 ( r √ s pr ) +C 2 K 0 (r √ s p r )

θ ( r , s )=C 1 I 0 ( r √ s pr ) Where I 0

S.L B.L

1 dθ
θ ( r , s )= −β r k n ¿
s
2
dr r=1

dθ
=√ s pr + C1 I 1 (r √ s p r )
dr

1
2
− βr k n {√ s pr + C1 I 1 ( √ s p r ) }=C 1 I 0 ( r √ s p r )
s

1
2
=C1 ¿
s

1
C 1= 2
s ¿¿

I 0( r √ s pr)
θ ( r , s )= 2
s []

For Momentum
 2
d u 1 du
2
+ −( s+m¿¿ 2)u=−C 1 I 0 ( r √ s pr ) ¿
d r r dr

C1 I 0 ( r √ s p r )
u ( r , s )=C 3 I 0 ( r √ m + s ) −
2
2
sp r−(m + s)

σ √ m 2+ s

F=√ s p r
2
P=sp r−(m + s)

u ( r , s )=C 3 I 0 ( r σ )−C 1 I 0 (rF )

C 1 I 0 (F r )
u ( r , s )=C 3 I 0 ( σ r )−
P

du F C 1 I 1 (Fr )
=σ C3 I 1 ( σ r ) −
dr P

at r =1 {
−β r k n σ C3 I 1 ( σ )−
F
P }
C 1 I 1 (F) =C 3 I 0 ( σ )−
C 1 I 0 (F)
P
+C 3 { β r k n σ I 1 ( σ )+ I 0 ( σ ) }

¿ C1 { I 0 (F)
P
+ βr kn
F I 1 (F)
P }
C 3=
{
C 1 I 0 ( F ) + β r k n F I 1 (F)
P β r k n σ I 1 ( σ )+ I 0 ( σ ) }
u=u p +un

Skin Friction

du
τ= ¿
dr r =1

F
τ r=1=σ C 3 I 1 ( σ )− C I ( F)
P 1 1

Mass Flure
1
Q=2 π ∫ r u ( r , s ) dr
0
 [ ]
1
C1
¿ 2 π ∫ r C 3 I 0 ( σ r )− I (Fr ) dr
0 P 0

[ ]
1 1
C1
¿ 2 π C 3∫ r I 0 ( σ r ) dr− ∫ r I 0 (Fr )dr
0 P 0

Using integral by part

For C 3 : u=r ⇒ du=dr

1
dv =I 0 ( σ r ) ⇒ v=∫ I 0 ( σ r ) dr= I 1 ( σ r )
σ

∫ udr =uv−∫ vdu

[ ]
0
r 1 r 1
I ( σ r )− ∫ I 1 ( σ r ) dr= I 1 ( σ r ) − 2 I 0 ( σ r )
σ 1 σ σ σ 1

1
Q=∫ u ( r , s ) dy
0

1 1
¿ I 1 ( σ )− 2 I 0 ( σ )
σ σ

For C 1 : u=r ⇒ du=dr

1
dv =I 0 ( Fr ) ⇒ v= I ( Fr )
F 1

∫ udr =uv−∫ vdu

r 1
¿ I 1 ( Fr )− ∫ I 1 ( Fr ) dr
F r

r 1 1
¿ I 1 ( Fr )− 2 I 0 ( Fr ) ¿ 0
F F

1 1
¿ I ( F )− 2 I 0 ( F )
F 1 F

Q=2 π
[ (
c3
σ
1
I 1 σ− I 0 σ +
σ
c1
PF) 1
(
I 1 ( F )− I 0 ( F )
P )]
Steady State
1 d dθ
r
r dr dr( )
=0

d
r
dr dr( )
dθ
=0

dθ
r =k 1
dr

dθ k 1
=
dr r

1
θ=k 1∫ dr+ k 2
r

θ=k 1 lnr+k 2

At r =0

At r =1

dθ
1−β r k n =0 at r =1
dr

1−β r k n [ k 1 ]=k 1 lnr

dθ
θ=Alnr + B at r =0 , =0
dr

θ=B

r =1

dθ
θ=1−β r k n
dr

B=1−βr k n .0

B=1−0

B=1 ⇒θ=1