1.

Thepar
toft
hesper
m cont
aini
ngpr
oteol
yti
cenzy
mest
odi
gestt
hezonapel
l
uci
dai
sthe:

A.capaci
tor

B.head

C.cor
ona

D.acr
osome

E.cumul
us

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theacrosomeisthepartofthesperm cont
aini
ngpr ot
eolyt
icenzymest
odigestthezona
pel
luci
da.Iti
sexposedbytheprocessofcapacit
ation.Then,undert
hei
nfl
uenceofsubstances
rel
easedbycoronaradi
atacell
s,i
trel
easesitsprot
eolyti
cenzymesandpenetr
atestheoocyte.

2.Theov
ulat
edmammal
i
anoocy
tei
sar
rest
edat
:

A.pr
ophaseofmei
osi
sI

B.met
aphaseofmei
osi
sI

C.pr
ophaseofmei
osi
sII

D.met
aphaseofmei
osi
sII

E.noneoft
heabov
e

D.i
scor
rect
.

Thelongarr
estinmeiosisoccur
sint heprimar
yoocy t
e.Thesedescendantsofoogoni
abegin
meiosi
sbeforebir
thandst opdi
vi
dingdur i
ngprophaseofthefi
rstdi
visi
on.Year
slater
,thi
sfi
rst
di
vi
sioniscompletedj
ustpr i
ort
oov ulat
ion.Ov
ulatedsecondar
yoocytesthenstopat
metaphaseIIunt
ilf
ert
il
ized.

3.Thesev
en-
daybl
ast
ocy
st:

A.hasasi
ngl
elay
eroft
rophobl
astatt
heembr
yoni
cpol
e

B.hasanamni
oti
ccav
ity

C.i
sat
tachedt
otheendomet
ri
alepi
thel
i
um

D.i
ssur
roundedbyadegener
ati
ngzonapel
l
uci
da

E.i
scal
l
edt
hehy
pobl
ast

C.i
scor
rect
.
Thedecidualr
eacti
onoftheendomet r
ium cr
eatesanouri
shingenv i
ronmentfort
heconcept
usa
i
tburi
esitsel
fbyinvasi
onoft heuteri
neendomet r
ial
wall
.Progesteroneproducedbythecor
pus
l
uteum sti
mulatesgl
andularsecr
etionintheendometri
um duri
ngt hesecret
oryphaseof
menstr
uationorearl
ypregnancy.

4.Hapl
oidnucl
eit
hatf
useatf
ert
il
izat
ionar
ecal
l
ed:

A.homuncul
i

B.mi
tot
icf
igur
es

C.cent
ri
oles

D.nucl
eol
i

E.pr
onucl
ei

E.i
scor
rect
.

Aftert
hespermr eachest
heov um,itdeposit
sitsgeneti
cload,t
hemalepronucl
eus,int
othe
cytopl
asm oftheegg.Aft
erfi
nall
ycompl eti
ngthemei ot
icdiv
isi
onthathadbegunyearsbefor
e,
thefemal
epr onucl
eusfuseswiththemal epronucl
eustocreatethedi
ploi
dnucleusofthe
zygote

5.Thef
ir
stweekofhumandev
elopmenti
schar
act
eri
zedbyf
ormat
ionoft
he:

A.i
nnercel
lmass

B.hy
pobl
ast

C.t
rophobl
ast

D.bl
ast
ocy
st

E.al
loft
heabov
e

E.i
scor
rect
.

Atfourdays,
theblastocystcav
ityofblastoceleformswithi
nthemor ul
a.Tr
ophoblastareouter
cel
l
soft heblast
ocyst,whil
eaknotofcel lsappears,pr
otrudi
ngint
otheblastocel
e.Thisisthe
i
nnercellmass.Trophobl
astbecomes2l ayers:syncyt
iot
rophobl
astandcytotr
ophoblast
.Inner
cel
lmassbecomesepi bl
astandhy poblast.

6.Dur
ingi
mpl
ant
ati
on,
thebl
ast
ocy
st:

A.i
mpl
ant
sint
heendomet
ri
um

B.usual
l
yat
tachest
oendomet
ri
alepi
thel
i
um ati
tsembr
yoni
cpol
e

C.usual
l
yimpl
ant
sint
hepost
eri
orwal
loft
hebodyoft
heut
erus
D.causeschangei
ntheendomet
ri
alt
issues

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Implant
ati
onoccurswhent hetr
ophobl
astcel
l
satt heembr yoni
cpol esecreteprot
eol
y t
ic
enzymesthatal
lowt heblastocy
sttopenet
rat
et hewal l
oftheuterus,usuallyt
heposteri
orwal
l
.
Theendometri
alli
ningrespondst oi
mplant
ati
ont hroughthedeciduareaction,bywhi
chit
becomesmor esucculentfornouri
shi
ngtheblastocyst.

7.Capaci
tat
ionoft
hesper
m:

A.i
scausedbyt
hezonapel
l
uci
da

B.occur
sint
hemal
e

C.pr
event
spol
ysper
my

D.i
sessent
ial
forf
ert
il
izat
ion

E.r
emov
est
heheadoft
hesper
m

D.i
scor
rect
.

Capaci
tati
oninv
olv
esr emovingthegly
copr
otei
ncoatandseminalpl
asmapr ot
einsfr
om the
headofthesperm,exposi
ngt heacr
osomeandal l
owingt
heacrosomereact
iontooccur.
Capaci
tati
onoccur
swi thi
nthefemalegeni
talt
ract
,andwit
houtit
soccurr
ence,f
erti
l
izat
ion
coul
dnotoccur.

8.Theear
lyst
agesofcl
eav
agear
echar
act
eri
zedby
:

A.f
ormat
ionofahol
l
owbal
lofcel
l
s

B.f
ormat
ionoft
hezonapel
l
uci
da

C.i
ncr
easei
nthesi
zeoft
hecel
l
sint
hezy
got
e

D.i
ncr
easei
nthenumberofcel
l
sint
hezy
got
e

E.noneoft
heabov
e

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theearl
iestst
agesofcleav
agearemar kedbyaseri
esofmit
oti
cdivi
sionst
hatincr
easethe
numberofcell
sinthezygotewi
thoutanincr
easeinsi
ze.Ast
hecleavagecont
inuesthezygot
e
becomesamor ulaorasoli
dbal
l of12-
16cels.Acavi
tyf
ormi
ngwithi
nt hemorulat
ransf
ormsit
i
ntoablasocyst,
ataboutday4.

9.Themostcommonsi
tef
ori
mpl
ant
ati
oni
nect
opi
cpr
egnancyi
s:
A.i
nter
nal
osoft
heut
erus

B.mesent
ery

C.ov
ary

D.ut
eri
net
ube

E.ot
her

D.i
scor
rect
.

Themostcommonsi t
eofectopi
cimplant
ati
onistheuter
inetube.Thegrowt
hoft heembryoin
thi
ssiteusuall
ycausesrupt
ureofthetubeandseverehemorr
hagei nthemother
.Abdominall
y,
anectopicpregnancyoft
enoccursint
herectout
eri
nepouch,anar eabet
weentheuterusand
therectum.

10.Wit
hthel
i
ghtmi
croscope,
thezonapel
l
uci
daappear
sasat
ransl
ucentmembr
ane
surr
oundi
ngt
he:

A.pr
imar
yoocy
te

B.zy
got
e

C.mor
ula

D.v
eryear
lybl
ast
ocy
st

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Thezonapell
ucidaper
sist
sunti
lear
lyi
tthebl
ast
ocy
stst
age.I
tdi
ssol
vesdur
ingt
hebl
ast
ocy
st
st
ageinorderthati
mplant
ati
onmayoccur.

11.Theamni
oti
ccav
itydev
elops:

A.ont
het
ent
hday

B.wi
thi
ntheout
ercel
lmass

C.wi
thi
nthei
nnercel
lmassneart
hecy
tot
rophobl
ast

D.i
next
raembr
yoni
cmesoder
m

E.noneoft
heabov
e

C.i
scor
rect
.

Theamni
oti
ccav
itybegi
nst
odev
elopar
oundt
he8t
hayasasl
i
t-l
i
kear
eawi
thi
ntheepi
blast
neart
hecyt
otrophoblast.I
tusual
l
yhaat
hinst
ri
pofepi
blastcel
l
s,cal
l
edamni
obl
ast
s,bet
ween
i
tandthecyt
otrophoblast.

12.Dur
ingt
hesecondweekofdev
elopment
,thet
rophobl
astdi
ff
erent
iat
esi
nto:

A.sy
ncy
tiot
rophobl
ast

B.ect
oder
m

C.i
ntr
aembr
yoni
cmesoder
m

D.y
olksac(
secondar
y)

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thetrophobl
astgi
vesrisetobot
hthesy ncyt
iot
rophobl
astandthecytotr
ophobl
ast,aswell
as
theextr
aembryoni
cmesoder m.Theectodermisader i
vat
iveoftheepibl
ast
,andthesecondar
y
yolksaccomesfrom endoder
m cel
lsthatli
netheexocoel
omi ccavi
tyorthepri
miti
veyol
ksac.

13.Thef
ir
stt
woi
ntr
aembr
yoni
cger
mlay
erst
odi
ff
erent
iat
ear
ethe:

A.ect
oder
m andhy
pobl
ast

B.epi
blastandhy
pobl
ast

C.ect
oder
m andendoder
m

D.ect
oder
m andmesoder
m

B.i
scor
rect
.

Theepiblastandhypoblastdevelopfrom t
heinnercel
lmassdur i
ngthe2ndweek.Duri
ngt
he
3rdweek, t
heepibl
astproducescel l
sbetweenitsel
fandthehypoblast
,cal
l
edthemesoder
m.
Epibl
astalsorepl
acesthehy poblastwit
hendoderm cel
ls.Epi
blastt
henchangesi
tsnameto
ectoder
m, complet
ingthepr ocessofgastrul
ati
on.

14.Thebl
ast
ocoel
ebecomest
he:

A.amni
oti
ccav
ity

B.ext
raembr
yoni
ccoel
om

C.pr
imar
yyol
ksac

D.chor
ioni
ccav
ity

E.secondar
ycav
ity

C.i
scor
rect
.
Aroundthe9t
hday,cel
lsf
rom t
hehypobl
astspr
eadaroundthebl
astocoel
e,f
ormingt
he
exocoel
omicorHeuser
'smembrane.Whenthebl
astocoel
eissur
roundedbythi
smembrane,
it
i
sr ef
err
edtoasthepri
maryyol
ksacorexocoel
omiccavit
y.

15.Thebi
l
ami
narger
m di
sc:

A.consi
stsofepi
blastandmesobl
ast

B.i
sder
ivedf
rom t
heout
ercel
l
soft
hemor
ula

C.f
ormst
heembr
yopr
oper

D.sy
nthesi
zeshumanchor
ioni
cgonadot
ropi
n,HCG

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thebilaminargerm di
scdevel
opsf r
om theinnercel
lsoft
hemor ul
aandinnercellmassofthe
bl
astocyst.I
tiscomposedtoepiblastandhy pobl
astl
ayer
s,anditi
salsocal
ledtheembryoblast
becauseitbecomest heembryo.Theoutercellsoft
hemorulaandblast
ocystbecomecyto-and
syncyt
iotr
ophoblast
.Thelat
terproducesHCG.

16.Thepr
imi
ti
vest
reakf
ir
stappear
satt
hebegi
nni
ngoft
he_
___
_week.

A.f
ir
st

B.second

C.t
hir
d

D.f
our
th

E.f
if
th

C.i
scor
rect
.

Gast r
ulat
ion,theprocessofformati
onofthethr
eegerml ay
ers,occur
sduri
ngthethir
dweek.
Epiblastcell
sform athickeni
ngcal
ledthepr
imit
ivest
reak,wit
hapr i
miti
veknotornodelocat
ed
atitscranialend.Epi
blastcel
lsi
nvaginat
efr
om thi
sstreaktoformthemesodermlayerandto
replacehypoblastwithendoderm.

17.Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngst
ruct
uresi
sbel
i
evedt
obeapr
imar
yor
gani
zerori
nducerdur
ing
organogenesi
s?

A.somi
tes

B.not
ochor
d

C.met
anephr
icbl
ast
ema

D.l
enspl
acode
E.noneoft
heabov
e

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thenotochor
disthoughttobeanimport
antst
ructureininduct
ionofnerv
oussy
stem
devel
opment,axi
alskel
etondev
elopmentandotherorganogeni
cev ent
s.

18.Cel
l
sfr
om t
hepr
imi
ti
vest
reakDONOTbecome:

A.endoder
m

B.i
nter
medi
atemesoder
m

C.par
axi
almesoder
m

D.l
ater
alpl
atemesoder
m

E.amni
obl
ast
s

E.i
scor
rect
.

Allmesodermisaderiv
ati
veoftheinv
aginat
ingcel
lsatthepri
miti
vestr
eak.Theinv
aginat
ion
occur
satt hebegi
nni
ngofthethir
dweek.Iti
sinter
esti
ngthatendoder
m cell
sarealsoder
ived
fr
om theepibl
astdur
inggast
rul
ati
on,repl
aci
ngthehypoblast
.

19.Thepr
imi
ti
vest
reak:

A.i
sder
ivedf
rom t
heout
ercel
l
soft
hemor
ula

B.i
sfor
meddur
ingt
hesecondweeki
ndev
elopment

C.per
sist
sast
hecl
oacal
membr
ane

D.i
sthesi
teofi
nvol
uti
onofepi
blastcel
l
stof
orm mesoder
m

E.wasdonei
nabat
hingsui
t,f
ort
hosewhor
ememberst
reaki
ng

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theprimiti
vestreakbegi
nstof orm onthesurfaceoftheepi
blastatthebegi
nni
ngofthethi
rd
week.Itisatthepri
miti
vestreakthatepibl
astcell
sinvagi
nat
et oformthemesoderm,thr
ough
theprocessofgastrul
ati
on.Streaki
ngwasaf adofthe1970'
st hati
nvolv
edrunni
ngnakedin
publ
ic,defi
nit
elynotawintersport.

20.I
nthet
hir
dweekofhumanembr
yoni
cdev
elopment
:

A.t
heamni
onappear
s

B.abi
l
ami
narembr
yoni
cdi
sci
sfor
med
C.t
hebodyst
alkmov
esv
ent
ral
l
yandj
oinswi
tht
hey
olksacst
alkt
ofor
mtheumbi
l
ical
cor
d

D.t
heneur
alpl
atei
sinducedbyt
henot
ochor
dal
processandassoci
atedmesoder
m

E.t
heut
eropl
acent
alci
rcul
ati
oni
sest
abl
i
shed

D.i
scor
rect
.

I
tisdur i
ngthethi
rdweekthatthenotochor
dalprocessanditsassociat
edmesoderminducet
he
neuralpl
ate.Thehol
lownotochordal
processeventual
lybecomest hesoli
dnot
ochor
d,the
for
erunneroftheaxi
alskel
eton.

21.Dur
ingdev
elopment
,thenot
ochor
dal
process:

A.ar
isesf
rom i
nvol
uti
ngendoder
mal
cel
l
s

B.ext
endsf
rom t
hepr
ochor
dal
plat
etot
hepr
imi
ti
venode

C.i
sinv
olv
edi
nthei
nduct
ionoft
hepr
imi
ti
vegut

D.becomest
heappendi
cul
arskel
eton

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thenotochordalprocessext
endsfr
om thepr imit
ivenodeuptotheprochor
dalpl
ate.Itdev
elops
i
ntothenotochord,aroundwhicht
hevertebralcolumnforms.Thenot
ochordisnotendodermal,
anddoesnoti nducethepri
miti
vegut
.Itpersistsi
nt headul
tonl
yasthenucleuspulposusofthe
i
nter
vertebr
aldiscs.

22.Thef
oll
owi
ngor
gansar
eder
ivedf
rom mesoder
m EXCEPT:

A.skel
etal
muscul
atur
e

B.muscul
atur
eofbl
oodv
essel
s

C.car
diacmuscul
atur
e

D.supr
arenal
cor
tex

E.supr
arenal
medul
l
a

E.i
scor
rect
.

Thesupr
arenal
oradr
enal medul
laisactual
l
yapartofthesympatheti
cnervoussyst
em.
Ther
efor
e,i
tisader
ivat
iveofneuralcr
estcel
ls,
andneuralcr
estcel
lsareectoder
malinor
igi
n.

23.Somi
tes:

A.di
ff
erent
iat
eint
omy
otomeswhi
chgi
ver
iset
oskel
etal
muscl
eint
runkandl
i
mbs
B.di
ff
erent
iat
eint
oscl
erot
omeswhi
chgi
ver
iset
over
tebr
ae

C.ar
isef
rom segment
ati
onoft
hepar
axi
almesoder
m

D.di
ff
erent
iat
eint
omy
otomeswhi
chgi
ver
iset
oskel
etal
muscl
eoft
hel
i
mbs

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Somitesdi
fferenti
atei
ntoscler
otomes,my
otomesandder
mat omes.Thescl
erot
omesgiverise
tothever
tebrae.Themy otomesgiveri
set
oskel
etal
muscleofthetr
unkandli
mbs.The
dermatomesgi veri
setothedermalski
ncomponent
.Theskel
etalmuscl
eofthefacear
ises
fr
om thepharyngealar
ches.

24.Al
mostal
loft
hei
nter
nal
organsar
ewel
ll
aiddownat_
___
_mont
hs.

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

E.5

B.i
scor
rect

Bytheendoft heembryoni
cperiodatabouttwomont hsofthedevel
opmentalmostal
lofthe
i
nternalorgansar
ewellest
abli
shed.Thisisimport
ant
, i
nthatmostmalfor
mati
onsoccurwithi
n
thefi
rsttwomonths,whil
etheinter
nalorgansarebei
ngf or
med.Therestoft
hegestat
ional
peri
odallowsforgrowt
handmat ur
ati
on.

25.Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngstr
uct
uresdoesnott
urnunderont
othev
ent
ral
sur
faceoft
heembr
yo
duri
ngf
oldi
ngoft
hehead?

A.pr
ochor
dal
plat
e

B.hear
t

C.not
ochor
d

D.per
icar
dial
cav
ity

E.sept
um t
ransv
ersum

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thebuccophar
yngeal
membr
ane,
hear
t,per
icar
dial
cav
ityandsept
um t
ransv
ersum al
lendupas
v
entr
alstr
uctur
esintheembryo,
wher easthenot
ochor
dremainsdorsal
.Remember,t
hough,
t
hatbef
orethefol
dingoftheembryo,thehear
tbegi
nsit
sdevelopmentext
raembr
yoni
cal
lyina
r
egi
onanteri
ortotheprochor
dal
plate.

26.Whent
heamountofamni
oti
cfl
uidexceedst
wol
i
ter
s,t
hecondi
ti
oni
scal
l
ed:

A.ol
i
gohy
dramni
os

B.pol
yhy
dramni
osorhy
dramni
os

C.amni
oti
ti
s

D.bagofwat
ers

E.hy
drogr
avi
da

B.i
scor
rect
.

Polyhydr
amni osisacondit
ionofexcessamnioticfl
uidexceeding1.5li
ter
s.Iti
sof
tencausedby
fai
lureofthefetustodri
nkthenormal amountofamni ot
icfl
uid,andmaybeduet oanencephal
y,
esophageal at
resi
a,oranupperGItractbl
ockage.Oli
gohydramni os,
tooli
tt
leamni
oti
cflui
d,may
i
ndicateurinar
yproblems.

27.Thewal
loft
hechor
ioni
csaci
scomposedof
:

A.cy
tot
rophobl
astandsy
ncy
tiot
rophobl
ast

B.t
wol
ayer
soft
rophobl
astl
i
nedbyext
raembr
yoni
csomat
icmesoder
m

C.t
rophobl
astandexocoel
omi
cmembr
ane

D.ext
raembr
yoni
cspl
anchni
cmesoder
m andbot
hlay
ersoft
rophobl
ast

E.noneoft
heabov
e

B.i
scor
rect
.

Theouterlayerofchori
onicsacist
hecy t
otr
ophobl
astshel
l
;thesaci
sli
nedwith
extr
aembry oni
cmesoder m ofsomati
ctype,
becausei
tdoesnotcont
acttheyol
ksac;
li
ningt
he
i
ntervi
l
lousspaceissy ncyt
ium.Lat
er,t
heamnioti
csacpushesupagai
nstandfusest
othe
chori
onicsac,obli
ter
atingt
hechori
oniccavi
ty.

28.Themostdi
sti
nct
ivechar
act
eri
sti
cofapr
imar
ychor
ioni
cvi
l
lusi
sit
s:

A.out
ersy
ncy
tiot
rophobl
ast
icl
ayer

B.cy
tot
rophobl
ast
icshel
l

C.ext
raembr
yoni
csomat
icmesoder
mal
cor
e
D.bushyappear
ance

E.cy
tot
rophobl
ast
iccor
e

E.i
scor
rect
.

Allchori
oni
cvil
lipossessanouterlay
erofsyncyti
otr
ophobl
ast
.Thecy t
otr
ophobl
astshel
li
sa
featur
eofthemat urechori
on.Ext
raembr y
onicsomati
cmesodermf or
mst hecor
eofsecondar
y
vil
li
,becomi
ngt ert
iar
ywithvascul
ardev el
opment.Pr
imaryv
il
li
,at14days,ar
esyncyt
ial
processeswit
hacor eofcytotr
ophoblast.

29.Chor
ioni
cvi
l
liar
edesi
gnat
edassecondar
ychor
ioni
cvi
l
liwhent
hey
:

A.cont
actt
hedeci
duabasal
i
s

B.ar
ecov
eredbysy
ncy
tiot
rophobl
ast

C.dev
elopamesenchy
mal
cor
e

D.gi
ver
iset
obr
anchv
il
li

E.noneoft
heabov
e

C.i
scor
rect
.

Allchori
oni
cvil
lipossessanouterlay
erofsyncyti
otr
ophobl
ast
.Thecy t
otr
ophobl
astshel
li
sa
featur
eofthemat urechori
on.Ext
raembr y
onicsomati
cmesodermf or
mst hecor
eofsecondar
y
vil
li
,becomi
ngt ert
iar
ywithvascul
ardev el
opment.Pr
imaryv
il
li
,at14days,ar
esyncyt
ial
processeswit
hacor eofcytotr
ophoblast.

30.Whenchor
ioni
cvi
l
libecomev
ascul
ari
zedt
heyar
ecal
l
ed_
___
_vi
l
li
.

A.br
anch

B.st
em

C.t
ert
iar
y

D.anchor
ing

E.mat
ure

C.i
scor
rect

Assecondarychori
onicvi
ll
ibecomevascul
arized,theybecomeknownast ert
iar
yv i
l
li.
Matur
ati
onoft hevi
lli
inv
olvesthi
nni
ngofthepl acentalbarr
ier
,sothatonl
yat hi
nlayerof
sy
ncyti
um, ext
racel
lul
armatri
xandendothel
ium separ atesmater
nal andf
etalbl
ood.

31.Themosti
mport
antr
egi
onoft
hedeci
duaf
ort
henour
ishmentoft
heconcept
usi
sthe
deci
dua__
____
___
__.
A.f
rondosum

B.capsul
ari
s

C.par
iet
ali
s

D.basal
i
s

E.l
aev
e

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theplacent
aismadeofmat er
nalti
ssue,t
hedeci
duabasal
i
s,andfetalt
issue,
thechor
ion
fr
ondosum orbushy/
vil
l
ouschori
on.Thesmoothchori
onorchor
ionlaeveiscover
edbydecidua
capsul
ari
s,whichdi
sappear
sasthefetusgrowsandsmoot
hchorionpushesupagainsthe
deci
duapariet
ali
s.

32.Thei
nter
vil
l
ousspacecont
ainsal
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubst
ancesEXCEPT:

A.oxy
gen

B.car
bondi
oxi
de

C.mat
ernal
bloodcel
l
s

D.f
etal
blood

E.el
ect
rol
ytes

D.i
scor
rect

Maternalbloodcel
lsfindt heirwaythr
ought
hedarkint
ervi
ll
ousspacewithelectr
olytes,
oxygen
andothergoodt hi
ngs, andt heycar
ryawaybadt
hingsli
kecarbondioxi
deandf etalwaste
products.However,f
etal blooddoesnotnor
mall
yentertheint
erv
il
lousspacebuti sseparat
ed
fr
om itbyt hepl
acental barri
er.

33.Thepor
ti
onoft
hedeci
duawhi
chdoesnotsur
viv
eunt
ilt
heendofpr
egnancyi
sthe:

A.capsul
ari
s

B.basal
i
s

C.l
aev
e

D.par
iet
ali
s

E.f
rondosum

A.i
scor
rect
Chori
onfrondosum andthedeci
duabasal i
smakeupt hepl
acenta.Chori
onl
aev
e,orsmoot
h
chori
on,i
scov er
edbydeciduacapsular
is.Ast
hefetusandchorionenlar
get
hechor
ionl
aeve
pushesagainstt
hedeciduapari
etal
i
sandt hecapsul
arisdi
sappears.

34.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTacomponentoft
hemat
urepl
acent
albar
ri
er?

A.t
heendot
hel
i
all
i
ningoff
etal
capi
l
lar
ies

B.t
hecy
tot
rophobl
ast

C.t
hesy
ncy
tiot
rophobl
ast

D.t
hebasementmembr
aneoff
etal
capi
l
lar
ies

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
epar
toft
hemat
urepl
acent
albar
ri
er

B.i
scor
rect
.

Inthelasthal
fofpr
egnancy,t
hecytotr
ophoblastandextr
aembry
onicmesoder
mlayer
sarelost
from t
heplacent
albar
ri
er,l
eavi
ngonlysyncyt
ium, capi
l
lar
ybasementmembraneandcapi
l
lary
endotheli
um bet
weenmaternalandfet
alci
rculati
ons.

35.Fai
l
ureoft
hebr
aint
ogr
owmayr
esul
tin:

A.pl
agi
ocephal
y

B.cr
ani
ost
enosi
s

C.acr
ocephal
y

D.scaphocephal
y

E.mi
crocephal
y

E.i
scor
rect
.

I
ft hebr
aindoesnotgr ow,neit
herwillt
heskul l
.Thisresult
sinmicr
ocephal
y.Prematurecl
osure
ofcrani
alsuturesiscall
edcrani
ostenosis.Earl
ysagittal
suturef
usi
oncausesscaphocephalyor
alongskull.Earl
ycoronalf
usioncausesacr ocephalyortowerskul
l
.Asymmet r
icfusi
ons
produceplagiocephal
y.

36.Somi
tomeres,
par
axial
mesoder
m cr
ani
alt
othesomi
tes,
giv
eri
set
omuchoft
heskel
etal
musclei
ntheheadEXCEPT:

A.ext
ri
nsi
cmuscl
esoft
heey
e

B.t
empor
ali
stonguemuscl
es

C.muscl
esoff
aci
alexpr
essi
on
D.muscl
esofmast
icat
ion

B.i
scor
rect
.

Somitomeresprovidemy otomalti
ssueforskel
etal
muscl edev
elopmenttothehead.Muscl
es
ofsomitomereoriginincl
udetheextr
insicey
emuscl es,
themusclesoffaci
alexpr
essi
onand
themusclesofmast icati
on,ofwhi
cht emporal
i
sisone.Tonguemusclesandt hemuscl
esofthe
l
arynxarefrom somiticmy ot
omes.

37.Thesphenoi
dbonei
sder
ivedf
rom whi
chpor
ti
onoft
heembr
yoni
cskul
l
?

A.car
ti
lagi
nousneur
ocr
ani
um

B.membr
anousneur
ocr
ani
um

C.car
tri
l
agi
nousv
iscer
ocr
ani
um

D.membr
anousv
iscer
ocr
ani
um

E.br
anchi
alcar
ti
lage

A.i
scor
rect
.

Theskullconsist
soft wopar t
s,theneurocrani
um,whichf or
msthev aul
tprotect
ingthebrai
n,
andtheviscerocrani
um, whichformsthebonesoft heface.Thebaseoft heskul
l,ofwhich
sphenoi
di spart,
dev el
opsfrom thecarti
lagi
nousneurocrani
um becauseitformsby
endochondralossifi
cati
on.Skullvaul
tismembr anous.

38.Thenot
ochor
disr
epl
acedbyt
he:

A.ependy
ma

B.nucl
euspul
posus

C.spi
nal
canal

D.dor
sal
root
s

E.spi
nal
cor
d

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thenotochordistheforerunneroft
hev ert
ebr
alcolumn.Asi ti
srepl
acedbythevert
ebr
al
column,i
tdegenerates.Allt
hatremainsofthenotochordi
nt headul
tist
henucleuspul
posusi
n
theint
erv
ertebr
aldiscs,surr
oundedbyt hescl
erot
ome- der
ivedannul
usfi
brosus.

39.Thei
ntr
aembr
yoni
ccoel
om l
ocat
edcr
ani
alt
otheor
ophar
yngeal
membr
anebecomest
he:

A.or
alcav
ity
B.cr
ani
alf
oregut

C.st
omodeum

D.per
icar
dial
cav
ity

E.nasal
cav
ity

D.i
scor
rect
.

Thecardiogeni
cregi
onl i
escranialt
ot heprochordalpl
ateanditsdescendant
,the
orophar
yngealmembr ane.Thehear tt
ubesf orm ontheendoderm si
deofintr
aembryoni
c
coelom i
nthecardi
ogenicregion.Foll
owingt heheadandlater
albodyfoldi
ng,hear
tandit
s
porti
onofintr
aembryoniccoelom call
edpericardi
alcavi
tyl
ieinthechest.

40.Theder
ivat
ivesoft
heembr
yoni
cvent
ral
mesent
eryi
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ngst
ruct
uresEXCEPT:

A.hepat
oduodenal
li
gament

B.hepat
ogast
ri
cli
gament

C.f
alci
for
mli
gament

D.l
i
gament
um t
ereshepat
is

E.l
esseroment
um

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theli
gamentum t
ereshepat
isisaremnantoft
hefet
alumbi
l
ical
vei
n.Al
thoughi
tiscont
ained
wit
hinthev
entr
almesentery
,iti
snotaderi
vati
veofi
t.

41.Thefol
lowi
ngperit
oneal
li
gament
sar
eder
ivedwhol
l
yori
npar
tfr
om t
heembr
yoni
cdor
sal
mesogastr
ium EXCEPT:

A.hepat
ogast
ri
cli
gament

B.spl
enor
enal
orl
i
enor
enal
li
gament

C.gast
rospl
eni
corgast
rol
i
enal
li
gament

D.gast
rocol
i
cli
gament

E.t
ransv
ersemesocol
on

A.i
scor
rect
.

Splenorenal
,gastr
ospl
enicandgastr
ocoli
cli
gamentsarederi
vedfr
om thedorsalmesogast
ri
um,
whiletr
ansversemesocolonfuseswithdor
salmesogastr
ium.Thenepatogast
ri
cli
gament,on
theotherhand,isder
ivedfr
om theventr
almesent
ery.
42.Af
terf
oldi
ngoft
heheadr
egi
on,
thest
ruct
urel
yi
ngj
ustcaudal
tot
heper
icar
dial
cav
ityi
sthe:

A.dev
elopi
nghear
t

B.connect
ingst
alk

C.pr
imi
ti
vest
reak

D.l
i
ver

E.sept
um t
ransv
ersum

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theseptum tr
ansversum i
st hediaphragm'
searl
i
estprogeni
tor.Af
terfol
dingoftheheadregi
on
bri
ngstheheartanditscoleom regionvent
ral
l
y,t
heseptum tr
ansversum i
sthestruct
urethat
l
iesimmediatel
ycaudal t
oi t
.Liv
erisnotabadguess,butremembert hatt
hediaphragm l
i
es
betweenitandthethoraxintheadul t
.

43.Thehy
pobr
anchi
alemi
nencecont
ri
but
est
ofor
mat
ionof
:

A.ant
eri
orpor
ti
onoft
het
ongue

B.post
eri
orpor
ti
onoft
het
ongue

C.muscul
atur
eoft
het
ongue

D.epi
glot
ti
s

E.pal
ati
net
onsi
l

B.i
scor
rect
.

Hypobranchialeminenceformst hepost er
iort
hir
dofthetongue.I
tisservedbythenerveofthe
3rdbranchi
al arch,gl
ossopharyngeal.Tonguemusculat
ureari
sesfrom occi
pit
al somi
tesandis
i
nnervatedbyCNXI I,
hypoglossal.Epigl
ott
isari
sesasanepigl
otti
cswelli
ngont he4tharch.
Palat
inetonsili
sf r
om the2ndpouch.

44.Thefactt
hatgeneralandspeci
alsensor
yinf
ormati
onfrom t
hepost
eri
orpar
tofthetongue
i
scarri
edbyglossophary
ngealnervei
ndicat
esthatt
hispar
toftonguei
sfr
om br
anchial
arch
___
__.

A.I

B.I
I

C.I
II

D.I
V
E.VI

C.i
scor
rect

Hypobranchialeminenceformsthepost er
iorthir
dofthet
ongue.Itisservedbyt henerveofthe
3rdbranchi
al arch,
glossophar
yngeal,orcranial
nerveI
X.Glossophary
ngeal carr
iesgeneral
senseandt hespecialsenseoftastefromthispartoft
hetongue.Inanter
iortongue,t
rigeminal
doesgeneral andfaci
aldoesspecialsense.

45.My
obl
ast
sfr
om t
heocci
pit
almy
otomesar
ebel
i
evedt
ogi
ver
iset
othemuscl
esoft
he:

A.ey
e

B.f
ace

C.ear

D.j
aw,
formast
icat
ion

E.t
ongue

E.i
scor
rect
.

Mostoft hemusclesoftheheadar
isef
rom t
hesomit
omeresl
ocat
edcranial
tot
heocci
pit
al
somites.Occi
pit
almyotomessuppl
ymusclefort
ongue,
andar
einner
vatedbycr
ani
alner
veXII
,
hypoglossal
.

46.Asaresidenti
npediat
ri
cs,y
ouarecall
edtoseeanewbor
nwhohasaunil
ater
alcl
eftl
i
pand
aunil
ater
alclef
tofthepri
marypal
ate.Thi
scondi
ti
oni
smostli
kel
yther
esul
tof:

A.f
ail
ureoff
usi
onoft
hemandi
bul
arpr
omi
nences

B.f
ail
ureoff
usi
onoft
hemedi
alnasal
processes

C.f
ail
ureoff
usi
onoft
hemaxi
l
lar
ypr
omi
nencewi
tht
hemedi
alnasal
promi
nence

D.f
ail
ureoff
usi
onoft
hel
ater
alpal
ati
nepr
ocesseswi
tht
henasal
sept
um

E.f
ail
ureoff
usi
onoft
hepai
redl
ater
alpal
ati
nepr
ocesses.

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thist
ypeofcl
efti
saf ai
l
ur eoffusi
on,orsecondar
yruptur
eoft heunion,ofmaxi
ll
ary
promi
nencewit
hmedi alnasalpromi
nence.Ift
hepalati
neshelvesorprocessesofmaxil
l
ary
promi
nencesr
uptureorfailt
ofuse,amidli
nedefectofthesecondarypalatewi
llr
esul
t.

47.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
ruct
uresi
sNOTpar
toft
hef
ir
stbr
anchi
alar
ch?

A.mal
l
eus
B.mandi
bul
arpr
ocess

C.sphenomandi
bul
arl
i
gament

D.st
ylohy
oidl
i
gament

E.maxi
l
lar
ypr
ocess

D.i
scor
rect
.

Mandibularandmaxil
laryprocessesarebothfrom f
ir
starch,asaremal l
eusandincusbonesof
theear.Sphenomandibularl
igamentistheremnantoftheperichondri
um ofMeckel'
scart
il
age,
aroundwhichthemandi bleforms.Secondarchcart
il
agegivesrisetostapes,
sty
loidpr
ocess,
styl
ohyoidli
gament,
lesserhornsandupperpar tofhyoi
d.

49.Whi
chst
ruct
uresar
eder
ivedf
rom t
hei
nter
maxi
l
lar
ysegmentoft
heembr
yoni
cface?

A.phi
l
trum

B.ant
eri
orpor
ti
onoft
hepal
ate

C.ant
eri
orpor
ti
onoft
heupperj
aws

D.upperi
nci
sort
eet
h

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theinter
maxill
arysegmentgi
vesri
setothephil
tr
um,theupperi
nci
sor
s,t
heant
eri
orpor
ti
onof
theupperjaws,andthepr
imarypal
ate,
whichli
esant
erior
ly.

50.Thenasol
acr
imal
groov
esepar
atest
he:

A.mandi
bul
arandmaxi
l
lar
yswel
l
ings

B.l
ater
alnasal
swel
l
ingandmaxi
l
lar
yswel
l
ing

C.medi
alnasal
swel
l
ingandmaxi
l
lar
yswel
l
ing

D.f
ir
standsecondbr
anchi
alar
ches

E.ot
icandopt
icv
esi
cles

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thenasolacr
imalgr
oov eli
esbetweenthemaxil
laryswell
ingorpromi
nenceandthelat
eralnasal
swell
ing.Thi
sgroov
eul ti
matel
yformsthenasolacri
malductandlacr
imalsac.I
ntheadult
,iti
s
thepassageusedbyt ear
stotr
avelfr
om theeyetoinfer
iormeatusofthenasal
cavi
ty,
tomake
yournoserunwheny oucry.
51.Manyf
aci
almal
for
mat
ionsar
ebel
i
evedt
obeduet
o:

A.af
ail
ureoft
heor
almembr
anet
orupt
ure

B.af
ail
uret
oneur
alcr
estcel
l
stomi
grat
eint
othef
aci
alpr
ocesses

C.af
ail
urei
ngr
owt
hoft
heheadf
old

D.anabnor
mal
per
sist
enceoft
hephar
yngeal
clef
ts

E.noneoft
heabov
e

B.i
scor
rect

Propermi
grati
onofneuralcrestcel
l
sintothef
acear
eai
svi
tall
yimport
antt
ofaci
al
devel
opment.Neur
alcrestti
ssuewillf
orm muchoft
hef
aci
alskel
eton.

52.Thef
oramencecum oft
headul
ttongue:

A.mar
kst
hepoi
ntofembr
yoni
cev
agi
nat
ionoft
het
hymusgl
and

B.di
vi
dest
het
onguei
ntot
wopar
ts,
anant
eri
orone-
thi
rdandapost
eri
ort
wo-
thi
rds

C.mar
kst
hepoi
ntofembr
yoni
cev
agi
nat
ionoft
het
hyr
oidgl
and

D.dev
elopsi
ntot
ast
ebuds

E.hasnoembr
yol
ogi
csi
gni
fi
cance

C.i
scor
rect
.

Theforamencecum ont hetongueisthepoi

ntfrom whi
cht hethyroi
dgl andevaginatedand
beganitsj
ourneydownintotheneck.Itl
iesattheapexoftheV- shapedt er
minalsulcus,whi
ch
di
videsthetongueint
oanterior2/
3rds,f
rom t
helater
all
ingualswel l
ingsandtruberculum i
mpar,
andposteri
or1/3rd,f
rom t
hecopula.

53.Eachphar
yngeal
archi
ncl
udes:

A.der
ivat
ivesofect
oder
mal
neur
alcr
estcel
l
s

B.anaor
ti
car
char
ter
y

C.amesoder
mal
cor
efr
om par
axi
almesoder
m

D.acr
ani
alner
ve

E.al
loft
heabov
e

E.i
scor
rect
.

Thephar
yngeal
archeshav
ethei
rownmesoder
mal
cor
e,gi
vi
ngr
iset
ocar
ti
lagi
nousand
muscularcomponent
s,cr
ani
alner
vecomponent
s,vascul
arcomponent
sandderiv
ati
vesof
neur
alcrestcel
l
s,whi
chsuppl
ementmuchoftheconnecti
veti
ssueoft
heface.

54.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
eassoci
atedwi
tht
he2ndphar
yngeal
arch?

A.t
hemal
l
eusbone

B.f
aci
alner
ve

C.gl
ossophar
yngeal
muscl
e

D.t
hel
owerpor
ti
onoft
hehy
oidbone

E.ant
eri
orbel
l
yofdi
gast
ri
c

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thestapes,st
yloi
dprocess,st
ylohyoi
dligament,l
esserhor
nofhyoidandupperpar tofhyoi
d
bodyallcomefrom 2ndarch.Thenerveoft he2ndarchisCNVIIorfaci
alnerve,
andt he
musclesarestapedi
us,st
ylohyoid,
posteri
orbell
yofdigast
ri
candthemuscl esoffaci
al
expr
ession.

55.Br
anchi
alcy
stsorl
ater
alcer
vical
cyst
s:

A.ar
efoundal
ongt
heant
eri
orbor
deroft
hest
ernocl
eidomast
oidmuscl
e

B.ar
efor
medf
rom ar
upt
ureoft
hemembr
anebet
weenphar
yngeal
pouchesandbr
anchi
al
cl
eft
s

C.ar
eremnant
soft
het
hyr
ogl
ossal
duct

D.ar
efoundi
nfr
ontoft
heear

A.i
scor
rect

Lateralcervi
calcy
stsareremnantsofthecer v
icalsi
nus,whi
chformswhent he2ndarchgr
ows
overthe3r dand4tharches.Thecystsarefoundalongtheanter
iorbor
derofthe
sternoclei
domastoidmuscle,usual
l
yjustbelowt heangl
eofthejaw.Theyhavenothi
ngtodo
withther upt
ureoranythi
ng.

56.Thehear
tisder
ivedf
rom:

A.spl
anchni
cmesoder
m

B.somat
icmesoder
m

C.sept
um t
ransv
ersum

D.i
nter
medi
atemesoder
m
E.par
axi
almesoder
m

A.i
scor
rect

Thehearttubesf or
m withi
nthecardiogeni
cregi
oncrani
altot
heorophar
yngealmembraneand
beneaththeintr
aembryoniccoelom.Ifiti
sbeneat
htheint
raembry
oniccoel
om, t
heni
tli
es
towardtheyolksacandmustbespl anchni
cmesoderm.Somaticmesoderm woul
dbetheother
side,
orroof,oftheint
raembryoniccoelom.

57.Themostsuper
iorpar
toft
hei
nfer
iorv
enacav
aisder
ivedf
rom:

A.l
eftv
itel
l
inev
ein

B.r
ightv
itel
l
inev
ein

C.r
ightumbi
l
ial
vei
n

D.l
eftumbi
l
ical
vei
n

E.si
nusv
enosus

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thevit
ell
i
nev ei
ns,
astheypassthrought
hedev el
opingli
ver
,breakupi ntohepaticsi
nusoi
ds.
Whentheleftsi
nushornregr
esses,bl
oodisshuntedfr
om thel
ef tv
itel
lineveintotheri
ght
,
whichenl
argesandult
imatel
yformstheposthepati
cport
ionoftheinferiorvenacava.

58.Theembr
yoni
cor
igi
noft
hel
i
gament
um ar
ter
iosum i
sfr
om t
he:

A.secondar
char
ter
y

B.t
hir
dar
char
ter
y

C.f
our
thar
char
ter
y

D.f
if
thar
char
ter
y

E.si
xthar
char
ter
y

E.i
scor
rect

Thesixt
harchisthepul
monar yarch,
from whichpulmonaryar
teri
esarederived.Ont
hel
eftsi
de,
thi
sarchmaintai
nsit
sconnectionwit
ht hedorsalaort
a.I
nthefetus,t
hisconnecti
oni
spat
ent
andiscall
edtheduct
usart
eriosus.Postnat
all
y,itcl
osesandpersist
sastheligament
um
art
eri
osum.

59.Thef
oll
owi
ngar
etr
uest
atement
swi
thr
egar
dtot
hef
etal
cir
cul
ati
onEXCEPT:

A.Si
ncet
hef
etal
li
veri
sahemopoi
eti
cor
gan,
iti
slar
geandwel
lsuppl
i
edwi
thoxy
genat
ed
bl
ood.
B.Fet
albr
ainr
ecei
vesr
elat
ivel
ypur
ear
ter
ial
blood.

C.Fet
alandmat
ernal
bloodv
essel
sanast
omosei
nthepl
acent
a

D.I
near
lydev
elopment
alst
ages,
onepul
monar
yvei
nbudsf
rom t
hel
eftat
ri
um oft
hehear
t.

E.Foramenpr
imum oft
hei
nter
atr
ial
sept
um cl
osesaf
tert
hef
ormat
ionoft
hef
oramen
secundum.

C.i
scor
rect
.

I
nt hepl
acenta,
thereisnoanastomosisbetweenthemater
nal
andfet
alvessel
s.Mater
nalbl
ood
fr
om thespi
ralart
eri
esentersthecot
yledons,wher
eitbat
hest
hevi
l
lifr
om thefet
us.Thi
sall
occurswi
thoutanastomosis.

60.Eachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sar
ecor
rect
lypai
redEXCEPT:

A.r
ightv
itel
l
inev
ein-i
nfer
iorv
enacav
a

B.l
eftv
itel
l
inev
ein-l
i
versi
nusoi
ds

C.r
ightant
eri
orcar
dinal
vei
n-par
tofsuper
iorv
enacav
a

D.r
ightumbi
l
ical
vei
n-def
ini
ti
veumbi
l
ical
vei
n

E.l
eftsi
nushor
n-cor
onar
ysi
nus

D.i
scor
rect
.

Therightumbi
l
ical
vei
nt ot
all
ydi
sappear
s.Thedefi
nit
iveumbi
l
ical
vei
nist
hel
eftone.Af
terbi
rt
h,
i
tclosesandbecomestheli
gamentum t
ereshepat
is.

61.Thefoll
owingembr
yoni
cst
ruct
uresar
einv
olv
edi
nthef
ormat
ionoft
hedef
ini
ti
ver
ight
atr
ium EXCEPT:

A.pr
imi
ti
veat
ri
um

B.r
ightsi
nusv
enosus

C.l
eftsi
nusv
enosus

D.r
ightsi
nushor
n

E.l
eftsi
nushor
n

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theleftsinushornr
egr
essesduri
ngdev el
opmentt
oform cor
onarysi
nus.Obl
iquevei
nofleft
atr
ium,from lef
tcommoncardi
nal,dr
ainstoi
t.Cor
onar
ysinusdrai
nsbloodfr
om thehear
tint
o
theri
ghtat r
ium.
62.Eachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngl
i
gament
sint
headul
tar
eder
ivedf
rom f
etal
bloodv
essel
sEXCEPT:

A.medi
alumbi
l
ical
li
gament

B.medi
anumbi
l
ical
li
gament

C.r
oundl
i
gamentoft
hel
i
ver(
li
gament
um t
ereshepat
is)

D.l
i
gament
um v
enosum

E.l
i
gament
um ar
ter
iosum

B.i
scor
rect
.

Medianumbil
ical
li
gament,at
tachingtoupperpartofbladder
,isar
emnantoft
heurachus,
whi
chitsel
fwasar emnantoftheall
antoi
s.Theallant
oiswasaconnect
ionbet
weentheuri
nar
y
bl
adderandtheyolksac,
notaf et
albl
oodv essel
.

63.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
heonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
hel
i
gament
um t
ereshepat
isi
s:

A.umbi
l
ical
vei
n

B.umbi
l
ical
art
ery

C.v
itel
l
inev
ein

D.3r
daor
ti
car
ch

E.6t
haor
ti
car
ch

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thel
igament
um t
ereshepati
sistheremnantoft
heumbil
i
calvei
naftert
heumbili
cal
vei
ncl
oses
atbi
rt
h.I
tcanbefoundi
nt hefal
cif
ormli
gament,av
ent
ralmesent
eryderi
vat
ive.

64.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
hepor
tal
vei
nis:

A.umbi
l
ical
vei
n

B.umbi
l
ical
art
ery

C.v
itel
l
inev
ein

D.3r
daor
ti
car
ch

E.6t
haor
ti
car
ch

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thepr
otal
vei
nformswhenananast
omoti
cnet
workaroundtheduodenum f
ormsonev
essel
.
Thi
sanast
omoti
cnetwor
kisf
rom t
hevei
nsoft
hegut,
thev i
tel
l
inevei
ns.
65.Thesi
nusv
enosus:

A.hasar
ighthor
nwhi
chper
sist
sint
headul
tast
hecor
onar
ysi
nus

B.hasal
eftv
enousv
alv
ewhi
chdev
elopsi
ntot
hev
alv
eoft
hecor
onar
ysi
nus

C.f
ormst
hesmoot
h-wal
l
edpor
ti
onoft
headul
tri
ghtat
ri
um

D.r
ecei
vesbl
ooddi
rect
lyf
rom t
hepor
tal
vei
n

C.i
scor
rect
.

Theleftsi
nushornregr
essesandper si
stsasthemainvei
noftheheart
,thecoronarysi
nus,
whosev al
veari
sesfrom thei
nferi
orpartofther
ightv
enousvalv
e.Theri
ghtsinushornis
i
ncorporat
edint
ot heri
ghtatr
ium,whereitformsthesmooth-
wall
edpart
.Thepor t
alvei
ndoes
notsendbloodtothesinusvenosus.

66.Ost
ium secundum def
ect
:

A.i
schar
act
eri
zedbyal
argeopeni
ngbet
weenl
eftandr
ightat
ri
a

B.maybecausedbyexcessi
ver
esor
pti
onofsept
um pr
imum

C.maybecausedbyi
nadequat
edev
elopmentofsept
um secundum

D.maybeaccompani
edbyi
ntr
acar
diacshunt
ingofbl
ood

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Anost i
um secundum def
ectisalar
geopeni
ngbetweentheatr
iathatcanbecausedei
therby
excessi
veresorpti
onoftheseptum pr
imum ori
nadequat
edevel
opmentoftheseptum
secundum.Dependingont hesi
zeofthedef
ect,t
herecanbeshunti
ngofthebloodbet
weenthe
atr
ia.

67.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hehear
t:

A.t
hecor
onar
ysi
nusi
sfor
medf
rom t
hel
efthor
noft
hesi
nusv
enosus

B.t
heobl
i
quev
einoft
hel
eftat
ri
um i
sfor
medf
rom t
hel
eftpost
eri
orcar
dinal
vei
n

C.t
hev
alv
eoft
hecor
onar
ysi
nusi
sfor
medf
rom t
hel
eftsi
nusv
alv
e

D.t
hev
alv
eoft
hei
nfer
iorv
enacav
aisf
ormedf
rom t
hel
eftsi
nusv
alv
e

A.i
scor
rect
.

Lef
thornofsi
nusvenosusfor
mscoronar
ysi
nusandleftcommoncardi
nalv
einbecomes
obl
iquevei
nofthel
eftat
ri
um.Theri
ghtsi
nusval
vebecomestheval
veofthecor
onarysi
nus
andt
hev
alv
eofi
nfer
iorv
enacav
a.Lef
tsi
nusv
alv
ebecomespar
tofi
nter
atr
ial
sept
um.

68.Themesenchy
mal
cel
l
swhi
chaggr
egat
etof
orm bl
oodi
slandsar
ecal
l
ed:

A.hemobl
ast
s

B.mesobl
ast
s

C.f
ibr
obl
ast
s

D.angi
obl
ast
s

E.noneoft
heabov
e

D.i
scor
rect
.

Angiobl
astsar
et hecel
l
st hatfor
mt hebloodi
slands.Thesebloodisl
andst hendevel
opintothe
bloodcell
sandtheendotheli
um ofthebloodvessel
s.Thisearl
ybloodcellandbloodvessel
formati
onoccursfir
sti
ntheext r
aembryonicmesoderm oftheyol
ksac, chorionandconnect
ing
stal
k.

69.Cl
osur
eoft
hef
oramenpr
imum r
esul
tsf
rom f
usi
onoft
he:

A.sept
um secundum andt
hef
usedendocar
dial
cushi
ons

B.sept
um secundum andt
hesept
um pr
imum

C.sept
um pr
imum andt
hef
usedendocar
dial
cushi
ons

D.sept
um pr
imum andt
hesept
um spur
ium

E.sept
um pr
imum andt
hesi
noat
ri
alv
alv
es

C.i
scor
rect
.

Theseptum pri
mum andtheendocar
dialcushionsfusetoclosetheforamenprimum.
Subsequentl
y,per
for
ati
onsi
ntheupperpar toftheseptum pri
mum coalescetoformthe
for
amensecundum.I ti
sthi
sforamenthatclosespostnatal
lywhenleftatr
ial
pressur
eequal
s
ri
ghtatr
ialpr
essure.

70.Themostcommont
ypeofcar
diacsept
aldef
ecti
s:

A.muscul
art
ypev
ent
ri
cul
arsept
aldef
ect
,orVSD

B.secundum t
ypeat
ri
alsept
aldef
ect
,orASD

C.membr
anoust
ypeVSD

D.pr
imum t
ypeASD
E.si
nusv
enosus

C.i
scor
rect
.

Alt
hought
hemostcommonATRI ALsept
aldefecti
sthesecundum t
ypeASD,
theov
eral
lmost
commoncardi
acsept
aldef
ecti
sthemembr anoustypeVSD.

71.Thef
etal
lef
tat
ri
um i
smai
nlyder
ivedf
rom t
he:

A.pr
imi
ti
vepul
monar
yvei
n

B.pr
imi
ti
veat
ri
um

C.r
ightpul
monar
yvei
n

D.si
nusv
enar
um

E.si
nusv
enosus

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thepri
mitivepul
monaryveinbecomesincorporat
edintothewalloft
hefetal
lef
tatr
ium,f
ormi
ng
mostofit.Theori
ginal
lef
tatr
ium becomesat r
abeculat
edatri
alappendagecal
ledt
helef
t
aur
icl
e,becauseitr
esemblesan"ear"ontheheart
.

72.Thef
etal
rightat
ri
um i
smai
nlyder
ivedf
rom:

A.pr
imi
ti
vepul
monar
yvei
n

B.pr
imi
ti
veat
ri
um

C.r
ightpul
monar
yvei
n

D.si
nusv
enar
um

E.si
nusv
enosus

E.i
scor
rect
.

Ther i
ghtsinushornofthesinusvenosusenl
argesandformsthefetalri
ghtatri
um.Thel eft
sinushornregressestofor
mt hemai nvei
ndrai
ningthehear
tmuscle,thecoronarysinus.The
origi
nalr
ightatri
um becomest her
ightaur
icl
eandalsopartofr
ightatr
ium anteri
ortothecrist
a
terminal
i
s.

73.Ther
emnantoft
hef
ir
staor
ti
car
char
ter
yis:

A.st
apedi
alar
ter
y

B.i
nter
nal
car
oti
dar
ter
y
C.maxi
l
lar
yar
ter
y

D.commoncar
oti
dar
ter
y

E.t
he1star
char
ter
yregr
esseswi
thoutr
emnant
s

C.i
scor
rect
.

Fi
rstarchbecomesmaxi
ll
ary
;2ndar chremnantsar
estapedial
andhy oi
dart
eri
es;3r
darch
becomescommonandpr oxi
malinternalcar
oti
dart
eri
es;4tharchbecomesproxi
malri
ght
subcl
av i
anandpar
tofar
chofaorta;6tharchbecomesproximalpul
monaryart
eri
esandduct
us
art
eri
osus.

74.Theaor
ti
csac:

A.i
sthear
eai
mmedi
atel
ydi
stal
tot
hev
ent
ri
cles

B.i
sconnect
edt
othedor
sal
aor
tav
iat
heaor
ti
car
char
ter
ies

C.i
spr
eser
vedast
her
egi
onoft
hesemi
l
unarv
alv
esi
ntheadul
thear
t

D.i
sal
soknownast
het
runcusar
ter
iosus

E.noneoft
heabov
e

B.i
scor
rect
.

Theaor t
icsacreceivesbloodfrom t
het r
uncusart
eri
osusandsendsitintot
heaort
icarch
arteri
eswhichbranchf r
om itandconnectittot
hepaireddorsal
aort
ae.Aort
icsacbecomest
he
proximalpartofaorti
carchandt hebrachi
ocephal
ict
runk.Semil
unarvalv
esari
sefrom t
hewall
s
oft r
uncusarter
iosus.

75.Thecr
ist
ater
minal
i
sisder
ivedf
rom:

A.r
ighthor
noft
hesi
nusv
enosus

B.l
efthor
noft
hesi
nusv
enosus

C.pr
imi
ti
veat
ri
um

D.AVcanal

E.Ri
ghtcuspoft
hev
alv
eoft
hesi
nusv
enosus

E.i
scor
rect
.

Thisisprett
ypi cky.Cri
stal
termi
nalisi
st her
idgeont hei
nnersurf
aceoftherightatr
ium t
hat
demar cat
est hesmoot hwalledpartderi
vedfrom si
nusvenosusandt hepect
inatemuscle-
contai
ningpar tfrom pr
imit
iveri
ghtatri
um.Itmarkswheretherightcuspofthesinoatr
ialv
alv
e
wasbef orethesi nusbecamepartofatrium.
76.Ther
egi
onoft
heat
ri
ovent
ri
cul
arcanal
dev
elopsi
nto:

A.t
hesemi
l
unarv
alv
es

B.t
heat
ri
alsept
um

C.t
hemi
tr
alandt
ri
cuspi
dval
ves

D.t
hebaseoft
hev
ent
ri
cle

E.t
het
rabecul
atedpor
ti
onoft
her
ightat
ri
um

C.i
scor
rect
.

Withanamelikeat r
iovent
ricul
arcanal
,youmighthopeitwouldbecomesomet hingtodowit
h
theat
ri
oventr
icularvalv
es.Thesinglecanal
isdiv
idedbytheingrowthoftheendocardi
al
cushi
ons.Therightatri
oventri
cul
arval
veisthetr
icuspi
d,whi
letheleftAVval
veisbicuspi
d,
knownasthemi tralval
ve.

77.Meckel
'
sdi
ver
ti
cul
um i
sanadul
tremnantoft
he:

A.ur
achus

B.hi
ndgut

C.par
scy
sti
ca

D.v
itel
l
ineduct

E.dor
sal
pancr
eat
icduct

D.i
scor
rect
.

Vit
ell
ineducti
saconnecti
onbet weenembr yoni
cmidgutandyol
ksac, fr
om whichgut
devel
oped.Asdevelopmentproceeds,
v i
tell
i
neductnor
mallyr
egresses.Ifi
tdoesnot,i
tmay
persi
stasaMeckel'
sdivert
icul
um, avi
tel
lineductcy
st,
anumbili
cal/v
itel
li
nefi
stul
a,orafi
brous
cordconnecti
ngguttoumbili
cus.

78.Thefol
l
owingev
entsint
hedev
elopmentoft
heabdomi
nal
cav
ityar
egr
eat
lyaf
fect
edbyt
he
rapi
dgrowthoft
heli
ver
:

A.ur
orect
alsept
um f
ormat
ion

B.dor
sal
mesent
erymor
phogenesi
s

C.f
ormat
ionofi
nfer
iorr
ecessofl
essersac

D.her
niat
ionofmi
dgutl
oop

D.i
scor
rect
.
Therapidgrowt
hoftheli
verhasconsi
der abl
eeff
ectonthedevelopmentoft hev ent
ral
mesentery
,anditpr
omotestheherni
ationofthemidgutbyoccupyingspacei ntheabdomi nal
cav
ity.I
tdoesnotaff
ecturor
ect
alseptum format
ionorthei
nferi
orr ecessofthelessersac.

79.Theembr
yoni
cfor
egutdi
ff
erent
iat
esi
ntoal
lorpar
toft
he:

A.l
i
ver

B.v
ent
ral
pancr
eas

C.esophagus

D.l
ung

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect

Deri
vati
vesofembryoni
cforeguti
ncludephary
nx,
esophagus,l
ungsandrespi
rat
oryt
ract,
stomach,thepar
toftheduodenum crani
alt
othehepat
icdiv
ert
icul
um,thepancr
eas,
liv
erand
gall
bladder.

80.Abnor
mal
int
est
inal
rot
ati
ondur
ingf
etal
dev
elopmentmaypr
oducet
hef
oll
owi
ng:

A.congeni
tal
umbi
l
ical
her
nia

B.annul
arpancr
eas

C.i
nfar
cti
onandgangr
ene

D.di
aphr
agmat
icher
nia

E.Meckel
'
sdi
ver
ti
cul
um ordi
ver
ti
cul
um i
l
ei

C.i
scor
rect
.

Abnormal rotati
onoft hei
ntestinalloopcausesi
ttoret
urntotheabdomeni nadif
ferentorder
,
withthecolonbei ngthefir
sttor eturnt
othegut.Thi
sposit
ionsthi
ngsbackwards,andthegut
mayt wistabnormal l
y.Suchtwist i
ngorvolvul
uscanobstr
uctthebloodsupplyt
othegut ,
resul
tinginfarct
ionandgangr ene.

81.Al
lofushas"
suf
fer
ed"whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
ypesofher
nia?

A.i
ngui
nal

B.umbi
l
ical

C.l
umbar

D.di
aphr
agmat
ic
E.f
emor
al

B.i
scor
rect
.

Theher ni
ati
onofthemidgutoutthr
oughtheumbil
icusisanormal
eventi
ndevel
opment.
Howev er,
theint
esti
nalcontent
smayfai
ltoret
urntotheabdomen,r
esul
ti
nginanomphalocel
e.
Viscer
amayher niat
elatert
hrought
heweakumbi l
i
calregi
on,andt
hisi
satrueumbi
li
calherni
a.

82.I
nthedi
gest
ivesy
stem:

A.f
ail
ureoft
hei
ntest
inal
loopst
oret
urni
ntot
heabdomi
nal
cav
ityf
ormsMeckel
'
sdi
ver
ti
cul
um

B.anomphal
ocel
ewoul
dmostl
i
kel
ydev
elopar
oundt
he10t
h-12t
hweekofgest
ati
on

C.st
enosi
soft
hegutmostf
requent
lyoccur
sint
hel
argei
ntest
ine

D.anannul
arpancr
easi
scausedbyaf
ail
urei
nnor
mal
migr
ati
onoft
hedor
sal
pancr
eas

B.i
scor
rect
.

Retur
noftheintesti
nal
loopstotheabdomenoccurstowar
dtheendofthethi
rdmonth.Fai
lur
e
todosoresultsinanomphalocel
e.Stenosi
softheguti
smostcommoni ntheduodenum.An
annul
arpancreasresul
tswhenthelef
tpor t
ionft
hevent
ral
pancr
easmigrat
esinadirect
ion
opposi
tenormal.

83.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hegut
:

A.t
hecel
i
act
runkr
epr
esent
sthebl
oodsuppl
ytot
hemi
dgut

B.theearl
yembr
yomai
ntai
nsaconnect
ionbet
weent
hemi
dgutandt
hey
olksacv
iat
he
al
lantoi
s

C.muscl
e,connect
ivet
issueandbl
oodv
essel
sint
hegutwal
lar
eder
ivedf
rom spl
anchni
c
mesoder
m

D.t
hepr
imi
ti
vegutt
ubei
sinopencommuni
cat
ionwi
tht
heamni
oti
ccav
ity

.
..

84.Thel
i
ver
:

A.r
ecei
vesbl
oodf
rom t
hepl
acent
avi
atheumbi
l
ical
vei
nwhi
chr
unsi
nthef
alci
for
mli
gament

B.f
ormsasadi
ver
ti
cul
um f
rom t
hef
oregutendoder
m

C.containshemopoi
eti
candconnect
ivet
issuecel
l
sder
ivedf
rom mesoder
m oft
hesept
um
tr
ansversum

D.cont
ainshepat
icsi
nusoi
dsder
ivedf
rom t
hev
itel
l
inev
eins
E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Liv
erdevel
opsf r
om anendoder
mal hepati
cdiver
ticul
um, butal
socontainsmesoder
mal
hemopoiet
icandconnecti
veti
ssue.Bloodfrom t
heplacentareachesl
ivervi
athelef
tumbil
ical
vei
nbutby-passesthesi
nusoi
dsthroughtheductusv enosus.Thesi
nusoidsareder
ivedf
rom
thevi
tel
l
ineveins.

85.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hemi
dgut
:

A.t
hesuper
iormesent
eri
car
ter
yist
heaxi
sforcl
ockwi
ser
otat
ionoft
hemi
dgutl
oop

B.t
heper
sist
enceofpar
toft
hev
itel
l
ineductl
eadst
our
achal
fist
ala

C.av
itel
l
inecy
stmayr
esul
tfr
om abnor
mal
remodel
i
ngoft
hev
itel
l
inev
eins

D.anomphal
ocel
eisnotsy
nony
mouswi
thcongeni
tal
umbi
l
ical
her
nia

D.i
scor
rect
.

Themi dgutrot
atesinacountercl
ockwisedir
ectionaroundsuper
iormesentericart
ery.
Persi
stenceofthevitel
li
neductmaycauseav i
tell
i
nef i
stul
aorcyst
.Omphal oceleresul
tsf
rom a
fai
l
ureofmi dguttoretur
ntotheabdomi nal
cavity,whil
econgeni
talumbi
li
cal herni
aisalat
er
herni
ati
onofgutt hr
oughabdomi nalwall
.

86.Aper
sist
enceoft
hev
itel
l
ineductmayr
esul
tin:

A.i
l
eal
div
ert
icul
um

B.Meckel
'
sdi
ver
ti
cul
um

C.Vi
tel
l
inecy
st

D.Umbi
l
ical
fist
ula

E.Al
loft
heabov
e

E.i
scor
rect
.

Ift
hev i
tell
i
neductremai nspatent
,ther
ewi l
lbeanumbi li
cal
orvit
ell
i
nefist
ula,l
eaking
meconium orfetalf
ecesatt heumbili
cus.Part
ial
closureofvi
tel
l
ineductmayr esulti
navi
tel
l
ine
cystoraMeckel '
s/i
leal
di v
erti
cul
um.Thel at
terar
ef oundontheanti
-mesenter
icsideofi
l
eum
withi
n2f eetofcecum.

87.Thet
ermi
nal
dil
atedpar
toft
hehi
ndguti
scal
l
edt
he:

A.cl
oaca

B.y
olkst
alk
C.al
l
ant
ois

D.cecum

E.coel
om

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thefol
dingoftheembr y
obri
ngst heal
lant
oisandthehi ndguti
ntoassoci
ation.Thedil
ated
ter
minalpar
tofthehindguti
scalledt
hecloaca,anditcommuni cat
eswiththeal l
ant
ois.Lateri
n
devel
opmentthecloacaisdi
videdbytheurorect
alseptum int
otheprimit
iveurogeni
talsinus
andtheanorect
alcanal
.

88.Thet
racheoesophageal
sept
um separ
atest
he:

A.l
ary
ngot
racheal
tubeandnasophar
ynx

B.esophagusandnasophar
ynx

C.l
ary
ngot
racheal
tubeandesophagus

D.l
ary
ngot
racheal
tubeandor
ophar
ynx

E.esophagusandor
ophar
ynx

C.i
scor
rect
.

Pharynxi
sthecommonf ood/airtube,soitwoul
dnotbewi setoputaseptum bet
weenpharynx
andesophagusortrachea.Howev er,thel
ungsbudf r
om t
hef or
egutasananteri
ordiv
erti
cul
um
bet
weent he4thand6thbr anchialar
ches,expl
aini
ngwhysuperiorl
ary
ngealandrecurr
ent
l
aryngeal
nervesfr
om v agusinnervatelar
ynx.

89.Theoment
alapr
onoft
hegr
eat
eroment
um:

A.communi
cat
eswi
tht
heper
it
oneal
cav
ityv
iat
heepi
ploi
cfor
amenofWi
nsl
ow

B.becomesr
etr
oper
it
oneal
int
headul
t

C.hast
heascendi
ngcol
onl
ocat
edwi
thi
nit
ssuper
iorboundar
y

D.i
saquadr
upl
elay
erofper
it
oneum

E.i
slostdur
ingembr
yoni
cdev
elopment

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theoment al
apronist
heporti
onofthegreateromentum,
conti
nuouswithgast
rocol
icl
i
gament ,
whichhangsfrom t
hetr
ansver
secolon.Ear
lyindevel
opment
,iti
sanopensac,communi cati
ng
wit
hthelessersacoromental
bursa.Thewallsoft
hesacaretwolayer
sofperi
toneum,forming
aquadrupl
elayerwhenthebagfuses.
90.Whi
chducti
sNOTassoci
atedwi
thur
inar
ysy
stem dev
elopment
?

A.ur
eter
icbud

B.par
amesonephr
icduct

C.Wol
ff
ianduct

D.pr
onephr
icduct

E.mesonephr
icduct

B.i
scor
rect
.

Theparamesonephr
icductar
isesal
ongtheurogeni
talr
idge,
separ
atefrom t
heurinar
ysyst
em.
I
nthefemale,t
heparamesonephri
cductdev
elopsintot
heuteri
netubes,ut
erusandupperpar
t
oft
hevagina.

91.Thepeni
l
eur
ethr
aisder
ivedf
rom t
he:

A.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

B.pel
vi
cpar
toft
hev
esi
cour
ethr
alcanal

C.phal
l
icpar
toft
hev
esi
cour
ethr
alcanal

D.cl
oaca

E.mesonephr
icduct

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thepenil
eur
ethr
a,al
lbutnavi
cul
arport
ion,devel
opsf
rom t
heurogeni
talsi
nus.Theur
ogeni
tal
si
nusalsopr
oducest
heur i
nar
ybladder
,prostat
eandbul
bouret
hralgl
ands.

92.Thest
ruct
uredi
vi
dingt
hecl
oacai
ntot
wopar
tsi
sthe:

A.di
stal
ret
ent
ionband

B.t
ransv
ersesept
um

C.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

D.ur
orect
alsept
um

E.cl
oacal
membr
ane

D.i
scor
rect
.

Theuror
ect
al sept
um di
videst
hecl
oacai
ntot
heur
ogeni
tal
sinusandr
ect
um,
dur
ingt
hesecond
monthofdevelopment.
93.Aft
erthesinovagi
nal
bul
bshavepr
oli
fer
atedandf
used,
theyf
orm asol
i
dcor
eof
endodermalcell
sknownasthe:

A.si
nust
uber
cle

B.pr
ost
ati
cut
ri
cle

C.v
agi
nal
plat
e

D.ut
erov
agi
nal
pri
mor
dium

E.v
aul
toft
hev
agi
na

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thesinov
agi
nal
bul
bsareevaginat
ionsfr
om t
heurogeni
tal
sinusi
nthefemale.Theypr
oli
fer
ate,
fuse,
andfor
mthevagi
nal
plate,whicht
hencanal
i
zestoformthelumenofvagina.

94.Theembr
yoni
cor
igi
n(s)oft
hel
abi
ami
nor
ais/
are:

A.ur
ethr
alf
olds

B.geni
tal
tuber
cle

C.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

D.si
nov
agi
nal
bul
bs

E.cl
oacal
membr
ane

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thelabiaminoradev el
opfrom t
heurethral
orurogeni
talf
olds.I
nthemal
e,t
heuret
hralf
olds
ul
timatel
yfuse,formingtheventr
alaspectoft
hepenis.Thelabi
amajor
aandthescrot
um ari
se
fr
om thegenitalfol
dsorswelli
ngs.

95.Theembr
yoni
cor
igi
n(s)oft
hepeni
l
eur
ethr
ais/
are:

A.ur
ethr
alf
olds

B.geni
tal
tuber
cle

C.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

D.si
nov
agi
nal
bul
bs

E.cl
oacal
membr
ane

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thel
abi
ami
nor
adev
elopf
rom t
heur
ethr
alorur
ogeni
tal
fol
ds.I
nthemal
e,t
heur
ethr
alf
olds
ult
imat
elyfuse,
encl
osi
ngthepeni
leorspongyuret
hra.Howev
er,
theur
ethr
apassi
ngt
hrough
thegl
ansisformedbycanal
i
zati
onoftheglandul
arplat
e.

96.Theembr
yoni
cor
igi
n(s)oft
hescr
otum i
s/ar
e:

A.ur
ethr
alf
olds

B.geni
tal
tuber
cle

C.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

D.si
nov
agi
nal
bul
bs

E.cl
oacal
membr
ane

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thescr
otum i
nthemaleandt hel
abiamaj oraari
sefr
om thegeni
tal
swell
i
ngsorf
olds.Cl
oacal
membraneissubdi
vi
dedintotheurorectalmembraneandanalmembranebyt
heurogeni
tal
sept
um.Thesemembr anesshoul
dr upturedur
ingthe9t
hweek.

97.Thefol
lowi
ngst
ruct
uresar
edi
rect
lyori
ndi
rect
lyder
ivedf
rom t
hemesonephr
icorWol
ff
ian
ductEXCEPT:

A.par
toft
heepi
didy
mis

B.par
toft
heki
dney

C.par
toft
heur
inar
ybl
adder

D.semi
nal
vesi
cles

E.pr
ost
ate

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theprostateisderiv
edf r
om theurogeni
tal
sinus,wi
thnocont
ri
buti
onfrom t
hemesonephric
duct
s.Uretericbud,fr
om mesonephr i
cduct,gi
vesri
setot
hecoll
ect
ingsyst
em oft
hekidney.A
port
ionofthemesonephr i
cductsbecomesincorpor
atedi
ntot
hetri
goneregi
onofthebladder.
Seminalvesiclesbudfrom themesonephri
cduct.

98.Thef
oll
owi
ngst
ruct
uresar
etheder
ivat
ivesoft
hepr
imi
ti
veur
ogeni
tal
sinusEXCEPT:

A.mostoft
heur
inar
ybl
adder

B.mal
eur
ethr
a

C.f
emal
eur
ethr
a

D.l
owerv
agi
na
E.ej
acul
ator
yduct
s

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theej
acul
ator
yduct
sar
eder
ivati
vesofthemesonephr
icduct
s.Al
loft
heot
her
shav
eatl
east
somecont
ri
buti
onfr
omt
heurogenit
alsi
nus.

99.Theder
ivat
ivesoft
heWol
ff
ianducti
ncl
udeeachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngexcept
:

A.l
ongi
tudi
nal
ductofGar
tner

B.r
oundl
i
gamentofut
erus

C.duct
usdef
erens

D.ductoft
heepi
didy
mis

E.ej
acul
ator
yduct

B.i
scor
rect
.

Gartner
sduct,
li
ket
heappendixoft
heepi di
dymis,hol
dsmor ei
mpor t
ancetoNati
onalBoard
examinerst
hananyoneel
se.I
tisavest
igialr
emnantoft hemesonephri
cductint
hefemale.The
roundli
gamentoft
heuter
usisderi
vedfrom thegubernacul
um,rat
herthanthemesonephr
ic
duct.

100.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
heov
iducti
s:

A.mesonephr
ict
ubul
es

B.mesonephr
icduct

C.par
amesonephr
icduct

D.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

E.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

C.i
scor
rect
.

Paramesonephri
cductsgi
ver i
setotheovi
ductsorut
eri
netubes,
uterusandupperport
ionof
thevagi
na.Inmales,t
heprostat
icut
ricl
eandtheappendi
xofthetest
isarevest
igi
alr
emnants
oftheparamesonephri
cducts.

101.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
heef
fer
entduct
soft
het
est
esi
s:

A.mesonephr
ict
ubul
es

B.mesonephr
icduct
C.par
amesonephr
icduct

D.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

E.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

A.i
scor
rect
.

Theeffer
entduct
ulesoft
het
est
esar
etheonl
yfunct
ional
der
ivat
ivesoft
hemesonephr
ic
tubul
es.

102.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
hev
est
ibul
eint
hef
emal
eis:

A.mesonephr
ict
ubul
es

B.mesonephr
icduct

C.par
amesonephr
icduct

D.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

E.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

E.i
scor
rect
.

Inthemale,
theurogenitalsi
nusgivesrisetotheuri
nar
ybladder
,allbutdistalurethr
a,pr
ostate
andbulbour
ethr
alglands.Inthef
emal e, i
tgiv
esri
setotheuri
narybladder,urethra,l
owerpartof
vagina,
vest
ibul
e,ur
ethralandparaurethralgl
andsandgreat
ervest
ibularglands.

103.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
heur
ethr
aint
hef
emal
eis:

A.mesonephr
ict
ubul
es

B.mesonephr
icduct

C.par
amesonephr
icduct

D.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

E.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

E.i
scor
rect
.

Inthemal e,
theur ogeni
talsi
nusgivesrisetotheuri
nar
ybladder
,prostate,
bul bourethr
algl
ands
andal l
butdistaluret
hral
.Inthef
emal e,itgiv
esri
setotheuri
narybladder,
ur ethr
a, l
owerpartof
vagina,vest
ibule,
urethr
alandparaurethralgl
andsandgreat
ervesti
bularglands.

104.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngassoci
ati
onsar
ecor
rect
?

A.r
enal
pel
vi
s-ur
eter
icbud
B.ur
eter-ur
eter
icbud

C.ur
ethr
a-ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

D.medi
anumbi
l
ical
li
gament-ur
achus

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Uret
eri
cbudgivesr i
setoever
y t
hingfr
om collect
ingduct sthroughureters.Deri
vati
vesofUG
si
nusincl
udebladderandurethraofbothsexes,pr ostateandbulbourethralgl
ands,l
owervagi
na
anduret
hral
,parauret
hral
andv esti
bul
arlands.Allantoisbecomesur achus,whichthenbecomes
medianumbil
icalli
gament.

105.Embry
ologi
cal
ly,
eachur
ini
fer
oust
ubul
econsi
stsoft
wopar
tswhi
chbecomeconf
luentat
thej
unct
ionofthe:

A.ascendi
ngl
i
mbofHenl
e'
sloopandt
hedi
stal
conv
olut
edt
ubul
e

B.r
enal
cor
puscl
eandt
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
olut
edt
ubul
e

C.descendi
ngandascendi
ngl
i
mbsoft
hel
oopofHenl
e

D.pr
oxi
mal
conv
olut
edt
ubul
eandt
hel
oopofHenl
e

E.di
stal
conv
olut
edt
ubul
eandt
hecol
l
ect
ingt
ubul
e

E.i
scor
rect
.

Everythi
ngfrom Bowman' scapsuletothedist
alconvol
utedtubul
edevel
opsf rom t he
met anephr
iccap.Ev er
ythi
ngf r
om thecol
lecti
ngtubul
esthroughtheur
eterdev elopsfrom t
he
ureteri
cbud.Thereforethejuncti
onbetweenthetwooccursbetweenthedistal convolut
ed
tubuleandthecollecti
ngtubule.

106.Theur
eter
icbudappear
sasanout
growt
hfr
om t
he:

A.met
anephr
icmass

B.l
ater
alpl
atemesoder
m

C.ur
ogeni
tal
sinus

D.al
l
ant
oicduct

E.mesonephr
icduct

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theur
eter
icbudi
sanout
growt
hoft
hemesonephr
icduct
.Itf
ormst
heur
eter
,renal
pel
vi
s,
cal
ycesandcol
l
ect
ingduct
s

107.Thepar
amesonephr
icduct
sinf
emal
eembr
yosgi
ver
iset
othe:

A.ut
eri
net
ubesandut
erus

B.epoohor
on

C.i
nfer
iorf
if
thoft
hev
agi
na

D.r
oundl
i
gamentoft
heut
erus

E.ov
ari
anl
i
gament

A.i
scor
rect
.

Theparamesonephr i
cductsinthefemaledevel
opintheuter
inetubes,theuter
usandt heupper
1/3ofthevagina.Theepoophoroncomef romthrmesonephr
ictubules.Thelowerport
ionofthe
vagi
nadevelopsfrom theurogeni
talsi
nus.Theroundl
igamentandtheov ari
anligamentare
fr
om thegubernaculum.

108.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
nggi
vesr
iset
othel
abi
amaj
ora?

A.geni
tal
fol
ds

B.geni
tal
swel
l
ings

C.geni
tal
tuber
cle

D.ur
orect
algol
d

E.i
ngui
nal
fol
d

B.i
scor
rect
.

Labiamaj
oraari
sefrom t
hegeni
talswel
li
ngs.Thei
rcount
erpartinthemal
eisthescr
otum,
whichal
soari
sesfrom t
hegeni
talswel
li
ngs.Thegeni
talt
ubercleformst
hedistal
endofpeni
s
andmostofcli
tor
is.

109.Theopt
icner
vei
sder
ivedf
rom whatembr
yoni
cti
ssue?

A.neur
alcr
est

B.headmesenchy
me

C.endoder
m

D.mesoder
m

E.ect
oder
m
E.i
scor
rect
.

Theopti
cnerv
eisderiv
edfrom nerv
ousti
ssue,t
heref
oreect
oderm,butnotneur
alcr
est.Opt
ic
sul
cioft
heneuralf
oldsfor
mingthefor
ebrai
nsendouttheopticv
esicl
es,whi
chthendevel
op
i
ntotheopt
iccupsconnect
edtof or
ebr
ainbytheopti
cstal
k.Theopti
cstal
kbecomestheoptic
ner
ve.

110.Neur
alcr
estcel
l
sdi
ff
erent
iat
eint
o:

A.post
gangl
i
oni
csy
mpat
het
iccel
lbodi
es

B.cel
l
soft
hei
nfer
iormesent
eri
cgangl
i
on

C.adr
enal
medul
l
arycel
l
s

D.cel
l
soft
heent
eri
cpl
exus

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Neuralcr
estcel
lsgiv
er i
setotheperi
pher
alpar
tsoft heautonomicnervoussystem, whi
ch
i
ncludesall
sympatheti
candparasympathet
icgangli
a.Neuralcrestcel
lsform al
lsensor
y
gangli
aoftheperi
pheralner
voussyst
em.Neuralcrestcel
lsalsopopulatetheadrenalmedul
l
a.

111.Ofthefol
lowing,t
hei
tem mostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
her
egul
ati
onofv
iscer
aland
endocr
inefuncti
onsis:

A.t
elencephal
on

B.di
encephal
on

C.mesencephal
on

D.met
encephal
on

E.my
elencehal
on

B.i
scor
rect
.

Thehy
pot
hal
amusoft
hedi
encephal
oni
sthecont
rol
cent
erf
orv
iscer
alandendocr
inef
unct
ions.

112.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
thei
tem mostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
heponsi
s:

A.t
elencephal
on

B.di
encephal
on

C.mesencephal
on
D.met
encephal
on

E.my
elencephal
on

D.i
scor
rect
.

Themetencephalondi
ffer
ent
iat
esi
ntothecer
ebel
l
um, t
hecoor
dinat
ioncent
erf
orpost
ureand
movementandt hepons,whi
chser
vesasaneural
rel
aycent
er.

113.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
hecer
ebr
um i
s:

A.t
elencephal
on

B.di
encephal
on

C.mesencephal
on

D.met
encephal
on

E.my
elencephal
on

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thecerebrum ari
sesfrom t
hetel
encephalon.Telencephalon,themostrostralpartoft
hebrai
n
vesi
cl
es,developsfrom t
heprosencephalonaslateraloutgr
owt hs,t
hecerebralhemispher
es
andanintermediatear
ea,thel
aminat er
mi nal
i
s.Lami naterminali
sdevel
opsi ntothe
commissuresconnectingthehemispheres.

114.Oft
hef
oll
owi
ng,
theonemostcl
osel
yassoci
atedwi
tht
he3r
dvent
ri
clei
s:

A.t
elencephal
on

B.di
encephal
on

C.mesencephal
on

D.met
encephal
on

E.my
elencephal
on

B.i
scor
rect
.

The3rdventr
icl
elieswithi
nthethal
amicareainthediencephal
on.Thel
ater
alventr
icl
esare
cav
iti
esoftheforebrai
ncerebr
alvesi
cles,
from t
elencephal
on.The4thvent
ri
clel
ieswithi
nthe
metencephal
on.

115.Cer
ebr
ospi
nal
flui
d:

A.i
spr
oducedi
nchor
oidpl
exuses
B.ci
rcul
atesi
nthev
ent
ri
cul
arsy
stem oft
hebr
ainandi
nthesubar
achnoi
dspaces

C.r
e-ent
erst
hev
enousbl
oodatt
hear
achnoi
d

D.gr
anul
ati
ons

E.bl
ockageofi
tsci
rcul
ati
oncanl
eadt
oint
ernal
orext
ernal
hydr
ocephal
us

F.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Cerebrospinalfl
uidispr oducedbyependy malcel
lsofthechoroi
dplexus.I
tcir
cul
ateswi
thi
nthe
ventr
icl
esoft hebr ain,
thecent r
alcanalofthespi
nalcordandthesubarachnoi
dspace.I
tis
resor
bedi ntothev enoussy stem v
iaarachnoidgr
anulati
ons.I
ffl
owisblocked,CSF
accumul at
esandcr eateshydrocephal
us.

116.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hener
voussy
stem:

A.t
her
ear
efi
vepr
imar
ybr
ainv
esi
cles

B.dur
ingt
he5t
hweek,
eachbr
ainv
esi
clesubdi
vi
desi
nto2par
ts

C.t
hepont
inef
lexur
eisi
nadi
rect
ionopposi
tet
hemesencephal
i
candcer
vical
flexur
e

D.neur
alepi
thel
i
alcel
l
sar
efoundi
nthemar
ginal
lay
er

C.i
scor
rect
.

Thereareiniti
all
y3br
ainvesi
cles:prosencephal
on,mesencephalonandr
hombencephalon.The
pros-andrhombencephalondivi
deinto2par t
s.Thepontinef
lexurei
sopposi
tet
othe
mesencephal i
candcervi
calf
lexures.Themar gi
nall
ayercont
ainsthener
vefi
ber
sarisi
ngf r
om
theneuroblasts.

117.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hener
voussy
stem:

A.t
hesul
cusl
i
mit
ansi
sfoundi
nthedi
encephal
on

B.theinfundi
bul
um i
sanout
growt
hoft
het
elencephal
ont
hatdev
elopsi
ntot
he
neurohypophysi
s

C.sensor
ynucl
eii
nthehi
ndbr
ainl
i
event
ral
tot
hesul
cusl
i
mit
ans

D.t
hei
nnereari
sder
ivedf
rom sur
faceect
oder
m

D.i
scor
rect
.

Thesul
cusli
mit
ansisalater
al,l
ongit
udinalgroovedivi
dingbasalandalarpl
ates.The
i
nfundi
bul
um i
sanoutpouchingofthehy pot
halamicregionthatbecomesneurohypophysi
s.
Sensor
ynucl
eil
iedor
saltothesulcusli
mi t
ans.Int
ernaleari
sf r
om thi
ckenedsurfaceect
oder
m
(
oti
cpl
acode)nearr
hombencephal
on.

118.I
nthedev
elopmentoft
hener
voussy
stem:

A.t
heneur
algr
oov
efor
msf
rom t
heneur
alpl
ate

B.t
heneur
alf
oldsar
ecomposedofneur
oepi
thel
i
alcel
l
s

C.t
heneur
alt
ubemai
ntai
nst
empor
arycont
actwi
tht
heamni
oti
ccav
ityv
ianeur
opor
es

D.neur
oepi
thel
i
alcel
l
sgi
ver
iset
obot
hneur
obl
ast
sandgl
i
abl
ast
s

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect

E.i
scor
rect
.

Theneur al
grooveformstheneural
platewhenlater
alpar
tsoftheplat
eelevatet
oform neural
folds.Neur
alfol
dsarecomposedofneur oepi
thel
i
um whichgivesr
isetoneurobl
ast
s,gli
ablasts
andependy malcel
ls.Af
tertheneur
altubefor
ms, i
tmaint
ainscont
actwiththeamniot
iccav i
ty
viacrani
alandcaudalneuropor
es.

119.Wi
thr
espectt
othener
voussy
stem,
whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTcor
rect
:

A.amuscl
e'
sner
vesuppl
ycanbeusedasani
ndi
cat
orofi
tsl
evel
ofor
igi
nandpat
hof
migr
ati
on

B.Rathke'
spouchi
sanout
growt
hofor
alect
oder
mthatbecomest
heant
eri
orl
obeoft
he
hypophysi
s

C.t
hesul
cusl
i
mit
ansmar
kst
heboundar
ybet
weenmot
orandsensor
yar
eas

D.sensor
ynucl
eii
nthehi
ndbr
ainl
i
event
ral
tomot
ornucl
ei

D.i
scor
rect
.

Thenervesuppl
ytr
avelswit
hthemuscl e,i
ndi
catingi
tsorigi
nandmi gr
ati
onpath.Rat
hke'
s
pouch,f
rom whi
chtheanter
iorpi
tui
taryisfor
med, i
sfrom oralect
oder
m.Sulcusli
mit
ans
di
videsmotorandsensor
yareas.Sensorynuclei
inthehindbrai
nli
edorsalt
othemotornucl
ei.

120.Congeni
tal
absenceofneur
alcr
estcel
l
scoul
dresul
tin:

A.absenceofsy
mpat
het
icchai
ngangl
i
a

B.f
aci
almal
for
mat
ions

C.absenceofadr
enal
medul
l
a

D.absenceofpi
gmentcel
l
s

E.al
loft
heabov
ear
ecor
rect
E.i
scor
rect
.

Neur
alcrestcell
sform al
l sensoryandautonomicgangl
ia,
Schwanncell
s,meningesofthebr
ain
andspi
nalcord,adrenalmedul l
a,pigmentcel
lsoft
heskinandconnect
ivet
issuesofthehead
andneck,i
ncludi
ngodont oblastsfordent
inofthet
eeth.

121.Thebrai
nfl
exur
ewhi
chdev
elopsbet
weent
hemet
encephal
onandt
hemy
elencephal
oni
s
cal
ledthe:

A.pont
ine

B.hi
ndbr
ain

C.cer
vical

D.cephal
i
c

E.mi
dbr
ain

A.i
scor
rect
.

Thepontinef
lexur
eoccur sbet
weent hemetencephal
on,whi
chf or
mst heponsandcerebel
l
um,
andthemy el
encephalon,whi
chfor
mst hemedul l
a.Thetwootherfl
exures,
thecephal
i
candt he
cer
vical
,fl
exinadirecti
onopposi
tethatoft
hepont i
ne.