Ijtsrd 50253

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 4, May-June 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
Design and Implementation of a 30KVA

Hybrid Inverter (Solar and Utility Supply)
Makinde Kayode & Ibrahim Abubakar
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Makinde

The greatest desire of mankind is to have reliable and sustainable Kayode | Ibrahim Abubakar "Design and
electricity. Over the years, conventional, non-renewable energy Implementation of a 30KVA Hybrid
resources (e.g. coal, oil, fuel wood etc) had been harnessed to Inverter (Solar and Utility Supply)"
generate electricity. However, these resources are depleting with Published in
International Journal
constant usage. This had initiated a switch in attention to renewable of Trend in
energy sources like wind, solar, tidal energy etc. This paper therefore, Scientific Research
demonstrates the design and implementation of a 30KVA hybrid and Development
inverter using solar panels and utility supply as means of charging so (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
as to generate reliable and sustainable electricity. To achieve this, 6470, Volume-6 | IJTSRD50253
hybrid inverter with solar charging system that consists of an inverter Issue-4, June 2022,
powered by a 192VDC battery was used. The solar panel converts pp.1772-1777, URL:
solar energy to electric energy and charge up the batteries during the www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50253.pdf
day with the help of MPPT charge controller, the charge controller
was able to accommodate 200VDC from the solar panel and deliver Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
an output voltage 192DCV while converting the excess voltage to
Scientific Research and Development
current at 192V/100A to the battery. During the test of the solar Journal. This is an
panels, the results obtained showed that the solar panels were more Open Access article
than sufficient to charge the 3200AH batteries that were connected in distributed under the
series and parallel arrangement and it provided a 24 hours terms of the Creative Commons
uninterruptible power supply. With poor weather (low sun intensity) Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
or at night or when there is grid availability, the hybrid inverter self- (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
charge the batteries. The system operate at minimum running cost,
pollution free environment, noiseless, reliable and provide the
convenient of a twenty-four hour power supply. With this system,
energy efficiency was achieved.
KEYWORDS: Hybrid power supply, Power reliability, Solar Polar,
Inverter, MPPT charge Controller
INTRODUCTION
Power supply from the national grid is inefficient and wood, paraffin, and diesel generators, which pollute
unreliable, hence the need to provide alternative the environment and cause harm to man and plants
source of power. Electrical power supply from [1]. Two methods of energy generation will be
renewable sources is advantageous as the increasing discussed here, the conventional (hydro for instance
electrical demand is a scientific contribution to the which falls under utility supply) and the non-
peak demand on the grid. As individuals and conventional (solar energy). Constant supply and
companies generate their power through renewable availability of electricity is unarguably an important
energy, the stress on the grid is reduced. However, need that must be filled to make day to day living
there is an ongoing interest in the possibility of more comfortable and enjoyable. Thus, provision of
making wider use of renewable energy, particularly in constant electricity is a goal to which several
homes, offices and industries, for the purpose of countries of the world press forward [2]. Using
lighting, heating and powering of appliances. In most conventional electricity generation techniques, such
rural and sub-urban regions in Nigeria, inhabitants do as burning fossil fuel is no longer solution to this
not have access to electricity supply. Where the crux. More over burning the fossil fuel will result
electrical energy is available, it is not reliable; hence environmental problems. The emission of carbon
inhabitants resort to other forms of energy such as dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gasses will
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50253 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2022 Page 1772
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
result in global warming. He discovered that most of studies. It is a review paper, nothing was
the researchers have focused their concentration on implemented. All works reviewed were bridged and
renewable energy and actively looking for cost implemented [4]. Similarly another research was done
effective solution of this crux [3]. on a designed of small scale off-grid solar energy
plant. It was used for battery storage plant in an
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work Design and Implementation of a isolated hut house on an island located 25 km away
30KVA Hybrid Inverter using utility supply and solar from the city. This was done in order to identify the
as means of charging the batteries The following are power demands of the location and select the most
the objectives of this design; appropriate hardware such as solar panels, batteries,
To design and implement a solar-hydro hybrid charge controller, inverter and size of cable needed
power system for an installation. However, the designer did not
make provision for service box (disconnect switches)
To use the complete system domestically to between panels and charge controller and AC output,
provide sustainable electricity irrespective of in case a part needed to be isolated for repairs. In the
changes in weather conditions. design and implementation provision was not only
To ensure that the system is available for use made for service box, rather service box and
throughout the day. combiner box was incorporated [5]. And another
author worked on design of a 3kva hybrid power
SCOPE OF THE DESIGN supply system. The design was made for 18-unit
As stated earlier, this work involves the design of a computer laboratory to carry out experiment. The
hybrid power system that is made up of utility supply designer used a 560W-24V solar panel and a PWM
(hydro) and solar power. This implies that the design charge controller for the hybrid system. This
will initially be divided into two parts; the design and configuration is not a match to the load in question
implementation of a functional solar generator to and it cannot charge the batteries sufficiently in a day.
produce DC energy for charging of the battery in the Similarly the type of controller used cannot convert
day or when there is outage of utility supply while the excess voltage to current. All of these were taken care
second part involves the installation of a delay circuit of in the new design [6].
between the inverter and the utility supply system for
the purpose of charging the battery at low weather or METHODOLOGY
at night without damaging the inverter due to surge DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
that is usually experienced by utility companies of Methodology
Nigeria. A charge controller is also included in the The solar system can be designed for hybrid system
hybrid systems. This circuit receives direct current in which the load is supplied by the solar PV system
(DC) outputs of solar and outputs a DC voltage that is which is intermittent in rainy seasons. So other way is
just suitable to charge the battery and this controller is the independent system (utility grid) in which load
also controls the charging process of the battery by can be supplied from both solar system and also from
supplying just the right amount of voltage needed to other alternative supplies which increases the
prevent over-charging. Furthermore, an inverter is reliability of supply also reduces the losses that
also included in the system; it converts the DC incurred due to stand alone system. This aspect
voltage of the battery to alternating current (AC). presents the techniques used in this design. It
Thus, AC loads e.g. LED bulbs, air-conditioner, describes the procedures for carrying out the work.
ceiling fans or pumping machine can be powered The step by step approach ranging from survey down
through the output of the inverter. Some researchers to testing and implementation of the complete it also
carried out a comprehensive review of life cycle covers the major components that are used in the
assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) circuit design, the block diagram of the design, and
implication on residential buildings. It critically the schematic diagram of the design, the design
illustrates the existing LCA and LCC studies on calculations and considerations. The block diagram of
residential house designs to determine the causes for the proposed hybrid inverter system for the residential
the widely varying results of numerous previous building is shown in figure 1
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Hybrid Inverter

A. Load Estimation
Table1: Total Load Demand
Actual Total Operating
Appliance Watts-
S/N Appliances Quantity load in load in time
categories Hour/Day
Watts Watts (Hours/Day)
1 LED Lights Night Use 300 12 3600 13 46800
2 High Flux LED Night Use 150 18 2700 13 32400
3 Cell Phone Charger 24 Hours 4 5 20 24 480
4 TV Sets 12 Hours 5 250 1250 12 15000
5 Air-conditioned 14 Hours 5 2984 14920 14 208880
6 Solar Charge Controller 24 Hours 1 10 10 24 240
7 Inverter 24 Hours 1 100 100 24 2400
Total Load (Watts) 22595
Total Watt-Hour Per Day 306200
From table 1 total connected load in watts is 22595W and total watt-hour load per day is 306200Wh/day
For total load of 22595watts, size of inverter would be (22595/0.8) = 28243.75VA, where 0.8 is the power
factor. The nearest inverter size to this would be a 30KVA inverter.
B. Estimation of number of PV panels
To calculate the Wattage of the Solar Panels, the method adopted by was used.
Where,
Ed = is the daily energy consumption of the residential building (kwh/day)
ƞCR = Charge regulator efficiency = 95%
PSH = Average annual peak sunshine hours (PSH) is obtained as 6.2kwh/m3
ɲinv= 90%
From equation 1, PPV = 57762.6 Wp
A PV generator with a peak power of 60320Wp will be selected to secure for continuous power availability
during grid outage hours and to compensate for cloudy days and all system electrical losses. In addition,
increasing the PV peak power will secure for maintaining an appropriate level of state of charge of the battery
block. A monocrystalline PV module with 144 cells connected in series and a peak power of 520Wp will be
used. In this case, 29 parallel strings, each consists of 4 PV modules connected in series, will constitute the PV
generator which has a nominal DC voltage of 192V as shown in Figure 2. This voltage is selected to match with
the nominal voltage of the storage battery block.
Figure 2: The PV generator rated at 60320Wp /192V

C. Estimation of battery bank
In selecting battery bank within the time frame per day, the formula in equation 2 was used
Where
Q = Battery capacity, AH
E = Daily energy required, Wh
V = System DC voltage, V
A = Number of days of storage required or Days of autonomy (two days is chosen)
T = Depth of discharge = ( usually between 20% to 80%, 80% is chosen)
ƞinv= Inverter efficiency = 90% (1.0 if there is no inverter)
ƞcable= Cable efficiency delivering the power from battery to the loads (here it is taken as 95%)
From equation 2, Q = 4664AH
In order to increase the battery storage safety factor and to respect the industry produced norm values, a lead acid
block battery cell rated at 6400AH/192V will be selected to constitute the storage system which consists of 2
parallel strings, each consists of 16 cells connected in series to present a DC power source.
D. Cable Selection
When the size and type of cable are well selected, this improves reliability and performance of PV system. That
is why cable sizing is a very important step. In this system we used copper wire.
The cables cross sectional area are determined by the following equation:
Where CT = Cable thickness
L = length of run of cable, 10m
I= system current = 28243.75VA/192 = 147A
V= system voltage, 192V
The cable size or thickness is calculated from equation 1 as, CT = 9.2 mm2, 10mm2 will be appropriate.
E. Selection of Charge Controller
To Calculate PV Array Current (Minimum Controller Input Current) PV Array Current = ISC x PVP x Safety
Factor (4) ISC = Module short circuit current = 13.58 amps.
PVP = PV modules in parallel = 2 no. Safety Factor = 1.25
PV Array Current = 13.58 x 2 x 1.25 = 33.95A Therefore, a 192V/60A charge controller was selected.
RESULTS
The design of 30KVA Hybrid inverter system was carried out in this paper. The design specifications of various
components is tabulated as shown in table 2.
Table 2 System components and their specifications
Components Specifications
Inverter 30KVA/192V
Battery 200AH/12V x 32
Solar panel 520Wp/60V x 116
Cable size 10mm2
Charge controller 192V/60A
This system is designed by keeping in view of monthly electrical load. Moreover, the design specification of
solar system components is determined by performing calculations manually
CONCLUSION
The hybrid solar system design of solar has been done utilizing both solar power and grid supply in line with
Nigerian networks. The use MPPT charge controller which is a dc-dc (buck-boost) converter has increased the
efficiency of the system and it gives the constant voltage and power to the system. Battery voltage has been kept
at 192V for the operation of the system. The supply output was almost constant and the efficiency was kept at
90%. It can be inferred from the above, that hybrid solar system is much suited for those areas where both grid
supply and solar irradiation is available.
Plate 3: Solar Installation Final
Plate 4: Battery arrangements

REFERENCES Laboratory. Project report carried out in
[1] Ekpenyong, E. E, Bam, M. E and Anyasi, F. I Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University,
(2012). Design Analysis of a 1. 5kva Hybrid Department Of Electrical/Electronic
Power Supply for Power Reliability. Published Engineering.
by IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) ISSN: 2278- [7] Moien A. O. and Marwan M. M. (2019).
1676Volume 3, Issue 3 (Nov. - Dce. 2012), PP Design and Simulation of a PV System
08-19 www.iosrjournals.org Operating in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone
Modes for Areas of Daily Grid Blackouts. An-
[2] Olasunkanmi I. (2017). Design and Najah National University, Electrical Eng.
Implementation of a Hybrid (Solar-Wind) Department, Nablus, P. O. Box: 7, West Bank,
Power System State of Palestine. International Journal of
[3] Niaz M. H., Ifthekhar A., Sayem M., Asad A Photoenergy
M., and Hasan A. (2017). Design And [8] Bhatia A. (2022). Design and Sizing of Solar
Implementation Of Cost Effective Inverter Photovoltaic Systems. Continuing Education
[4] Hamidul I., Margaret J., and Sujeeva S. (2015). and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court
Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677. Available at:
implication of residential buildings—A review. [email protected]
Published: Elsevier [9] Michael B. (2012). Solar Electricity Handbook:
[5] Marias G. G. (2020). Design of A Small Scale A simple practical guide to solar energy-
Off-Grid Solar Energy Plant. Available at designing and installing photovoltaic solar
NOVIA University of applied sciences electric systems: Published by Greenstream
YRKESHOGSKOLAN Publishing, Sixth Edition
[6] Ogbekwe T. C. (2010). 3kva Hybrid Power
Supply System for 18-Unit Computer

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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Design and Implementation of a 30KVA

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Makinde

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Hybrid Inverter

Figure 2: The PV generator rated at 60320Wp /192V

Plate 3: Solar Installation Final

Plate 4: Battery arrangements

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