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    Farisabdullah, 31

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    PLANNING MALAYSIA:

    Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners


    VOLUME 18 ISSUE 4 (2020), Page 442 – 451

    CHALLENGES OF SMART TOURISM IN MALAYSIA ECO-


    TOURISM DESTINATIONS

    Syakir Amir1, Nur’Hidayah Dura2, Muhamad Asrah Yusof3, Hitoshi


    Nakamura4, Rahmat Abu Nong5
    1,2,3
    Department of Urban and Regional Planning
    Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design
    INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
    4
    Department of Planning, Architecture and Environmental Systems
    SHIBAURA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    5
    Department of Digital Forensics
    MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION

    Abstract

    Smartness helps in transferring and sharing information to facilitate tourism


    industry optimizing performance and competitiveness, generating solution for
    asset evaluation and shaping tourism products and services in a real-time. In
    Malaysia, tourism industry is moving forwards to acknowledge smart tourism
    concept as Malaysia Smart Tourism 4.0 initiatives is launched recently.
    Therefore, this study aims to identify challenges of smart tourism application in
    Malaysia. 400 respondents among domestic and international tourists were
    recruited for the study, using questionnaire survey in two eco-tourism destination,
    Pulau Langkawi and Cameron Highland. Chi-square test was used to assess the
    challenges. Awareness, security and privacy, and implementation mechanism of
    smart tourism are among the highest challenges were observed. This study
    extends for a new establishment of proper and comprehensive framework of
    smart tourism in Malaysia.

    Keyword: Smart Tourism; Challenges, Domestic and International Tourists

    1
    Senior Lecturer at International Islamic University Malaysia Email: [email protected]
    PLANNING MALAYSIA
    Journal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners (2020

    RESEARCH BACKGROUND
    In recent years, the word ‘smart’ has become a new buzzword in reflecting
    technologies in social (Deepti & Tooran, 2020) and economic developments
    (Caragliu et al., 2011), as well as exchanging knowledge and information
    (Vanolo, 2013; Vasavada & Padhiyar, 2016). The emergence of smart devices is
    highly favourable as it connects infrastructures with network available. This idea
    is conceptualised by Harrison et al. (2010), where smart was exploiting functional
    real-world data and near-real time to improve functional commitments through
    adopting analytical modelling, visualization and optimization. As cities become
    increasingly competitive, the smart technologies have leading and connecting
    everything together, including activities and services to be more connected, better
    informed and engaged with consumers (Bakici et al., 2013; Buhalis &
    Amaranggana, 2013; Lee et al., 2014), practically for tourism industries as a
    whole. On that count, tourism become more accessible and enjoyable for all while
    having interconnect services and better coordination provided by local
    organizations. However, Malaysia showing fewer studies on application of smart
    tourism as it still at early stage which tourism destinations are still looking for
    their own rhythm to survive. there are several issues have arisen for more further
    consideration, which are no specific framework, numeral global scale crises
    inclining negative impacts towards tourist arrivals and environment, as well as
    poor digitalisation urged drop-off tourist experiences and tourism development
    in Malaysia. As moving forward to application of smart tourism, Tourism
    Malaysia has launched Malaysia Smart Tourism 4.0 in boosting the usage trend
    of digital technology that giving impact towards travel demand and tourism-
    related businesses, specifically among the tourists. This study aims to analyze the
    interrelationship of smart tourism challenges among domestic and international
    tourists.

    TOURISM
    The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) gives specific
    definition of tourism as “the activities of a person travelling to and staying in
    place outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
    leisure and not less than 24 hours for business and other purposes” (UNWTO
    Technical Manual, 1995, p.10). To simplify, tourism is a physical travel
    movement for many purposes such as leisure and practice the theory of business
    if attracting, accommodating, operating tours and entertaining tourists. It can be
    inbound tourism and outbound tourism, which involving inbound tourists and
    outbound tourists. Significantly, tourism contributes to economy (World Tourism
    Organization, 1980), which impacted directly and indirectly (Lee & Chang, 2008)
    which become an important economic generator for many regions and even for
    the entire countries around the globe. As for Malaysia, tourism industry has
    experienced rapid growth towards governmental endeavours and intensive

    443 © 2020 by MIP

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