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 RAY TRICKER
SAMANTHA ALFORD

Building
Regulations
Pocket Book
Building Regulations
Pocket Book

This handy guide provides you with all the information you need to comply with the UK
Building Regulations and Approved Documents. On site, in the van, in the office, wherever
you are, this is the book you’ll refer to time and time again to double check the regulations
on your current job.
The Building Regulations Pocket Book is the must have reliable and portable guide to
compliance with the Building Regulations.

•• Part 1 provides an overview of the Building Act

•• Part 2 offers a handy guide to the dos and don’ts of gaining the Local Council’s approval
for Planning Permission and Building Regulations Approval
•• Part 3 presents an overview of the requirements of the Approved Documents associated
with the Building Regulations
•• Part 4 is an easy to read explanation of the essential requirements of the Building
Regulations that any architect, builder or DIYer needs to know to keep their work safe
and compliant on both domestic or non-domestic jobs

This book is essential reading for all building contractors and sub-contractors, site engineers,
building engineers, building control officers, building surveyors, architects, construction site
managers, DIYers and homeowners having work done on their property.

Ray Tricker is the Senior Consultant (Management Systems) of Herne European Consultancy
Ltd (a company offering organisations access to highly skilled and specialist consultants to help
them enhance their business performance), and is also an established author, with over 50
titles published. He served with the Royal Corps of Signals (for a total of 37 years) during which
time he held various managerial posts culminating in being appointed as the Chief Engineer of
NATO’s Communication Security Agency (ACE COMSEC).

Samantha Alford is an established technical author, instructor and business management

specialist. She has over 25 years’ experience in Capability Planning, Governance, Oversight
and Event Management and is a Director and Owner of Professional Procurement & Project
Management Ltd, a company offering outstanding support and advice on strategic and
operational procurement. Samantha has a strong supply chain, planning, business and
performance management background, and has assisted a variety of organisations with advisory
services for fundraising, business planning and process documentation. Samantha has provided
these services in both the private and not for profit sectors.
Building Regulations
Pocket Book

Ray Tricker and Samantha Alford

First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

 2018 Ray Tricker and Samantha Alford

The right of Ray Tricker and Samantha Alford to be identified as authors of this work
has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered

trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Tricker, Ray, author. | Alford, Samantha, author.
Title: Building regulations pocket book / Ray Tricker and Samantha Alford.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor
& Francis Group, an Informa Business, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017040869| ISBN 9780815368373 (hbk : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780815368380 (pbk : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781351254809 (ebk : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Building laws—England. | Great Britain. Building Act 1984. |
LCGFT: Administrative regulations.
Classification: LCC KD1140 .T754 2018 | DDC 343.4207/869—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017040869

ISBN: 978-0-815-36837-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-815-36838-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-25480-9 (ebk)

Typeset in Goudy Old Style

by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK
Contents

Preface ix
About the authors xi

Part I 1
1 Background information 3
1.1 What is the Building Act 1984? 3
1.2 What does the Building Act 1984 contain? 4
1.3 What are the Supplementary Regulations? 4
1.4 What are ‘Approved Documents’? (Building Act 1984
Section 6) 4
1.5 How are buildings classified? (Building Act 1984 Section 34) 6
1.6 Who polices the Building Act? 6
1.7 How is building work evaluated for conformance with the
Building Regulations? 7
1.8 What are the duties of the Local Authority? 7
1.9 What are the powers of the Local Authority? 7
1.10 Who are Approved Inspectors? 8
1.11 What Notices and Certificates are required? 8
1.12 Can appeals be made against a Local Authority’s ruling? 9
1.13 Are there any exemptions from Building Regulations? 10
1.14 Can I apply for a relaxation in certain circumstances? 11
1.15 What is ‘Type Approval’? 11
1.16 What causes some plans for building work to be rejected? 11
1.17 Must I complete the approved work in a certain time? 11
1.18 What happens if I contravene any of these requirements? 11
1.19 What about civil liability? 12
1.20 What is the ‘Building Regulations Advisory Committee’? 12
1.21 Does the Fire Authority have any say in Building
Regulations? 12
1.22 Can I change a plan of work once it has been approved? 12
1.23 What about dangerous buildings? 12
1.24 What about defective buildings? 14
1.25 What are the rights of the owner or occupier of the
premises? 14
vi Contents

Part II 15
2 Requirements for Planning Permission and Building
Regulations approval 17
2.1 Advertising 18
2.2 Aerials, satellite dishes and flagpoles 19
2.3 Basements 20
2.4 Biomass-fuelled appliances 21
2.5 Ceilings and floors 21
2.6 Central heating 22
2.7 Change of use 23
2.8 Conservatories 26
2.9 Conversions 27
2.10 Converting an old building 28
2.11 Decoration and repairs inside and outside a building 29
2.12 Demolition 31
2.13 Doors and windows 31
2.14 Drains and sewers 32
2.15 Electrical work in the home or garden 33
2.16 Extensions 34
2.17 External walls 36
2.18 Fascias 37
2.19 Fences, gates and garden walls 37
2.20 Flats and maisonettes 38
2.21 Flues, chimneys or soil and vent pipes 39
2.22 Fuel tanks 40
2.23 Garages and carports 41
2.24 Hardstanding for a car, caravan or boat 42
2.25 Heat pumps 43
2.26 Hedges 45
2.27 Home energy generation 45
2.28 Hydroelectricity 45
2.29 Installing a swimming pool 45
2.30 Internal walls 46
2.31 Insulation 46
2.32 Kitchens and bathrooms 46
2.33 Laying a patio, decking or a driveway 47
2.34 Lighting 48
2.35 Loft conversions 48
2.36 Micro combined heat and power 49
2.37 New homes and self-build homes 49
2.38 Outbuildings 50
2.39 Paving your front garden 51
 Contents vii

2.40 Plumbing 51
2.41 Porch 52
2.42 Roof 52
2.43 Shops 53
2.44 Solar panels 54
2.45 Structural alterations – inside 57
2.46 Trees 57
2.47 Underpinning 58
2.48 Warehouses and industrial buildings 58
2.49 Wind turbines 59
2.50 Working from home 61

Part III 63
3 The requirements of the Approved Documents 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 A – Structure 67
3.3 B – Fire safety – Volume 1: Dwellinghouses and
Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellinghouses 68
3.4 C – Site preparation and resistance to contaminants
and moisture 70
3.5 D – Toxic substances 71
3.6 E – Resistance to the passage of sound 72
3.7 F – Ventilation 73
3.8 G – Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency 74
3.9 H – Drainage and waste disposal 77
3.10 J – Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems 81
3.11 K – Protection from falling, collision and impact 83
3.12 L – Conservation of fuel and power – Volume 1:
Dwellings and Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings 86
3.13 M – Access to and use of buildings – Volume 1:
Dwellings and Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings 87
3.14 P – Electrical safety – Design and installation of
electrical installations 89
3.15 Q – Security – Dwellings 90
3.16 R – In-building physical infrastructure 90

Part IV 91
4 Meeting the requirements of the Building Regulations 93
4.0 Introduction 93
4.1 Foundations 95
viii Contents

4.2 Ventilation 110

4.3 Drainage 135
4.4 Cellars and basements 157
4.5 Floors 162
4.6 Walls 188
4.7 Ceilings 233
4.8 Roofs 243
4.9 Chimneys and fireplaces 257
4.10 Stairs 272
4.11 Windows 293
4.12 Doors 309
4.13 Access routes 330
4.14 Corridors and passageways 342
4.15 Sanitary accommodation, bathrooms and showers 349
4.16 Electrical safety 362
4.17 Combustion appliances 374
4.18 Hot water storage 381
4.19 Liquid fuel 385
4.20 Kitchens and utility rooms 388
4.21 Loft conversions 396
4.22 Extensions and additions to buildings 401
4.23 Conservatories 409

Acronyms 414
Bibliography 415
Index 435
Preface

This is the 1st edition of the Building Regulations Pocket Book and it has been
produced in response to requests from readers asking for an abbreviated ver-
sion of our increasingly popular Building Regulations in Brief series (now in
its 9th edition). The joy of a pocket edition is that it can easily be transported
from office to site, put in a briefcase or just left in a van for reference pur-
poses. The aim of this pocket book, therefore, is to provide the reader with a
user-friendly, easy to read resumé of the current requirements of the Building
Regulations.
In effect, this Building Regulations Pocket Book is a précis of the most
important points contained in our more complete Building Regulations in
Brief book and it is envisaged that the two books should complement each
other. Where required, and by virtue of its extensive coverage, Building
Regulations in Brief can be used to provide more detail on all aspects of
building projects – large or small.
Building Inspectors, acting on behalf of Local Authorities, are primarily con-
cerned with whether a building complies with the requirements of the Building
Regulations, and this pocket book will provide them with a quick check list that
they can use during inspections.
Designers, architects and builders, through experience, are normally aware
of the overall requirements for building projects; however, they will still need
a reminder when they come across a different situation for the first time – and
this is where the pocket book will become invaluable.
But it is not just the professional trade that this book is aimed at, as this
book will also prove extremely useful to the average student, DIY enthusiast or
homeowner!
The overall aim of this pocket book, therefore, is to provide the reader with
a user-friendly, easy to read resumé of the current requirements of the Building
Regulations.

THE STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK

The Building Regulations Pocket Book includes all the key features of Building
Regulations in Brief, 9th edition (henceforth referred to as BRIB-9) and follows
a similar format. The four parts include:
x Preface

Part 1 An overview of the Building Act (based on Ch 1 of BRIB-9);

Part 2 A handy guide to the dos and don’ts of gaining Local Council
approval for Planning Permission and Building Regulations Approval (based
on Ch 5 of BRIB-9);
Part 3 An overview of the requirements of the Approved Documents associ-
ated with the Building Regulations (based on Ch 3 of BRIB-9);

and, probably what will become your primary guide for all building projects:

Part 4 A detailed resumé of the essential requirements of the Building

Regulations that an architect, builder, student or DIYer needs to be reminded
of concerning all aspects of a building, whether for domestic or non-domestic
use. This part is based on Chapters 6 and 7 of BRIB-9.

The book concludes with a list of acronyms, a bibliography and a full index.

Shaded boxes are used in Part 4 of the book to show either the full text of
the Building Regulation’s legal requirements or a paraphrased version of these
requirements.
About the authors

Ray Tricker (MSc, IEng, FIET, FCMI, FCQI CQP, FIRSE) is a senior
consultant with over 50 years’ continuous service in Quality,
Safety and Environmental Management, Project Management,
Communication Electronics, Railway Command, Control
and Signalling Systems, Information Technology and the
development of molecular nanotechnology.
He served with the Royal Corps of Signals (for a total
of 37 years) during which time he held various managerial
posts, culminating in being appointed as the Chief Engineer of NATO’s
Communication Security Agency (ACE COMSEC).
Most of Ray’s work since leaving the services has centred on the European
Railways. He has held a number of posts with the UIC (the worldwide profes-
sional association representing the railway sector) such as Quality Manager of the
European Train Control System (ETCS), European Rail Traffic Management System
(ERTMS) Users Group Project Coordinator and the HEROE Project Coordinator. At
the moment (as well as writing books on diverse subjects such as, the ISO 9001,
Building, Wiring and Water Regulations) he is busy assisting small businesses from
around the world (usually on a no-cost basis) to produce their own auditable Quality
and/or Integrated Management Systems to meet the requirements of ISO 9001,
ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 etc. He is also a UKAS Assessor (for the assessment
of certification bodies for the harmonization of the Trans-European, High Speed,
Railway Network) and recently he was the Quality, Safety and Environmental
Manager overseeing the multi-billion dollar Trinidad Rapid Rail System.
Currently he is working as the Senior Management Consultant for Herne
European Consultancy Ltd – a company specialising in offering organisations
access to a range of highly skilled and specialist consultants to help these
companies enhance their business performance.
One day he says he might retire!

Samantha Alford MSc MCIPS is an established techni-

cal author, instructor and business management specialist.
She has over 25 years’ continuous service in the capability
planning, management, governance and oversight areas.
Samantha has extensive experience in business manage-
ment including strategic planning, outsourcing, contract
xii About the authors

tendering, award and supervision. She served in the Royal Air Force for 17 years
where she gained a breadth of skills and has significant understanding of man-
aging the requirements for equipment programs with typical values in excess of
£20 million. She also was the senior personnel manager for complex teams in
highly dispersed and challenging environments.
In the 11 years since leaving the services she has been working as a self-
employed Technical Author. With a strong supply chain, planning, business and
performance management background Samantha has assisted local charities
with the organisation of their fundraising efforts, and advised local companies
on the production of business planning documentation and websites.
Samantha has worked in the voluntary sector in the South Manchester area
as a School Governor, PTA Chair and Royal British Legion Volunteer. She contin-
ues to deliver a bespoke ‘university survival’ cookery course that she designed
for the 6th Form at a Local Grammar School.
Samantha is a Director of Professional Procurement and Project Management
Limited – a company offering outstanding support and advice on both strategic
and operational procurement and technical authorship to cover client require-
ments including quality management systems, procurement processes, operating
procedures, system design, process mapping, governance procedures and full
technical authorship as required.
PART I
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 [27] Oriental Proverbs, No. 122.
[28] Appendix, No. 32.
[29] Oriental Proverbs and Sayings, No. 123.
[30] Oriental Proverbs, No. 124.
[31] Oriental Proverbs, No. 125.
[32] Oriental Proverbs, No. 126.
[33] Oriental Proverbs, No. 127.
[34] Ibid. No. 128.
[35] Oriental Proverbs and Sayings, No. 129.
[36] Oriental Proverbs and Sayings, No. 130.
[37] A terrace to sit and converse on.
[38] Appendix, No. 33.
[39] Appendix, No. 34.
[40] See the two leaves of this bulb in the foreground of the
portrait of the Bushwoman.
[41] Oriental Proverbs and Sayings, No. 131.
[42] Ibid. No. 132.
[43] Ibid. No. 133.
[44] Oriental Proverbs, No. 134.
[45] Oriental Proverbs, No. 135.
[46] Oriental Proverbs, No. 136.
[47] Oriental Proverbs, No. 137.
[48] See the Plate entitled “Kalsās,” Fig. 3.
[49] Oriental Proverbs, No. 138.
[50] Oriental Proverbs, No. 139.
[51] Oriental Proverbs, No. 140.
[52] Oriental Proverbs, No. 141.
[53] Oriental Proverbs, No. 142.
[54] Oriental Proverbs, No. 143.
[55] Classically Mare—therefore feminine.
[56] Written at St. Leonard’s-on-Sea.
[57] Oriental Proverbs, No. 144.
[58] Ibid. No. 145.
[59] Ibid. No. 146.
[60] Ibid. No. 147.
 APPENDIX.
No. I.—Copy of the inscription in the church of
Tanworth, Warwickshire.—Vol. i. p. 58.
“Heu Pietas! heu prisca Fides!”
“Sacred to the memory of Andrew Lord Archer, Baron of
Umberslade, who died April 25th, 1778, ætatis forty-one, and
lies interred in the family vault beneath. He was the last male
descendant of an ancient and honourable family that came
over with William the Conqueror, and settled in the county of
Warwick in the reign of King Henry the Second, from whom
his ancestors obtained grants of land in the said county. He
married Sarah, the daughter of James West, Esquire, of
Alscot, by whom he has left four daughters.
“To perpetuate his fair fame this monument is erected by
her who knew and loved his virtues.”

In the Peerage of England by Arthur Collins, Esq., vol. vii. p. 359,

4th edition, is the following account:—
“This family, one of the most ancient in Warwickshire, came out of
Normandy, where some of the name, bearing the same arms, are
yet existing. In Stow’s Annals, printed in 1615, is a list taken from a
table anciently in Battle Abbey, of those who came into England with
William Duke of Normandy, in which the name of Archer is inserted;
also in an ancient roll, cited by Stow, of the names of the chief
noblemen, &c. who, in 1066, accompanied William the Conqueror
into England, collected by Thomas Scriven, Esq., the name of Archer
occurs.”
 Edward Gwynn, Esq., a learned antiquary in the reign of King
James the First, demonstrates very clearly, that Fulbert l’Archer, with
his son Robert, came into England with William the Conqueror; and
that the said Fulbert was in England, and of eminent degree, is
apparent, by his being witness to several concessions of Geffery de
Clinton, a Norman, who was treasurer and lord chamberlain to King
Henry the First, and founder of the monastery of Kenilworth in
Warwickshire.
Mr. Gwynn in his dissertation further recites, that Robert l’Archer
also accompanied his father Fulbert into England with William the
Conqueror; and was in such estimation for his learning, that the said
king appointed him to instruct his son, King Henry the First (then
prince), who, to his tutor’s credit, was (as Gemmeticencis saith)
“Justitiæ ac pacis sectator, religionis amator, iniquorum, et furum
ferventissimus punitor, inimicorum suorum, non solum excellentium
Principum, et Comitum, verum et nominatissimorum Regum
fælicissimus Triumphator.” How well he deserved the respect and
esteem of the said prince, and how well he was rewarded by him,
when he came to be king, the following grant fully manifests:
“Henricus, Dei Gratia, &c. Sciatis Nos dedisse et concessisse,
Roberto l’Archer, magistro meo, et hæred. suis, &c. Manor de
Aldermanson, Fynchampsted, Coletrope, Speresholt, Chewlewe, &c.
in com. Berks.” Which manors and lands thereunto belonging King
Henry II. confirmed to William l’Archer, his son. King Henry I.’s
estimation of the said Robert l’Archer, and the account he made of
his service, may be conceived in vouchsafing to call him his master,
also by his liberal donations to him.

No. II.—To freeze ice cream in an English freezing

pail, enough for a large party.
The freezing pail should always be of pewter,—those from England
are the best. The natives make them of a composition that answers
well, but it is necessary to be careful in this respect, lest, having a
portion of lead in them, the ice should be rendered poisonous from
the effect of the lime-juice. The lid of the freezing pail ought to be
made with a catch to prevent its coming off when the pail is turned
round by the hand in the bucket of ice. The freezing pail should be
of pewter, because it prevents the contents of the vessel from
congealing too quickly, and there is time to mix them thoroughly; for
on this, in a great measure, depends the excellence of the ice: if it
be made of tin, the congelation is too rapid, and the materials have
not time enough to allow of their being well mixed.
When an article is iced, it does not lose its sweetness; no
additional sugar or syrup is requisite; the loss of sweetness arises
from the materials not being properly mixed or worked with a
bamboo or spaddle when in the freezing pail. The natives do not
open the freezing pail and stir the mixture with a spaddle; on the
contrary, they fasten the lid down securely by putting paste all round
the edges: consequently, their cream ice is as hard as real ice itself.
Properly stirred it resembles hard snow, after the fashion of the
Parisian ice cream.

No. III.—Strawberry or raspberry ice cream.

Cream three-fourths, fresh milk one-fourth, five large table-
spoonfuls of jam; two ditto of fresh lime-juice, one ditto of colouring
mixture. If you find it not sweet enough, add a little syrup or melted
sugar, not pounded sugar. Beat the cream, milk, and jam through a
hair sieve, and mix them well; add the lime-juice and the colouring
mixture; stir it well, and put it into the freezing pail. The pail holds
about two quarts. Take a deep ice basket, lay a bazār blanket inside,
place within it a clean dry bucket, put the freezing pot into the
bucket.

No. IV.—Freezing mixture.

 Half ser nowshādar (sal ammoniac), one ser common salt, one ser
saltpetre, with eight or ten ser of ice. The saltpetre and salt should
be previously roughly pounded. Mix the whole of this together
quickly in a blanket; put the mixture into the bucket until it is nearly
up to the top and all round the freezing pail; turn the freezing pail
round and round in the mixture, holding it by the handle for ten
minutes, then leave it for a quarter of an hour, cover the top with
ice; cover up all inside with the blanket, and put on the cover of the
ice basket; do not let it stand near a tattī. In the course of ten
minutes or a quarter of an hour, open the freezing pail, stir the
cream round with a long wooden spoon, or a bit of bamboo, cut flat,
or a spaddle. You will find it has congealed on the sides, but not in
the centre; remove the spoon, put on the lid, turn the pail round for
a short time, and cover it up again; this must be repeated until the
cream is properly frozen, when it is fit for use. Should the cream not
have frozen properly, the freezing mixture, if any remain over, or
more ice, may be put into the bucket. In about an hour, or a little
more, the cream ice will be ready. It should not be made until just
before it is required for use.
Cream ices may be made with strawberry, raspberry, or any other
jam in the above manner. The jam imported from France is finer and
more reasonable than that sent from England.

No. V.—To freeze two quarts of strawberry cream in a

native kulfī.
The khānsāmāns make ice in a pewter vessel, called a kulfī; it
contains a quart, and ought to have a removable lid. The bottom of
the kulfī should be a fixture. For two kulfīs of this size take eight
chhattaks of saltpetre, eight ditto salt, four ditto nowshādar (sal
ammoniac); mix them together, having first pounded them
separately. Mix these ingredients with ice sufficient to fill an
earthenware pan, that with a broad mouth will hold two kulfīs
standing erect in it. Having put your kulfīs in the jar, surround them
with ice nearly to the rim; put the remainder of the ice into a napkin,
and lay it over the top of the kulfīs; then cover over the whole with
an earthenware cover. Open the kulfīs in a quarter of an hour, and
stir the cream with a flat bamboo, which is a better thing than a
spoon for the purpose; cover them up; open again in another
quarter of an hour, stir, and leave them for four hours; no fresh ice
need be added.
For one kulfī half the quantity of the mixture, and a smaller
earthenware pan.
To keep the whole from the effect of the air and the tattī, it is
better to place a bazār blanket in an ice-basket, then put in the
earthenware pan, and having done all as above directed, cover the
whole up with the blanket, and put on the cover of the ice-basket.
(See Ice-pits, Vol. i. pp. 76-84.)

Nos. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.—See G. A. Jarrin’s Italian

Confectioner, pp. 123-133. Also p. 229, for
colouring ice with cochineal, i.e. kirmīz i farangī.

No. XI.—To lacquer boxes.—Vol. i. p. 113.

Make your coloured wax of the best, clearest, and picked Chuppra
lakh, only adding the colour necessary; whilst the box is on the
lathe, having put a bit or two of lighted charcoal under it, turn the
lathe, press the wax upon the box, the wax will come off and
lacquer it; polish and smooth it with the dried leaf of the ālū.

No. XII.—Karand patthar, corundum stone, or

adamantine spar.—Vol. i. p. 114.
The cheapness and abundance of emery in Europe, and its being
nearly equal to corundum in hardness, have, perhaps, prevented the
Indian corundum from being brought home; but there appears every
probability that the substance which has been lately sold at a high
price in small quantities, under the name of diamond powder, said to
be from the diamond mines of India, and applied to the purpose of
sharpening razors and other cutlery, is nothing else than corundum
reduced to a fine powder. The common karand patthar of India, the
corundum or adamantine spar, so named from its hardness, will cut
and polish all stones except the diamond. By the natives it is used
with oil for removing rust from steel, after which the steel is re-
polished with buffalo horn and a semicircular steel instrument.

No. XIII.—Indian method of washing the hair.—Vol. i.

p. 136.
A quarter of a ser of basun, the yolks of two large eggs (no
whites), the juice of two or three limes; mix the whole in a basin
with cold water, add some hot water, strain it through a towel. Rub it
well into the roots of the hair, and wash it out by pouring warm
water over the head, until the hair is perfectly clean. The operation
is most agreeably performed in a hummām. In a bathing-room it is
necessary to have ready prepared six kedgerī pots of boiling water,
which can be mixed afterwards with cold. Having thoroughly dried
the hair, put a small quantity of oil upon it. Use no soap. Basun is
the pounded and sifted meal of gram, i.e. chanā.

No. XIV.—Take seven gelās (seed of mimosa

scandens), break and put the kernels into a
chhattak of water for a night; pound them, and
strain through muslin; add the juice of four or
five limes, and the yolks of two or three eggs;
wash the hair with the mixture.
No. XV.—Ink for taking impressions off Hindūstanī
seals.—Vol. i. p. 142.
Lampblack, one paisā, gond, (i.e. gum of the babūl, or gum
Arabic,) two chhattaks. Having ground both, dry the whole on a
plantain leaf. Mix two paisā of water with one of the mixture; boil,
and strain it for use. If not good add one grain of salt. Lampblack
made in unglazed pans is better than any other. The ink should be
put on the seal with the point of the finger. It should be very black,
and thick; but put on very thinly. The paper to be wetted with water
on a bit of muslin, and just patted down before the seal is pressed
on the spot. If the paper come off on the seal the former is not
damp enough. Use thick Chinese paper, or common writing paper.

No. XVI.—To recover the ink of faded writing.—Vol. i.

pp. 175, 176.
Fill up one quarter of a pint bottle with pounded gall nuts, add
spirits of wine or gin to fill the bottle. Put the letter in a plate, and
cover it with the mixture; after a short time the writing will become
visible.

No. XVII.—Vol. i. p. 114.

Because a woman is a she-wālā (wālā, a fellow).

No. XVIII.—Treatment of cholera.—Vol. i. p. 203.

Our medical adviser said, he considered the best treatment was,
“to give forty measured drops of laudanum in a glassful of brandy
and water every time the bowels are moved, which is preferable to
giving a greater quantity, as that would produce drowsiness. You
give opium to abate pain and stop the sickness, not to dull the
senses, which are too dull already. After the first few evacuations, all
that follow are like pipeclay and water,—one of the signs of cholera.”
Spirits of hartshorn in water we found very beneficial to the
natives. Colonel Gardner said, “Half a wine glass of the juice of
onions, rubbed up with ginger, red and black pepper, and garlic, I
have seen administered in desperate cases of cholera with great
success.”

No. XIX.—To prepare skeleton peepul leaves.—Vol. i.

p. 218.
Put a quantity of the fresh and finest leaves of the peepul into a
pan, containing two or three quarts of water. Leave the pan in some
distant part of the garden until the water wastes away, and the
green of the leaves is corrupt. In ten days’ time take up a leaf, and if
the green comes off, leaving the fibres perfect, it is time to remove
the leaves; but if any of the green still adhere, replace the leaf, and
let the whole remain in the dirty water for another ten days; after
which take them out, wash them with pure water, and with a soft
toothbrush gently brush off any part of the green that may still
adhere to the fibres. Leave them in clean water for some days, and
brush them daily, very gently, separately, and carefully, until the
skeleton is quite perfect. If not of a good colour bleach them by
exposure to the sun, and pour water over them now and then during
the exposure.

No. XX.—To copy drawings with talk—i.e. talc.—Vol. i.

p. 219.
First make your lampblack in this manner: Put a cotton wick into
an earthen saucer, such as are put under flower-pots, put common
oil into the saucer, light the wick, and place over it another earthen
saucer, so that the flame may blacken it; in a few hours a quantity of
lampblack will collect on the upper saucer, which is of the very best
sort. Mix a little of this lampblack with fine linseed oil, dip your pen
into it, and trace on the talk with it, having first put your talk over
the drawing you wish to copy. When you take off the talk, if you put
white paper beneath it, you will see if any part require to be
darkened: touch the distances lightly, and the foregrounds strongly.
Be careful not to put too much oil with the lampblack, or it will run,
and spoil the drawing. Having finished your tracing, damp a piece of
China paper with a sponge, put it on the talk while it is very damp,
take care not to stir it, put another piece of paper over it, and pass
your hand steadily over all, when the impression will come off good
and clear. Patterns for work may be copied in this manner: of course
every thing is reversed. Ivory black will not answer.

No. XXI.—To take off the impression from leaves and

flowers.—Vol. i. p. 219.
Make your lampblack as above directed. Make two balls, about the
size of your fist, with wool and wash-leather; put a bit of stick into
the centre of each, to serve as a handle, and tie the leather tight
upon it; flatten it to the shape of a printer’s ball; the top of a white
leather long glove will do, or chamois leather. With a spatula mix
some lampblack with a little linseed oil, put it on the balls, rub both
balls together until it is all smooth and even, put a freshly-gathered
leaf between the balls, pat the leaf on both sides, put it between
two sheets of paper, rub your finger carefully over the leaf; take up
the paper, and you will have two beautiful impressions. Stalks and
flowers may be done in the same way, and corrected with a pen and
some of the oil and lampblack. The Chinese books sold in the burā
bazār, Calcutta, are excellent for this purpose.

No. XXII.—To arrange a turban.—Vol. i. p. 234.

The turban should be of fine India muslin, twenty-one yards in
length, by fourteen inches and a half in breadth. Take one end, put
it over your head, allowing a quarter of a yard to hang down your
back; twist the muslin in front of your forehead, so that it may form
a sort of skull cap on the top of your head; after which, begin to
bind the turban round your head, and go on, until, in fanciful bands,
you have used up the whole. Take the little end hanging down your
back, turn it up, and stick it under one of the folds. This turban,
when properly put on, is not at all large. Should it not set out
enough, you must first bind a smaller and coarser turban around
your head, and put the fine one over it. A Benares gold turban, or a
Bengal muslin, spotted in gold, should be worn over a turban of this
sort; they are too flimsy to set properly of their own accord. A long
fine Cashmere shawl forms into a beautiful turban.
Another method.—Turbans are more generally put on in this
manner than in the preceding: Take the middle of the cloth, put it
over the front of the head, and pass the two ends behind. Take one
end, and pass it round and round your head until it is all used up;
after which take the other end, and pass it round in some different
fashion; when you have used it all up it ought to set properly.
Almost all turbans are thus put on, with the exception of stiff
turbans, which are made over a bamboo frame; they are formal, and
want the graceful and fanciful ease of a turban formed of a strip of
muslin hastily thrown around the head.
Some are formed on a light wicker frame; others, made up by
regular turban makers in the bazār, are formed on blocks, and the
muslin is plaited and put on in a very exact and regular style. Some
turbans appear as if formed of coloured rope, so tightly do they twist
the muslin into a cord ere it is wound round the head.

No. XXIII.—The Coles, the Bheels, the Gonds, the

Khonds, &c.—Vol. i. p. 236.
an extract from “the times,” nov. 23, 1847.
 “Our readers are aware that the Hindoos are not the aboriginal
inhabitants of India. Arriving from the north-west, they first occupied
that moiety of the peninsula to the north of the Nerbudda called
emphatically Hindostan, and subsequently crossed that river into the
Deccan, or ‘south’ portion of the country, where they dispossessed
the natives as before. There are reasons for concluding that this
expulsion of the early inhabitants by the Brahminical Hindoos was
characterized by great ferocity on the part of the invaders. The
inferior tribes, however, were by no means exterminated. Under the
various denominations of Bheels, Coles, Gonds, Khonds, &c., they
still exist in the peninsula, to the number, it is computed, of at the
least two or three millions. Whether they are branches of the same
family or not appears hardly ascertained, but they all possess
features in common, and are altogether distinct, not only from the
Hindoo, but also from the Thibetan varieties of native tribes near the
Himalayan range. They are small, dark, and active, with a peculiarly
quick and restless eye, highly barbarous, and owning only a few
importations of Hindoo superstitions or civilization. They have little
clothing, few arms but bows and arrows, and no ordinary food
beyond berries or game. They have no repugnance to killing or
eating oxen, and bury their dead instead of burning them. Their
religious rites involve much greater barbarism than the Brahminical
precepts; indeed, it is alleged by the advocates of Hindoo excellence
that the most objectionable practices attributed to the disciples of
Brahma have either been imported from these tribes at a late period,
or erroneously related by writers who confused the identity of the
nations. This is said to have been particularly the case with human
sacrifices, which had no place in the original code of the Vedas,
while they were so inveterately established among these older
tribes, that the disturbances of the present day have actually
originated in the defence of the rite. The main retreat of these
people from the persecution of the invaders was in the hills, which,
under the names of the Vindhya and Santpoora ranges, rise on each
bank of the Nerbudda, and form the barrier between the Deccan and
Hindostan. At the eastern extremity these hills expand into a lofty
mountain rampart on the confines of Orissa and Berar, forming, with
the contiguous districts, the most barbarous and unreclaimed portion
of the whole peninsula. Much of it, in fact, is unexplored to this day,
as may be seen by a glance, in any map, along the western frontier
of Orissa. Such are the actors, and such the scene of the present
disturbances. A few words more will explain their origin and
character.
“The eastern coast of India between the Delta of the Ganges and
the mouths of the Kistna came into our possession by successive
instalments. In 1765 the sagacity of Lord Clive demanded, and his
power obtained, the cession of that maritime province known by the
name of the Northern Circars, previously attached to the
Government of the Deccan, but readily and cheaply yielded by the
emperor to the request of the victorious general. This carried the
Madras presidency along the coast nearly up to the confines of
Bengal; the sole interruptions to a continuity of English territory
being the Southern Sircar of Guntoor at the lower end, still
depending on the Deccan, and the province of Cuttack at the upper,
claimed by the Mahratta Prince of Berar. The former, after
considerable turmoil on both sides, was surrendered by Nizam Ali in
1788, and the latter by Bhonslay at the end of the first great
Mahratta war of 1803. The contiguous districts, forming part of the
ceded territories, were restored by the policy of Sir G. Barlow, and
did not finally return to us till the conclusion of the war of 1818,
when the inveterate hostility of Apa Saheb was punished by the
demand of these peculiar territories on the Nerbudda, solely valuable
as opening a communication between Bengal and Bombay. We
found the eastern country in the hands of petty Rajahs of ancient
standing, and some consideration amongst their subjects, though
they were not of the aboriginal race, but individual families
(apparently Rajpoots) of the invading nation who had contrived to
establish themselves in hereditary power amongst the savages. As
long as we were content to allow these people their ancient licence,
to accept a small uncertain subsidy by way of rent, and leave them
to their own privileges and habits, things went well enough; but as
soon as the more scrupulous civilization of later times introduced or
attempted reforms, disturbances at once ensued. A settlement of a
fixed, though not extortionate, rent was imposed upon the Rajahs,
and when this fell seriously in arrear they were dispossessed. Police
were introduced in some of the villages, and civil courts established.
The consequences were speedily visible. In 1816 the Goomsoor
people rose in arms to demand an ejected Rajah; and though a
force of 3000 men in the country repressed these outbreaks, yet
they could not be prevented from aiding a similar insurrection in
Cuttack immediately afterwards, nor was peace entirely restored for
three long years, and then only after some conciliatory abolitions of
the obnoxious institutions.
“In the present case the rebellion (in Goomsoor) is based on our
interference with their Meriah sacrifices, in observance of which rite
they store, fatten, butcher, and dissect some hundreds of children
annually, distributing the fragments, as a propitiatory offer to the
local Ceres, over the surface of their fields, and the old cry for their
indulgent Rajahs is again raised. The Khonds—the precise tribe who
gave us so much trouble in 1816—are again the chief insurgents,
though common cause is eagerly made by all their neighbours. Their
method of fighting is to lurk in their tangled thickets and shoot their
arrows from the ambuscade. Recently, too, they exchanged a herd
of bullocks which they captured, for some fire-arms, and they are
said now to possess some 700 or 800 matchlocks. This, of course,
does not make them less noxious, but their offensive warfare forms
but a small part of the dangers of the campaign. The tracts about
which they roam are, beyond all comparison, the most pestilential in
India. The air of Shikarpoor is bracing and salubrious compared with
the atmosphere of these territories. The malaria of their jungles is
almost certain death, and a bivouac in the bush will cause far more
havoc in an invading force than a battery of cannon. In addition to
this, beasts of prey swarm in every cave and forest, numerous and
ravenous enough to give a clean account of all stragglers. The
ordinary briefness of an Indian campaign is here so far
circumscribed, that there are very few weeks in the year when an
inroad would even be attempted, and at this moment not 200 men
of the regiment employed there are fit for duty.
“The Khonds are in nowise disaffected to us, nationally. On the
contrary, when Sir G. Barlow surrendered their country again to
Berao, against our compact and their entreaties, he was forced in
decency to offer a home in Cuttack to those who chose still to live
under English rule, and the struggle between the latter wish and the
reluctance to quit their birthplaces produced some very tragical
scenes. Towards the west, too, the Bheels are enrolled in local corps
in the Company’s service, and conduct themselves with very great
credit. The only rebellion is that of a hardy, barbarous, and
inaccessible race, against masters whose supremacy they gladly
own, but whose civilization they are averse to borrowing.”

No. XXIV.—Bengal coins.—Vol. i. p. 273.

4 kaurīs = 1 gunda.
20 gundas = 1 pun.
4 puns = 1 ānā.
4 ānās = 1 kāhan, 1280 kaurīs, or about one quarter of a rupī.

Kaurīs, small white glossy shells, are made use of for small
payments in the bazār. They rise and fall according to the demand
there is for them, and the quantity in the market.
Accounts are kept in rupīs, with their subdivisions.

3 pie = 1 pāisa.
4 pāisa = 1 ānā.
16 ānās = 1 rupī.
16 rupīs = 1 gold muhr.
100,000 ” = 1 lākh.
100 lākh = 1 karor, or 100,000,000 rupīs.
No. XXV.—Easy method of preserving small birds.—
Vol. i. p. 289.
Birds to the size of a pigeon may be preserved from putrefaction
by an easy process, and by a method which will effectually guard
them against the attacks of insects. Carefully remove the abdominal
viscera at the vent, by means of a wire bent to a hook at one end;
then introduce a small piece of the antiseptic paste, and afterwards
as much clipped cotton or tow as may be thought sufficient, with
some of the paste mixed with it; remove the eyes and fill the orbits
with cotton imbued with the paste; draw out the tongue, which
remove, and pass a wire from the mouth into the cavity of the
cranium, merely to give the antiseptic access to the brain; bind a
piece of thread round the rostrum, another piece round the body
and wings; then hang it up by the legs, and pour in at the vent from
half an ounce to two ounces, according to the size of the bird, of
alcohol; let it be hung in an airy situation, and it will soon dry
without any unpleasant smell.

No. XXVI.—Antiseptic paste.

Antiseptic paste is made by mixing eight parts of finely-powdered
white arsenic, four parts of Spanish soap, three parts of camphor
pulverized in a mortar, with a few drops of alcohol, and one part of
soft soap. If it become too dry add a little spirits of wine.

No. XXVII.—Arsenical soap.—Vol. i. p. 289.

Powdered arsenic one pound, white Marseilles soap one pound,
powdered camphor three ounces; fine lime, in powder, three ounces;
salt of tartar, six ounces; keep it corked in a jar. Melt the soap, and
gradually mix the other ingredients. When required to be used, take
a little out, mix it with water until it is of the consistence of thick
cream; spread on the skin thinly with a brush. By using too much
you render the skin brittle—put a little cotton wool on the part when
done. Useful for the skins of quadrupeds, large birds, and also for
insects, moths, and butterflies.

No. XXVIII.—Dye for the moustache.—Vol. i. p. 319.

Mix one ser of large hurs (hura, ink-nut, myrobalan chebulic) with
half a pāisa weight of ghī, fry them until they are quite black and
split, take them out and cover them over with red-hot charcoal
ashes at night. Wipe them clean, and separate the pulp, which
reduce to a subtile powder in an iron mortar; add to every tolā of
the above powder three-fourths of a masha of tūtiyā tā’ūsi, and half
a masha of salt.
When you wish to dye your hair, take some of the powder, mix it
with water so as to form an unctuous paste, and grind it very fine in
an iron mortar; apply it to the hair, and tie it up with fresh-gathered
castor oil leaves. Should the hair not be dyed as required, wet the
hair with water, as also the leaves, and tie it up again, as the dye will
not have the desired effect if the hair be not kept moist with it. The
mortar must be of iron, or the mixture will be spoiled.
Eight rattīs (seed of abrus precatorius) make one masha, twelve
and a half mashas one tolā or sicca rupī weight.

No. XXIX.—To dye the beard and moustache.—Vol. i.

p. 320.
Boil four or five anolas (myrobalan emblic, Lin.) for a short time in
water, till they impart their colour to it. Grind up indigo leaves
(busmuh) on a sil (a rough slab of stone, with a stone roller), with
the above decoction, and use the preparation as a dye, after having
exposed it to the sun for a short time. This receipt was given me by
Seyd Husain, an old peshkār at Prāg.
No. XXX.—Perfumed tobacco cakes.—Vol. ii. p. 8.
Tobacco, one mŭn, gurh (thick sugar), one mŭn; gulkand (gūlabī)
conserve of roses, ten sers; gulkand (séo), five sers; paurī, three
tolās; musk, one tolā, amber, one ditto; ugur, pāo bur, i.e. a quarter
of a tolā; tugger, one quarter of a tolā.
The tobacco and gour to be mixed, and left in a gharā for five
days, the other ingredients to be then added, and the whole buried
for ten days before use. One of the cakes is sufficient for a quart
bottle of rose-water, into which it is to be broken; and in this state of
solution it is sufficient to impregnate with its flavour a mŭn of
tobacco. This receipt was procured from one of the attendants on
her Highness the Bāiza Bā’ī.

No. XXXI.—Authorities quoted in the Work.—Vol. ii. p.

181.
“Moor’s Hindū Pantheon;” “Ward, On the Religion, &c., of the
Hindoos;” “Wilford’s Dissertation on Egypt and the Nile;” “Asiatic
Researches;” “Maurice’s Indian Antiquities;” “Frazer’s Tour through
the Himalaya Mountains;” “Capt. J. A. Hodgson’s Survey of the
Ganges and Jumna;” “Adam’s Roman Antiquities;” “Mishcat ul
Masabih;” “Dow’s History of Hindostan;” “Tod’s Annals and
Antiquities of Rajah’stan,” and “Travels in Western India;” “Herklot’s
Qunoon-e-islam;” “Franklin’s Shah Alum,” and “Life of George
Thomas;” “The Ku’rān;” “Ainslie’s Materia Medica;” “Louden’s
Encyclopedia of Plants.”

No. XXXII.—Extracts from “The History of Delhie, and

adjacent Ruins;” a manuscript, by Colonel
Franklin.—Vol. ii. p. 222.
 “The tomb of Imām Mirmaun is a lofty building of red granite,
close to the Kutb Minar. This saint is said to have lived in the reign of
Altumush.”
“The mausoleum of the monarch Altumush is about four hundred
yards south-west of the Kutb Minar. The walls are of granite, the
tomb of plain marble, and there is no dome to the building.”
“Near this is an octagonal building, the tomb of Adam Khan, a
Pathan nobleman, who was high in the confidence of Altumush.”
“The tomb of the saint Kutb-u-Dīn is of white marble, and a fine
mosque of red granite adjoins it. The court of the mosque contains
the tombs of the Emperor Bahadur Shah, who died in 1707, and the
Emperor Alum Shah, deceased 1807; and also that of the last
Emperor, Akbar Shah.”
“Connected with these tombs is a small marble mosque, built by
Aurangzēb, the father of Bahadur Shah. The marble enclosure where
the body of saint Kutb reposes was built by Ferocksher, who was
assassinated by the Syuds of Burrah, in 1713. Zabtah Khan, father of
the infamous Gholam Khadir Ali Bahadur, and a number of other
nobles, with many of the royal family, are interred in the area. It is
reported that three hundred thousand martyrs to the Muhammadan
faith are buried in this vicinity; in the number must be included
those who fell in the eight battles fought with Rājā Pittourah, by
Kutb-u-Dīn Abeck.”
“Tuglukabad was built by the Patan Emperor, Yeas-u-Dīn Tugluk
Shah, who died in 1324. The place is a mass of ruins; the palace
was large and extensive; four massive bastions still remain. On a
detached rock, connected with the palace by a causeway, is the
tomb of Tugluk Shah; the rock is enclosed by a rampart of stone,
with circular bastions. To the east of Tuglukabad few ruins are to be
seen, but thence to beyond the Shalimar gardens, to the west, a
distance of about twenty-five miles, the whole face of the country is
one sheet of ruined palaces, gardens, streets, and tombs.”
 “The Kutb Minar is about twelve miles south-east of Delhi, and
half-way is the mausoleum of Munsoor Alī Khan Sufdar Jung, Wuzeer
of the Emperor Ahmad Shah, who died 1753. It is a fine edifice
raised on a terrace.”
“The tomb that contains the body of Sufdar Jung is on the
ground-floor; the marble cenotaph is in the apartment above it. To
the east the entrance is through a noble gateway, to the north of
which is the mosque.
“About two hundred yards from this is the mausoleum of the great
Byram Khan, khān-khānān and guardian to Mahomed Akbar. The
colours of the enamel of the inside of the dome over Secunder Shah,
one of the Pathan dynasty, deceased 1275, are as fresh as ever. This
mausoleum is a very fine one; it lies about half a mile north-west of
Sufdar Jung’s.”
“The tomb of the saint Nizam-u-Dīn, who lived in the reign of
Secunder Shah, lies about half a mile east-south-east of Humaioon’s;
and adjoining is the tomb of the Princess Jahānārā, as well as that of
the Emperor Mahomed Shah, deceased 1748. Here also is the tomb
of the famous poet Chusero, who flourished 1280; it is of red
granite, small and plain. A Persian nobleman, Tuckee Khan, here lies
interred; as also his son, Azim Khan. They attended Humaioon on
his return from Persia. Azim Khan’s tomb in the centre of the
building is surrounded by others of his family. From the tomb of
Nizam-u-Deen two roads lead to modern Delhi, the upper through
the Pathan city, a heap of ruins; and the lower by the river-side, and
Secunder Shah’s Fort, (1297,) which contains a superb mosque.
West, are the ruins of the palace of Feroze Shah (1351).”
“The old lall Darwaza, or red gate of the Pathan city, is about four
hundred yards east of the Delhi Gate of the modern city. It is lofty,
and built of red granite.
“The palaces and mosques are numerous. The palace of Sultan
Dara Sheko, eldest son of Shahjahan, is now the Magazine. The
palace of the minister of the late Shah Alum is now the Residency.
The palace of Ali Murdan Khan is near the Cashmere Gate; that of
Sadut Khan is at the Cabul Gate; and in the Adjmeer street are the
ruins of the palace of the Wuzeer of Mahomed Shah.
“Connected with the palace at Delhi by a stone bridge is the Fort
of Selīm Garb, built on a rock in the river: it was formerly used as a
prison for the Empress.
“Outside the Cashmere Gate, on the bank of the river, is the
Koodsiya Bagh, built by Shahjahan; it is now in ruins. From this
garden, and encircling the city, is Mogul Parrah, a most extensive
town, now a mass of ruins. Outside the Ajmeer Gate is the tomb of
Ghazi-o-dīn, and appertaining to it are the ruins of a college. On the
opposite side of the road are the tombs of Kummeer-u-Dīn, his
father and his daughter, which are worthy of a visit.
“About three miles from the city is the royal garden, named Toal
ka Tourah. Of the famous garden of Shalimar, about ten miles from
the city, on the road leading to Kurnaul, there are no remains.
“Near the tomb of Zeenut-al Nissa is that of Malaka Zemanī, one
of the widows of the Emperor Mahomed Shah. She was implicated in
the rebellion of Ghoolam Khadir. A small mosque of red granite is
near the tomb.
“Leading out of a postern south of the Lahore Gate, is a mosque
called the Kuddum Roosool, or foot of the Prophet, in memory of the
Arabian prophet, ‘Nubbee Kurreem,’ Mahummud himself,—no other
person has this appellation of ‘the Prophet of Beneficence.’” A
number of tombs of men of rank are in the area, and on the outside:
this is deemed a holy spot, and as sacred as Nizam-u-Dīn’s, or Kutb-
u-Dīn’s.
“The Subzy Mundee, or vegetable market, is about three miles
from the city on the road to Kurnaul, and beyond this, on both sides
of the road, are the ruins of houses and gardens, reaching far
beyond Shalimar: a number also lay on the west of Kudsīya Bagh,
beyond the range of hills that rise about four miles west of the city,
take a semicircular sweep, and extend in the shape of a semicircle to
Tuglukabad east, forming an amphitheatre, the whole extent of
which is covered with ruins.”

No. XXXIII.—Vol. ii. p. 311.

“Because it is a fellow-feeling for a fellow-creature.”

No. XXXIV.—Vol. ii. p. 333.

Mr. Greville, zoological artist, 85, New Bond Street, charges for
specimens as follows:—A cock moonal, or blue pheasant, 5l.; a hen
do., 1l., a pair of the red Argus pheasants, 3l.; a flying squirrel, 1l.
5s.; a flying fox, 5s.; a vulture, 2l. Although the price of birds for
sale (not set up) is so high, he would give but little for them, and
appeared to think 3l. for a pair of moonal pheasants, cock and hen,
would be a very great sum. The charges for setting up are extra.
Mr. Drew, a bird-stuffer at Plymouth, charged for setting up birds
as follows:—A pair of eagles, 1l.; one pair of pheasants, 10s.; one
pair, ditto, smaller, 7s.; one brace of birds, still smaller, 5s.; one pair
of humming birds, 4s.
 INDEX.
Transcriber’s Note: Links to vol. i. will only work if you have internet access!

A.
Aboo, tomb of, vol. ii. 223.
Abrus precatorius, i. 315.
Acacia Arabica, i. 221; ii. 74.
Achibut chamber, i. 213.
⸺, sacred, i. 214.
Adansonia digitata, i. 116-118, 225.
Æschynomene grandiflora, i. 316.
⸺ paludosa, i. 286.
Āghā Meer, i. 165.
Agra, great gun at, i. 276.
Akbar Shāh, tomb of, at Secundra, i. 374.
Albatross, i. 8, 9; ii. 354.
Ali Merdan Khan, palace of, ii. 218.
⸺ ⸺ ⸺, his canal of paradise, ii. 194.
Allahabad, arrival at, i. 71.
⸺, residence at, i. 77.
⸺, sātī at, i. 91.
⸺, temple of Bhawānī at, i. 95.
⸺, pillar in the fort at, i. 309; ii. 295, 468.
⸺, city of, i. 309.
⸺, garden, caravan-sarā’e, and great well at, ii. 465-467.
Alligarh, fortress of, ii. 187.
Alligators, tame, ii. 88.
⸺ in their own wildernesses, i. 328.
Alms, necessity of giving, i. 465, 466.
Amaranthus Gangeticus, i. 314, 315.
⸺ Tricolor, i. 314.
Amazonian Mahratta lady, ii. 54, 55.
Amherst, Lord, i. 58.
Andaman Islands, i. 18; ii. 476.
Anna, Purna-Devi, ii. 179.
Ants, strange notion of the Muhammadans respecting, i. 314.
⸺, white, i. 145, 146, 312, 313.
Arwarī fish, i. 393; ii. 182, 295.
Apathy of the natives, i. 296.
Appa Sāhib, his six wives, ii. 9.
Archer, Lord, i. 58.
Architect of the gods, ii. 64.
Arrak, i. 147, 148.
Arrows, poisoned, ii. 73-76, 366.
⸺, whistling, i. 235.
⸺ of the Coles, i. 236.
⸺, Persian and Arabian, ii. 41.
Artocarpus integrifolia, i. 233.
Arzumund Bānū, account of, i. 350, 351.
Asclepias gigantea, i. 275.
⸺ rosea, i. 311.
Asiatic Society of Calcutta, ii. 105.
Asoca, a shrub sacred to Mahadēo, ii. 175.
Assam leaf insect, ii. 104.
Auckland, Lord, arrival of, at Allahabad, ii. 137.
⸺, Lord, and the Misses Eden visit the ex-Queen of Gwalior, ii.
137, 138.
Avatars, the ten, ii. 153-168.
Ayha, revenge of an, i. 137.
⸺ and durwān, i. 142, 143.

B.
Baboo Ramohun Roy, i. 29.
Bāghmars, tiger-killers, ii. 130-133.
Bāgh-sira, i. 290.
Bāiza Bā’ī, her Highness the, ii. 2-9, 22, 32-39, 43-52, 54-56,
61-63, 109-113, 116-118, 135-138, 291-293, 296, 342-344,
465.
Balaiyā lenā, ceremony of, ii. 110.
Bandarponch, the mountain, ii. 265-269.
Banglā of the pilgrim, view from the, ii. 237.
Barāh or Varāha, the third avatar, ii. 156.
Barkandāz, i. 67, 135, 299.
Barrackpūr, i. 38; ii. 101.
Basil.—See Tulsī.
Bassia longifolia, i. 122.
Baths, steam, i. 86, 100, 368, 419.
Bauhinia scandens, ii. 77, 78.
Bazār, Barā, i. 57.
Beauty, female, notions of, entertained by the natives of India, i.
385.
Beetle-wings used in embroidery, i. 67.
Beggars, river, ii. 102.
Ben Oge, ii. 244.
Benares, i. 66-68; ii. 61, 435, 470.
Bengālī woman, i. 60; ii. 97.
Berhampūr, ii. 98, 99.
Bhadráj, expedition to the summit of, ii. 248.
Bhadrināth, great peak of, ii. 260, 261.
⸺, town and temple of, ii. 262, 263.
Bhagwān, or Bhawānī, the goddess, ii. 450.
⸺, temple of, ii. 449.
⸺, a form of Dūrgā, ii. 179.
⸺, temple in Alopee Bagh, i. 95, 96.
Bhardoajmun, temples of, i. 216.
Bhoodder Ram, the dwarf, i. 224.
Bhora, a lucky mark, ii. 9.
Bhŭgŭvŭtēē, the cow, a form of Dūrgā, ii. 174.
Bhurtpore, i. 55.
Bihishtī, i. 299.
Biloa, or Malura, a shrub, ii. 175.
Bird-catchers, i. 338.
⸺, Chiri-mārs, peculiar method of snaring their game, ii. 278.
Birds, worshipped by the Hindūs, ii. 328.
⸺, springes for, i. 338.
⸺, Indian, ii. 232, 234.
Blundell, Major, death of, ii. 235.
Board of works, i. 111-114.
Bojesmāns, ii. 360, 362.
Bombax ceiba, i. 341.
Booteah Chharrā, used as shot, ii. 255.
⸺, probable origin of, ii. 255, 256.
Borassus flabelliformis, ii. 69.
Bore, the, ii. 391.
Boundaries, how determined in the Hills, ii. 275.
Bow, charmed, i. 237.
⸺, pellet, i. 236, 237, 312.
⸺ of the Coles, i. 236.
⸺, a, reversed, i. 297.
⸺ of the Hill-men, ii. 76, 77.
⸺, the spring, ii. 73.
Bower, of the pilgrim, i. 310-312.
Bracelet-bound brother and sister, ii. 117, 118.
Brahma, the creator, ii. 149-151.
⸺, the first personage of the Hindū triad, ii. 149.
Brahmanī bull, i. 66; ii. 427.
⸺ ducks (anas cæsarca), i. 341; ii. 80, 417.
Brahmanical thread, i. 304, 305.
Bricks, ancient, ii. 88.
Britons, ancient, resemblance between them and the Hindūs, i.
218; ii. 259.
Brŭmhū, or Brahm, the one god without a second, ii. 148, 149.
Buddha, history of, the ninth avatar, ii. 162-168.
Buffaloes, curious manner of crossing rivers, i. 161.
Bulliah, the fair at, ii. 67, 413.
Bunce, little Jack, i. 118, 222.
Būndelā, children, sale of, ii. 294, 295.
Bungalow, or banglā, i. 137.
Burāt, the day of, i. 437-446.
Burtreenath, the god, his residence, ii. 61.
Butea frondosa, i. 309.
⸺ superba, i. 310.
Buxar, the stud at, ii. 67.
By’ā birds, i. 220, 221; ii. 74.
Byragies, i. 256.

C.
Cachnár, ii. 77, 78.
Cairipūr, ruins of an ancient fort near, i. 38.
Calcutta, i. 20, 21.
Camel, how to dress a, ii. 36.
⸺, curious method of stealing a, ii. 192.
⸺ battery, Major Pew’s, ii. 299, 300.
⸺ camelus bactrianus, i. 224.
Cape hen, battle of one with a terrier, i. 10.
Carāites, hymn of the, i. 269, 270.
Carnicobar, i. 14-18.
Casowtee stone, ii. 88, 89.
Cassia fistula, i. 317.
Cawnpore, i. 121.
Chak-chakkī wālās, i. 299.
Chakwā.—See Brahmanī Ducks.
Champa, i. 274.
Chandar-nagar, ii. 100.
Chāotree, i. 447.
Chapel at Pennycross, ii. 341.
Chārpāī, description of, i. 387.
Chaunrīs, i. 239.
Cheetā hunting, i. 398, 399.
Chinsurah, ii. 100.
Chiraghdanīs, ii. 62.
Chitpore, corn-mills at, ii. 101.
Cholera, dread of, entertained by the natives, ii. 253.
⸺, insanity cured by the fear of, i. 202.
⸺, remarkable method of frightening it away, i. 281.