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About
the Authors

The integration of psychological, social, and biological components of human sexual-

ity in this text is facilitated by the blending of the authors’ academic and professional
backgrounds.
Robert Crooks has a Ph.D. in psychology. His graduate training stressed clinical
and physiological psychology. In addition, he has considerable background in sociology,
which served as his minor throughout his graduate training. His involvement with teach-
ing human sexuality classes at the university, college, and medical school levels spans over
two decades. Recently Bob and his wife, Sami Tucker, have been involved in the estab-
lishment and implementation of another HIV/AIDS intervention program in coastal
Kenya. Over the previous 10 years, their work with this project includes designing a
research strategy for assessing behavior change, developing a peer educator-based educa-
tional strategy, and conducting training sessions for Kenyan peer educator staff. In the fall
of 2009, Bob and Sami initiated another HIV/AIDS intervention program in Tanzania.
Over the previous seven years they have traveled extensively in Africa and have devoted
many months to their evolving HIV/AIDS prevention projects.
Karla Baur has a master’s degree in social work; her advanced academic work
stressed clinical training. She has had an extensive career as a licensed clinical social
worker in private practice, specializing in couples and sex therapy. Karla has provided
clinical supervision, seminars and lectures for other mental health professionals and pro-
fessional groups. She has taught human sexuality and female sexuality classes at Portland
Community College, Portland State University and Clark College. At Oregon Health
Sciences University she taught a human sexuality course and coached medical students in
taking sexual histories with patients. Karla was also involved in a 6 week program in Kenya
to train HIV/AIDS Prevention Peer Educators. She has been certified as a sex educa-
tor, therapist, and sex therapy supervisor by the American Association of Sex Educators,
Counselors, and Therapists. She is currently developing a play about the nuances and
complexities of male sexuality with her collaborator, composer/writer Fred Strong.
The authors have a combined total of over 70 years of teaching, counseling, and research
in the field of sexology. They team-taught college sexuality courses for a number of years.
They have presented workshops and guest lectures to a wide variety of professional and
community groups, and they have counseled individuals, couples, and families on sexual
concerns. Their combined teaching, clinical, and research experiences, together with their
graduate training, have provided them with an appreciation and sensitive understanding
of the highly complex and personal nature of human sexuality.
It is the authors’ belief that a truly sensitive understanding of our sexuality must be
grounded in both the female and the male perspectives and experiences. In this sense,
their courses, their students, and this text have benefited from a well-balanced perception
and a deep appreciation of human sexual behavior.
v

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Brief
Contents

Prologue xxx

1 Perspectives on Sexuality 1

2 Sex Research: Methods and Problems 29

3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 50

4 Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 90

5 Gender Issues 116

6 Sexual Arousal and Response 151

7 Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships 188

8 Sexual Behaviors 237

9 Sexual Orientations 264

10 Contraception 297

11 Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 332

12 Sexuality During Childhood and Adolescence 369

13 Sexuality and the Adult Years 401

14 Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 430

15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 468

16 Atypical Sexual Behavior 521

17 Sexual Coercion 542

18 Sex for Sale 580

vii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents

Prologue xxx

ChapTEr 1

Perspectives on Sexuality 1

Sexual Intelligence 2
A Psychosocial Orientation 3
Controversy and Diversity in Human Sexuality 4
The United States 4
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT A Child/Parent Sex Talk 5
The Islamic Middle East 7
China 8
Our Cultural Legacy: Sex for Procreation and Rigid Gender Roles 9
Sex for Procreation 9
Male and Female Gender Roles in Sexuality 10
Sexuality in the Western World: A Historical Perspective 12
Judaic and Christian Traditions 12
Sex as Sinful 13
Eve Versus Mary 14
A Sex-Positive Shift 14
The Victorian Era 15
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Slavery’s Assault on Sexuality and Gender Roles 16
The Beginning of the 20th Century 17
After World War II 18
The Times They Are a-Changin’ 19
The Media and Sexuality 20
Television 21
Music Videos 23
Advertising 24
Magazines 24
The Internet and Sexuality 24
Sexuality: Where the Personal Is Political 26
Summary 27

ix

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 ChapTEr 2

Sex Research: Methods and Problems 29

The Goals of Sexology 30

Nonexperimental Research Methods 31
Case Studies 32
Surveys 33
SEX aND pOLITICS Sex Research Under Siege 38
Direct Observation 40
The Experimental Method 41
Technologies in Sex Research 43
Electronic Devices for Measuring Sexual Arousal 43
Computerized Assessment of Sexual Behavior 44
Sex Research via the Internet 45
Ethical Guidelines for Human Sex Research 46
Evaluating Research: Some Questions to Ask 47
Summary 48

ChapTEr 3

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 50

The Vulva 51
The Mons Veneris 51
The Labia Majora 53
The Labia Minora 53
Genital Alteration 53
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Genital Self-Exam for Women 54
The Clitoris 56
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Female Genital Cutting: Torture or Tradition? 57
The Vestibule 58
The Urethral Opening 59
The Introitus and the Hymen 59
The Perineum 59
Underlying Structures 60
Internal Structures 61
The Vagina 62
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Kegel Exercises 63
The Cervix 65
The Uterus 65
The Fallopian Tubes 65
The Ovaries 66
Menstruation 66
Attitudes About Menstruation 66
Menarche 68
Menstrual Physiology 68
The Menstrual Cycle 69
Sexual Activity and the Menstrual Cycle 71
Menstrual Cycle Problems 72
Menopause 74
Hormone Therapy 75

x Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Gynecological Health Concerns 78
Urinary Tract Infections 78
Vaginal Infections 78
The Pap Smear 79
Surgical Removal of the Uterus and Ovaries 79
The Breasts 80
Breast Self-Exam 82
Breast Cancer Screening 83
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh How to Examine Your Breasts 84
Breast Lumps 84
Breast Cancer 85

Summary 88

ChapTEr 4

Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 90

Sexual Anatomy 91
The Penis 91
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Male Genital Modification: Cultural Beliefs and Practices 92
Strengthening Musculature Around the Penis 94
The Scrotum 95
The Testes 96
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Male Genital Self-Examination 98
The Vas Deferens 99
The Seminal Vesicles 100
The Prostate Gland 100
The Cowper’s Glands 100
Semen 100
Male Sexual Functions 101
Erection 101
Ejaculation 102
Concerns About Sexual Functioning 103
Penis Size 104
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Koro: The Genital Retraction Syndrome 106
Circumcision 107
SEX aND pOLITICS “Intactivists” Attempt to Criminalize Infant Circumcision
in San Francisco 108
Male Genital Health Concerns 109
The Penis: Health-Care Issues 109
Testicular Cancer 111
Diseases of the Prostate 111
Summary 114

ChapTEr 5

Gender Issues 116

Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine 117

Sex and Gender 117
Gender Identity and Gender Role 118

Contents xi

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Gender-Identity Formation 118
Gender Identity as a Biological Process: Typical Prenatal Differentiation 118
Differences in Sexual Development 126
Sex-Chromosome Variations 126
Variations Affecting Prenatal Hormonal Processes 128
Social-Learning Influences on Gender Identity 130
Treatment Strategies for Intersex People: Debate and Controversy 132
The Interactional Model of Gender Development 134
Gender Identity: A Spectrum 134
Transgender Variations: An Evolving Terminology 135
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Respectful Communication With a Transgender Individual 136
Transitioning 137
Sexual Orientation of Transgender Men and Women 138
Understanding the Development of Transgender Individuals 138
Acceptance and Civil Rights 139
Gender Roles 140
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Cross-Cultural Sex Differences in Personality Traits 141
How Do We Learn Gender Roles? 142
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Ethnic Variations in Gender Roles 142
Gender-Role Expectations: Their Impact on Our Sexuality 147

Summary 150

ChapTEr 6

Sexual Arousal and Response 151

The Brain and Sexual Arousal 152

SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Cultural Variations in Sexual Arousal 153
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Monitoring Brain Function During Sexual
Arousal With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 155
The Senses and Sexual Arousal 156
Touch 156
Vision 157
Smell 158
Taste 159
Hearing 159
Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal 160
Aphrodisiacs: Do They Work? 160
Anaphrodisiacs 163
The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior 164
Sex Hormones in Male Sexual Behavior 165
Sex Hormones in Female Sexual Behavior 166
How Much Testosterone Is Necessary for Normal Sexual Functioning? 167
Testosterone Replacement Therapy 168
Oxytocin in Male and Female Sexual Behavior 169
Sexual Response 170
Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model 170
Bancroft and Janssen’s Dual Control Model of Sexual Response 171
Masters and Johnson’s Four-Phase Model 171
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Monitoring Genital Changes During Sexual
Arousal With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 173

xii Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Subjective Descriptions of Orgasm 176
The Grafenberg Spot 177
Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle 179
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Women 179
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Men 180
Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response 181
Greater Variability in Female Response 181
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Sex Differences in Sex Drive 182
The Male Refractory Period 183
Multiple Orgasms 183
Summary 186

ChapTEr 7

Love and Communication in

Intimate Relationships 188
What Is Love? 189
Types of Love 190
Passionate Love 190
Companionate Love 191
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love 192
Lee’s Styles of Loving 194
Falling in Love: Why and With Whom? 195
The Chemistry of Love 195
Proximity 196
Similarity 197
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Partner Choice and Race 198
Reciprocity 199
Physical Attractiveness 199
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Differences Between American Men and Women
in Mate Selection Preferences 200
Love and Styles of Attachment 201
Attachment Styles 202
Adult Intimate Relationships as an Attachment Process 203
Issues in Loving Relationships 204
What Is the Relationship Between Love and Sex? 204
Jealousy in Relationships 207
Maintaining Relationship Satisfaction 208
Ingredients in a Lasting Love Relationship 208
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Coping With Jealousy, the Green-Eyed Monster 209
Sexual Variety: An Important Ingredient 211
The Importance of Sexual Communication 212
Talking: Getting Started 212
Talking About Talking 212
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT The Benefits of Affectionate Communication 213
Reading and Discussing 213
Sharing Sexual Histories 213
Listening and Feedback 214
Be an Active Listener 214
Maintain Eye Contact 214

Contents xiii

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 Provide Feedback 215
Support Your Partner’s Communication Efforts 215
Express Unconditional Positive Regard 215
Discovering Your Partner’s Needs 215
Asking Questions 216
Self-Disclosure 217
Discussing Sexual Preferences 219
Giving Permission 219
Learning to Make Requests 219
Taking Responsibility for Our Own Pleasure 220
Making Requests Specific 220
Using “I” Language 220
Expressing and Receiving Complaints 221
Constructive Strategies for Expressing Complaints 221
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Consent for Everyone! 222
Receiving Complaints 226
Saying No 227
A Three-Step Approach to Saying No 228
Avoid Sending Mixed Messages 228
Nonverbal Sexual Communication 229
Facial Expressions 229
Interpersonal Distance 230
Touching 230
Sounds 230
Communication Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships 231
Gottman’s Constructive Communication Tactics 231
Gottman’s Destructive Communication Tactics 232

Summary 234

ChapTEr 8

Sexual Behaviors 237

Celibacy 238
Erotic Dreams and Fantasy 239
Erotic Dreams 239
Erotic Fantasy 239
Male/Female Similarities and Differences in Sexual Fantasy 241
Fantasies: Help or Hindrance? 241
Masturbation 242
Perspectives on Masturbation 242
Purposes of Masturbation 244
Ethnicity and Masturbation 246
Self-Pleasuring Techniques 246
Sexual Expression: The Importance of Context 247
The Context of Sexual Expression 248
The Maltz Hierarchy 248
Frequency of Partner Sexual Activity 250
Kissing and Touching 251
Kissing 251
Touching 252

xiv Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Oral–Genital Stimulation 253
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Oral Sex Experiences Among American Men
and Women 255
Anal Sex Play and Penetration 256
Coitus and Coital Positions 257
Kink Lite 260
Intercourse the Tantric Way 261

Summary 262

ChapTEr 9

Sexual Orientations 264

A Continuum of Sexual Orientations 265

Sexual Fluidity 266
Asexuality 267
Bisexuality 268
Homosexuality 270
What Determines Sexual Orientation? 271
Psychosocial Theories 271
Research Into Biological Factors 272
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Where Does Straight End and Gay Begin? 273
Societal Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality 275
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Homosexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective 275
Judeo-Christian Attitudes Toward Homosexuality 277
From Sin to Sickness 278
Homophobia 279
The Gay Rights Movement 281
The Stonewall Incident and Beyond 282
Decriminalization of Private Sexual Behavior 282
Antidiscrimination 282
Legal Civil Marriage for Same-Sex Couples 283
Homosexuality and the Media 285
Coming Out 286
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Guidelines for Coming Out to Friends 290
Homosexual Relationships in Context 292

Summary 295

ChapTEr 10

Contraception 297

Historical and Social Perspectives 298

Contraception in the United States 298
Contraception as a Contemporary Issue 299
SEX aND pOLITICS The Power of Pro-Life Anti-Contraception Politics 300
The Importance of Access to Contraception 301
Contraception as a Global Issue 302
Sharing Responsibility and Choosing a Birth Control Method 303
It Takes Two 303
Choosing a Birth Control Method 304
“Outercourse” 309

Contents xv

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Which Contraceptive Method Is Best for You? 310
Hormone-Based Contraceptives 310
Oral Contraceptives 310
The Vaginal Ring and the Transdermal Patch 313
Injected Contraceptives 313
Contraceptive Implant 314
Barrier and Spermicide Methods 314
Condoms 314
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Don’t Go Inside Without Your Rubbers On 316
Vaginal Spermicides 317
Cervical Barrier Devices 319
Intrauterine Devices 320
How the IUD Works 321
Emergency Contraception 322
Fertility Awareness Methods 324
Standard Days Method 324
Mucus Method 325
Calendar Method 325
Basal Body Temperature Method 325
Sterilization 326
Female Sterilization 326
Male Sterilization 327
Unreliable Methods 328
Nursing 328
Withdrawal 328
Douching 328
New Directions in Contraception 329
New Directions for Men 329
New Directions for Women 329
Summary 330

ChapTEr 11

Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 332

Parenthood as an Option 333

Becoming Pregnant 334
Enhancing the Possibility of Conception 334
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Preselecting a Baby’s Sex: Technology
and Cross-Cultural Issues 334
Infertility 335
Reproductive Alternatives 338
Pregnancy Detection 341
Spontaneous and Elective Abortion 342
Miscarriage and Stillbirth 342
Elective Abortion 343
How Women Decide 343
Shared Responsibility 343
Psychological Reactions to Abortion 344
Pregnancy Risk Taking and Abortion 344
Rates of Abortion 345

xvi Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Procedures for Abortion 345
Illegal Abortions 347
The Abortion Controversy 348
SEX aND pOLITICS Abortion Restrictions at the State Level 350
The Experience of Pregnancy 352
The Woman’s Experience 352
The Man’s Experience 353
Sexual Interaction During Pregnancy 353
A Healthy Pregnancy 354
Fetal Development 354
Prenatal Care 355
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Folic Acid and Fetal Development 357
Risks to Fetal Development 358
Pregnancy After Age 35 360
Fatherhood After Age 45 360
Childbirth 360
Contemporary Childbirth 361
Stages of Childbirth 361
After Childbirth 363
Breast-Feeding 364
Sexual Interaction After Childbirth 366

Summary 368

ChapTEr 12

Sexuality During Childhood

and Adolescence 369
Sexual Behavior During Infancy and Childhood 370
Infant Sexuality 370
Childhood Sexuality 371
The Physical Changes of Adolescence 375
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY American Ethnic Diversity in Age at Menarche 376
Sexual Behavior During Adolescence 378
The Sexual Double Standard 378
Masturbation 379
Noncoital Sexual Expression 379
Ongoing Sexual Relationships 380
Adolescent Sexting 381
Sexual Intercourse 381
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY American Ethnic Diversity in Adolescent
Sexual Experiences 384
Homosexuality 387
SEX aND pOLITICS Antigay Harassment/Bullying of Teenagers 388
The Effect of AIDS on Teenage Sexual Behavior 389
Adolescent Pregnancy 390
Negative Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy 390
Use of Contraceptives 391
Strategies for Reducing Teenage Pregnancy 392

Contents xvii

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 Sex Education 394
Answering Children’s Questions About Sex 394
Initiating Conversations When Children Do Not Ask Questions 395
School-Based Sex Education 397
SEX aND pOLITICS Abstinence-Only Sex Education 398
Summary 399

ChapTEr 13

Sexuality and the Adult Years 401

Single Living 402

Singles and the Internet 403
Cohabitation 404
Marriage 405
Marriage in Current Collectivist and Individualist Cultures 405
SEX aND pOLITICS Marriage in Crisis 407
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Where Women Choose 408
Marriage in the United States 409
Changing Expectations and Marital Patterns 410
Interracial Marriage 412
Predicting Marital Satisfaction 412
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Know Your Partner 413
Sexual Behavior and Satisfaction in Marriage 414
Nonmonogamy 415
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Extramarital Sexuality in Other Cultures 415
Consensual Nonmonogamy 416
Nonconsensual Extramarital Relationships 417
Divorce 421
Explaining the High Divorce Rate 421
Reasons People Give for Divorce 422
Adjusting to Divorce or Breakup of Long-Term Relationships 422
Sexuality and Aging 423
The Double Standard and Aging 423
Sexual Activity in Later Years 424
Last Love 427
Widowhood 427
Summary 428

ChapTEr 14

Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 430

YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Index of Sexual Satisfaction 433

Specific Sexual Difficulties 434
Desire-Phase Difficulties 434
Excitement-Phase Difficulties 435
Orgasm-Phase Difficulties 436
Dyspareunia 438
Origins of Sexual Difficulties 440
Physiological Factors 440
Cultural Influences 445
Individual Factors 447
xviii Contents

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 "They said I was a thief—they said I had taken
something of Lady Millicent's. They were coming to search
my box, and I ran away."

"But why did you, Prin?" asked Bert, looking perplexed

and troubled. "You should have stayed and let them search
your box, then they would have known that you had not
stolen it. But now they will most likely think that you've got
whatever it was, and taken it away with you. It wasn't like
you, Prin, to be so foolish."

"I suppose I did not think of that," she said, looking

down.

"You didn't walk from Hampshire, surely?" he said, as

his eyes fell on her boots.

She nodded.

"Most of the way," she said. "I didn't dare to take a train
on their line, for fear they should telegraph and have me
stopped at the station. I lay under a hedge last night, and
as soon as it was light, I got up and walked on. Then a
carrier's cart overtook me, and I got a lift. It was going to
Weybridge, and there I took the train for London."

"You must be dreadfully tired," said Bert, looking

compassionately at her; "you'd better get to bed at once."

"Oh," she cried, with a sudden wail of distress, "I wish I

had not done it!" Then looking round her fearfully, she
added, "You don't think they'll find me here, do you, Bert?
Perhaps we had better go somewhere else."

"Why should you be afraid of their finding you, if you

haven't got it?" asked Bert. "Of course you wouldn't be
likely to steal. 'We're poor, but we're honest!' as father used
to say. What was it they thought you had taken?"

"Oh, do be quiet! You'll drive me mad with your

questions!" cried Prin angrily. "I am not going to say
another word, so there."

She began to undress. When she took off her stockings,

it appeared that her feet were sore and blistered, and Bert
fetched some water and bathed them for her. Then she lay
down, and almost immediately fell into an uneasy sleep.
Bert sat and watched her, his mind full of perplexity and
trouble. Presently Prin began to move from side to side in
her sleep, and to talk rapidly.

"They're coming! They're coming!" she would cry. "Don't

let them find me, Bert! Can't you hide me somewhere? Tell
them I haven't got it. Oh, how it sparkles! Can they see it in
the dark? It's Lady Millicent's; but if she's going to die, she
won't want it; she doesn't care for it, anyhow. Oh, Bert,
Bert, help me—don't leave me! I'm so frightened."

"I'm here, Prin. You need not be afraid. I won't leave

you," Bert made reply.

His high, clear tones seemed to reach her troubled brain

even in her sleep, with power to calm. She grew quieter.
Bert meant to watch beside her all night, but weariness
overpowered him. He stretched himself at the foot of the
bed, intending to rest but a few minutes, and fell into the
sound slumber of a boy accustomed to sleep under the
most unfavourable circumstances.

When he woke it was daylight, and the area-room,

gloomy at the best of times, was as bright as it ever could
be. Prin was awake, but complained of feeling very ill. She
had terrible pain in her head and limbs. Bert ran out and
bought some tea—a luxury he rarely indulged in himself—
and made her a cup. She drank it eagerly, but it did not
prove the panacea he had hoped. He would fain have
brought Mrs. Brown to see her, but Prin passionately bid
him bar the door against every one. She would soon be all
right, if only she were left alone, she said. But though Bert
let her lie all day undisturbed, only giving her something to
drink when she asked him, she did not get better. At night
she was in a high fever, and by the next morning she was
delirious.

Then Bert had to seek the help of Mrs. Brown. She

came and looked at Prin from the doorway, but would not
venture nearer, being convinced that her malady must be
something "catching."

She sent for the parish doctor, but he did not come till
the afternoon, and meanwhile Bert suffered an agony of
suspense. Again the terrible question, "What if Prin should
die?" pierced his heart.

At last the doctor's step was heard hurriedly descending

to the area.

"What, is it you?" said Mr. Hurst, as he recognised the

boy. "And is the Princess ill again? Why, I thought she had
gone away?"

"So she did," said Bert; "but she came back the day
before yesterday."

"Ah! Came back ill?"

Bert nodded.

"Did they send her back because she was ill?"

 "Oh no; it wasn't that," said Bert; "she ran away
because they were unkind to her."

"Ran away! Unkind to her!" repeated the doctor, in

amazement.

"Yes; they said she had stolen something. Prin could not
stand that. She always was a spirit. So she ran away."

"Phew!" said the doctor expressively. "A very foolish

spirit."

Then he gave his attention to his patient. He went

thoroughly into her case, and seemed anxious to do his best
for her. There was no infection, he said. It was a fever
produced by exposure, over-fatigue, and distress of mind.
Perhaps influenza had something to do with it; but,
whatever it was, she could not be moved now, but must be
nursed where she lay.

"Who will nurse her?" asked the doctor. "Where's that

old woman who used to take care of you?"

"Mrs. Kay?" said Bert. "She's gone to Scotland; but I

can nurse Prin."

"You!" Mr. Hurst shrugged his shoulders expressively.

"It's a poor look-out, if she has only you to nurse her. I'll
see if I can get the district nurse to come; but her hands
are pretty full just now. Why didn't she stay where she was
well off?"

He looked at Prin. She was beginning to talk excitedly

again.

"Bert, Bert," she cried; "don't let them have it! It's
mine, I tell you. See how it sparkles! They're diamonds, real
diamonds, worth ever so much money. I only wish—"

Her voice fell and died away in confused murmurings.

"So," said the doctor, "her mind runs upon diamonds!

Curious what a fascination they have for her sex! Many a
woman is ready to sell her soul for them; but I should have
thought this child was too young to have felt the
temptation. But who knows! Perhaps the devil has thus
baited his trap for her too."

He was speaking to himself rather than to Bert, who

looked at him in wonder and made no reply, though the
words inspired him with a vague uneasiness.

Mr. Hurst then gave Bert various plain and simple

directions as to what he should do for his sister.

"Will she get better, sir?" Bert asked.

The doctor did not seem to hear the question.

"Now mind what I have told you," he said as he

departed. "I'll send the medicine directly, and you must give
it to her at once."

"All right," said Bert. But, left alone with his

unconscious sister in that dismal room, he felt as if nothing
were right.

Bert proved a better nurse than the doctor could have

believed. Love helped him to find out the best way of
waiting on the patient, and inducing her to swallow the milk
which the doctor had ordered her to have from time to
time. The thin, worn mattress had slipped out of place
under Prin's restless movements. Bert was exerting all his
strength to drag it back into its right position, when
suddenly a strange light flashed from beneath the corner he
had raised. What could it be that gleamed so in that dark
room? Bert turned up the mattress, and beheld, pinned to
its inner side, a brilliant sparkling thing, which on
examination proved to be a tiny brooch in the shape of a
star. With trembling fingers Bert unfastened it and laid it on
his palm, where, as the light fell on it, the costly ornament
emitted flashes of dazzling, rainbow-hued brilliance.

Bert knew instinctively that the radiant gems which

composed the brooch were diamonds of the utmost value.
The sight inspired him with terror. His face grew white to
the very lips as he looked at it, and the hand which held the
diamond star trembled. For to him that beautiful object had
the ugly face of a sin. He knew now what it was that Lady
Millicent had missed, and he knew that Prin had stolen it;
for assuredly no such radiant star had glittered on the dingy
mattress when he made the bed for his sister on the night
of her return. The discovery fell like a cruel blow on the
loving heart in which the Princess was enthroned.

CHAPTER XII
At the Last Extremity

THE diamond brooch seemed to burn Bert's fingers as

he held it, and he was glad to thrust it out of sight again
beneath the mattress. It was plain now why Prin in her
mental wanderings continually spoke of diamonds and
glittering things. Poor Prin! Her mind had been sorely
troubled in consequence of what she had done. Sin had
brought its penalty. Bert's first feeling of shame and
indignation changed to pity as he watched her. She was
very ill. Even Bert, in his inexperience, could perceive that
her sickness was "nigh unto death."

The district nurse came in and looked after the patient,

giving to her all the time she could spare from her other
cases, which unfortunately were very numerous; for there
was much sickness at this time in the close, stifling streets
of this poor neighbourhood. The doctor watched the case
carefully, but would answer no questions. Bert wondered
sadly what the end would be. He could not bear to think of
Prin lying cold and still, as he had seen his father lie.

Yet if she lived, would not the police be sure to find her
and the stolen brooch, and take her off to prison? Bert had
great faith in the omnipotence of the police. The thought of
the Princess in prison was terrible. Yet scarcely less
grievous was the thought of her guilt. God knew what she
had done. God's eye could see the glittering thing hidden
beneath the mattress. And God would punish sin. Was it too
late to pray, "Deliver her from evil"?

The third day of Prin's illness was drawing to its close.

Bert had drawn down the blind and lighted the solitary
candle which illumined the room. The Princess had been
very ill all day. The nurse had seen her in the morning, and
had promised, if possible, to come in later; but she had not
come. Bert was feeling intensely anxious about his sister,
who had ceased to talk, and now lay in a heavy slumber.

In vain he had tried to induce her to swallow the milk

and brandy which the nurse had told him to give her every
hour. He had found it impossible to administer it, and he
longed for the nurse to come to his help. The outside world
was noisy as usual. Never had there been a greater turmoil
in the street; but Prin was unconscious of it all. It seemed
as if nothing would rouse her. As he sat beside her, Bert
himself grew drowsy from protracted watching. His head
began to nod as he sat there. How long he thus lost himself
he could not have told, when suddenly he sprang up, roused
to quick consciousness by Prin's voice. To his surprise, he
saw her sitting up in bed and looking about her with a
bewildered air.

"Bert," she said, "are you there? Where am I? Have I

been ill? What place is this?"

"Why, it's our little room, Prin, where we used to live,

don't you know? And you have been ill, very ill; but I'm so
glad you're better."

"Where is Lady Millicent?" Prin asked. "Wasn't she here

just now?"

"Oh no, Prin. No one's been here except me and the

nurse and the doctor."

"But she was here," persisted Prin, "you must have

been asleep. She came and stood beside me, and put her
soft little hand on my forehead, and said how sorry she
was. She said she forgave me, but she was so sorry;
because she was going to heaven, and she wanted me to go
there too, but I couldn't if I did such things. Oh, Bert, where
is she now?"

"She has not been here, Prin. You are mistaken. It is all
a dream."

"It can't be a dream," persisted Prin, "I saw her as plain

as possible, and I can feel her touch on my forehead now.
Is it—is it all a dream that I took the brooch?"
 "No, Prin, that's not a dream," said Bert sadly. "It's here
under the bed."

Prin uttered a wail of distress and sank back on the

pillow. All strength seemed to go from her.

She began to speak; but so faintly that Bert could

hardly hear what she said.

"Oh," she murmured, "I can't think what made me do it.

And she loved me so. You must take it back to her, Bert;
you must tell her how sorry I am. Oh, I feel so ill. Am I
going to die?"

"Oh no, not now, Prin," cried Bert; "you are better, I am
sure. And the doctor will be here directly. He said he would
look in again to-night."

"If he does not come soon, I shall die," she said faintly.
"Oh, Bert, I don't want to die—I am so afraid!"

She would have said more, but utterance failed her. Her
voice died away. She drew one deep breath, and then there
was a stillness which appalled Bert. He bent over her in
terror. He tried to force milk down her throat, but it ran out
of her mouth as fast as he put it in. He laid his hand on her
forehead, and it felt cold and clammy. He called to her
loudly, but her ears were deaf to his cry.

Then his heart sank very low, and hope died within him.
He caught up the candle, and held it so that its light fell full
on Prin's face. The features were set, the eyes half-closed,
the mouth a little open, and the countenance was ghastly in
its pallor. Just so had he seen his father look when he was
dead. So, it was all over. Prin too was dead! With a cry of
despair, Bert cast himself face downwards on the bed.
 He was roused by a resounding knock on the door. He
started up in a dazed condition and went to open it. Two
men stood at the foot of the steps. They were not attired as
police officers, yet instinctively Bert divined their errand.

"There is a girl living here named Sinclair?" said one.

Bert made no reply.

"She's your sister, isn't she?" said the other.

Bert nodded.

The look of the boy's pale, woe-begone face touched

the man's heart, and he said kindly, "I am afraid we've
come to bring you trouble, my little man. We have to arrest
your sister on the charge of stealing a diamond brooch from
the house of Lord Ravenscourt, near Petersfield."

"It's true, she took it," said Bert sadly. "I have it here,
and I'll give it to you. But you can't take Prin, for she's
gone."

"Gone!" repeated the foremost man sharply. "Where?

When?" And he pushed forward into the room.

"She's dead," said Bert.

"Dead!" the two men exclaimed together, in startled

tones. They were dismayed and awed. They stood by the
door and looked uneasily towards the bed on which the still
form lay.

"When did she die?" asked one.

"A few minutes ago," said Bert.

 Then the other man walked to the bed and looked
closely at Prin, and laid his hand on her forehead.

"It's so," he said; "she's dead."

Bert burst out sobbing; but, struggling with his sobs, he

searched beneath the mattress and brought out the
diamond star, which he gave to the officers.

"That's it," he said, "and please, when you give it to

Lady Millicent, will you say that Prin was very sorry at the
last?"

"All right, I'll see about it," said the man, conscious of a
queer lump in his throat as he spoke. "And now, what are
you going to do? You must get some woman to come and
help you."

"The nurse will be here directly," said Bert, "and the

doctor too is coming."

"Oh, then, they'll see about things," said the man,

relieved. He was oppressed by the atmosphere of that
gloomy room and the awful presence of death, and was
anxious to get away, though it seemed hard to leave the
boy alone with his dead.

"Come, Joe," he said to his subordinate, "we can do no

good here."

So they went out. At the head of the area steps, they

encountered the doctor, and paused to have a few words
with him. But they did not descend again to the room. Even
a police officer may have a heart too soft for his profession,
and familiarity with painful scenes may fail to render it
callous.
 CHAPTER XIII
Dead and Alive Again

BERT was crouching on the bed close to his sister when

the doctor came into the room. Dead or alive, Prin was Prin,
and Bert felt no awe of her. He was bending over her, and
his tears were dropping on her forehead. The doctor took
hold of him forcibly and lifted him from the bed.

"Come, this won't do," he said. "You must not give way.
Just let me have a look at her. It's all over, they tell me."

Bert made no reply, having no voice at his command.

Dr. Hurst touched Prin's still form, straightened it, and laid
his hand on her heart. Then he uttered a startled cry.

"She lives yet! I can feel her heart beat. Quick, boy,
give me the brandy, quick!"

There was but a small quantity at hand. The doctor

succeeded in pouring it all down his patient's throat; then
he called to Bert for water. The boy flew to fetch it, and to
his joy met the nurse at the door. She had come in time,
not to lay out the dead, but to help to revive the living.

Doctor and nurse worked together in breathless

excitement for some minutes. Their efforts were rewarded.
Hope grew as they worked, till, after about a quarter of an
hour, the girl drew a deep, natural breath, and opened her
eyes.

"She will live," whispered the doctor; and Bert caught

the words, and ran out of the room, that he might sob
freely.

The nurse sat up with the patient that night, for her
weakness was extreme, and she might yet slip away if she
were not assiduously cared for. But the hours of the night
brought no relapse, and the morning found Prin better.

"She'll do now," said Dr. Hurst, rubbing his hands with

satisfaction. "It's the narrowest escape I ever saw. If I had
come in a minute later, it might have been too late.

"Don't you be in such a hurry to jump to conclusions

another time, young man," he added, as he turned to Bert;
"but there! We'll hope there'll be no more times such as
this."

Bert devoutly hoped so too. Yet thankful as he was that

Prin was restored to life, there was a burden on the boy's
mind as he thought of the future.

"Will the police want her now, sir?" he asked anxiously

of the doctor.

"Ah, the police!" said Dr. Hurst, looking grave. "That is a

bad business. So, she was only a sham princess after all!"

"Of course she was never a real one," said Bert.

"Ah! But she might have been!" said the doctor. "'Tis
only noble to be good. Every good, true woman is of royal
lineage, no matter who her parents were."
 "And Prin was not good and true," said Bert sadly; "I
will never call her Princess again."

"Don't say that," said Dr. Hurst; "she may be worthy of

the title yet. She has life before her, and may live to be
thankful for the fall which taught her the misery of wrong-
doing. Do you know, lad, there is a ladder by which men
and women may climb upwards, and the rungs of that
ladder are formed of the mistakes and sins of the past? It is
painful climbing for most of us; but she is young, and it will
be easier for her."

"Oh, I hope so," said Bert, only half-grasping the

meaning of the doctor's words.

Just then there was a rap on the door. Bert ran to open
it. A gentleman stood in the narrow space at the foot of the
steps. His bearing was such that he looked strangely out of
place in that dingy spot, and catching sight of him, the
doctor hastened forward.

"Is there not a girl lying dead here whose name was
Sinclair?" he asked, with some hesitation of manner.

"Not dead, sir!" cried Bert excitedly. "She's come to life

again."

"Indeed!" said the gentleman, in amazement. "A police

officer called at my house last night and told me she was
dead."

Then the doctor stepping out and closing the door

behind him, lest their words should reach the ears of his
patient, began to explain Bert's extraordinary statement.

The gentleman listened in astonishment. "I should have

thought the policeman might have known," he said.
 "So should I," said the doctor; "but—" He shrugged his
shoulders expressively.

"Well, I am glad the poor girl still lives," said the

gentleman. "Can I see her?"

The doctor shook his head. "I dare not risk the effect of
excitement," he said.

"No doubt you are right," said the gentleman. "I must
wait till another time. I am Lord Ravenscourt. The
policeman brought me last night the diamond brooch found
here, which the girl stole from my daughter."

He spoke quietly and sadly.

"Oh, sir!" broke in Bert, who stood between them, his

tones quivering with emotion. "Please don't send Prin to
prison! She's so sorry now that she took the brooch. She
told me last night, before she died, as I thought, how sorry
she was, and begged me to take the brooch back to Lady
Millicent and ask her to forgive her. Oh, sir, will you ask
Lady Millicent to forgive Prin? And if some one must go to
prison, please let it be me!"

For a moment Lord Ravenscourt did not reply. Tears

seemed to be glistening in his eyes when he said very
gently,—

"Do not be afraid, my boy. Neither you nor your sister

shall go to prison. But it is not in my power to give your
message to Lady Millicent. She is in heaven. She passed
away last evening."

"Last evening! And it was at that time that Prin had

believed that she had a visit from Lady Millicent!" Bert
marvelled; but he could not speak of that which was in his
mind.

There was a silence which appeared long to all three,

though it lasted only a few moments. Then Lord
Ravenscourt said, speaking with an effort: "You may assure
your sister of Lady Millicent's forgiveness. She loved her to
the last, although she made such a base return for her love.
It was the discovery of that which hastened my daughter's
end. But we will not speak of it. Lady Millicent asked me to
tell your sister that she forgave her and hoped to meet her
in heaven. A week ago my daughter made her little will.
She wanted to leave your sister the diamond brooch,
because she knew how much she admired it; but I
persuaded her that it would not be a suitable bequest, and
a sum of money was substituted, to be spent on the girl's
education."

Lord Ravenscourt paused abruptly. He became aware

that he was speaking to a larger audience than he had
imagined. Children were swarming on the pavement and
hanging over the railings of the area. Women stood in the
doorway above his head; others leaned out of the windows
of the house. From every possible point of view, persons of
more or less doubtful respectability were watching the
strange gentleman, and straining their ears to hear what he
was saying.

"I must go," said Lord Ravenscourt to the doctor. "You

will let me know as soon as it is safe to move your patient.
We must take her down to the country again. And the boy
too. We must see what we can do for him."

Then he hurried up the steps, the crowd scattering to

right and left at his approach, sprang into his hansom, and
drove away.
 "You may consider your fortune made, young man,"
said the doctor gleefully, as he and Bert went back into the
room. Lord Ravenscourt's coming was to prove a good thing
for him also, but that he could not foresee.

His foresight concerning the children proved true. Lord

Ravenscourt was a good friend to them for his daughter's
sake. Bert never knew again what it was to be lonely and
ragged and hungry.

Prin's repentance was genuine. As she regained health

and strength, her life was lived on a higher level. Her feet
were on the ladder the top of which reaches to heaven, and
she was seeking to follow in the steps of Lady Millicent, who
had followed Christ.

Bert from time to time had good news of his old friend,
Mr. Corney, or, as he now signed his letters, "Cornelius
Theophilus Grant." His hopes for his sister were fulfilled,
and she too was climbing the ladder and trampling under
foot the sins of the past, strengthened by the Mighty Friend,
whose hand she grasped as she toiled upward.

Bert could never forget the experiences of his

childhood, nor lose his vivid consciousness of the evil that
ruins human lives. His strongest desire as he grew up was
to fight that evil—the evil within as well as that without—
trusting for the victory to Him, whose is the "kingdom, and
the power, and the glory, for ever."

THE END.
 Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome,
and London.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHAM PRINCESS
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