2020

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IKRAM ROAD SCANNER (IRS) MEASUREMENT

IKRAM PAVES SDN BHD | Block 8, Unipark Suria Jalan Ikram – Uniten 43000 Kajang, Selangor | Tel: (603) 8738 3302
 IKRAM ROAD SCANNER (IRS) MEASUREMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….2

2.0 Method of Measurement………………………………………………………….2

3.0 Calibration Specification ...………….…………………………………………...5
4.0 Site Preparation…………………………………………………………………...7
5.0 Procedure...………………………………………….…………………………….7
5.1 Site Survey…………………………………………………………………………8
5.2 Pavement Durability Performance Measures (PDPM)…………………………9
5.3 Data Processing……………………………………………………………………10
6.0 Data Format for (MLP), Geometric & (LCMS)………………………………... 11

List of Figure
Figure 1: Ikram Road Scanner (IRS)
Figure 2: Road Profile Measurement
Figure 3: Data flow into and out of the Processing Toolkit / Data Viewer

List of Table
Table 1: Calibration Requirements for Multi Laser Profiler
Table 2: MHA Advisory Pavement Durability Performance Measures for Roughness, Rutting,
Texture Depth, Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
Table 3: MHA Advisory Condition Criteria
Table 4: Report Format for MLP
Table 5: Report Format for Geometric
Table 6: Report Format for LCMS / Video

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
IKRAM Road Scanner (IRS) packages are installed on a dedicated Network Survey Vehicle,
allowing for safe and efficient data collection of multiple network parameters. Once requirements
are established, simply customize the IRS packages to meet client needs. Should the requirements
grow in the future, you can simply upgrade existing Hawkeye by adding new modules. With new
technologies being integrated frequently, ARRB will always have the solution to meet road
network data requirements.

2.0 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

The Ikram Road Scanner (IRS) is one of the latest versions of the network survey vehicles
developed by ARRB Transport Research utilizing advance technologies. This vehicle was
designed not limit to capture pavement condition data in-term of International Roughness Index,
surface texture and rutting but is will included to collect the mapping information and roadside
asset details whilst travelling at highway speed.
This fully-featured vehicle contains a compact workstation capable of capturing and storing
individual data elements for roughness, rutting, texture and surface condition, as well as
providing high-detail video images of road and roadside assets.

Figure 1: Ikram Road Scanner (IRS)

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The IRS is made of seven (7) packages which are the Profiler Package, Gipsitrac Geometry
Package, GPS Package, Video Package, Distance Package, Transverse Profile & Rutting
Package and Laser Crack Measurement System Package.

The Profiler Package is a digital, road profiling package that uses laser sensors to accurately
record the profile of the road surface such as longitudinal surface profile, road roughness and
surface texture. This capability put the IRS survey into Class I profile techniques - the same class
as the rod-and-level survey, the TRL beam, the dipstick and the walking profiler.

To measure the longitudinal surface profile, the Profiler Package measured and recorded the
vertical distance between the Profiler Package and the pavement surface, the vertical acceleration
of the profiler beam, time and distance at which the parameters were recorded. International
Roughness Index (IRI) is calculated based on the longitudinal surface shape using a computer-
based model of a quarter car suspension whose response is accumulated to yield a roughness
index with units of slope (in/mi, m/km, etc.).

Figure 2: Road Profile Measurement

The accelerometer are mounted on the sprung and unspring masses on the suspension system of
a survey vehicle. A transducer converts the strain of accelerometers into the electrical signal, and
then the information of road evenness is displayed on a PC screen in real-time, as shown in
Figure 2.

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Longitudinal Profiles
a) The Multi Laser Profiler is used for the recording the longitudinal profiles along the entire
length of the network.
b) Continuous longitudinal profiles will be recorded for both left and right wheel paths on a
¼ car model IRI of all lanes.
c) Surface data that is obtained by this method is reported as International Roughness Index
(IRI).
d) The IRI is an index defined by applying the algorithm to a measured longitudinal road
profile. IRI used to measure pavement smoothness. The lower the calculated IRI, the
smoother the pavement will ride. The higher the IRI, the rougher the pavement will ride.
The units of IRI are usually in/mile, m/km, or mm/m.

Transverse Profiles
a) The Multi Laser Profiler used for the recording of transverse profiles.
b) The average rut depth and standard deviation values for every cell of each section will be
recorded.
c) The average rut depth the left and right wheel paths of all lanes for each section will be
recorded.

Texture Depth Measurements

a) Continuous texture measurements are to be taken on sections in the left wheel path.

b) Calibration of the Texture Depth measurement device shall be in accordance with the
specification.

Laser Crack Mapping Survey (LCMS) / Video Survey

a) Total % Area Cracked – This consists of sum of % Area of Fine Crack (<3mm) and %
Area of Wide Crack (>= 3mm).
b) Total % Area Ravelling – as a percentage of the 100m lane cells.
c) Edge Break – Expressed as a percentage of the 100m length of each cell of which the
edge break occurs.

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3.0 CALIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS

The selection of trial sections for calibration will be undertaken over three (3) sites with
previous years IRI condition categories of ‘Good’, ‘Fair’ and ‘Poor’. Each site must be of
minimum 500m of calibration section on Slow Lane. The Contractor shall determine the
locations for calibrations and to be approved by Consultant/Client. The calibration exercises
will be consist of the followings:

a) IRI with a Class 1 Device

IRI values averaged over 100m sections will be collected by a Class 1 ARRB TR Walking
Profiler or using a Face Dipstick®. This shall be carried out for both left and right wheel
path for the whole length of 500m calibration section. Before commencement of this
survey, the left wheel path (0.7m from edge line) and right wheel path (2.2m from edge
line) shall be clearly marked.

b) Rut with a Straight Edge

Rut values taken at intervals of 2m or as appropriate and averaged along the whole stretch
of the 500m calibration section shall be determined with the use of a 2m length straight
edge. The value of rut across the 2m straight edge shall be recorded for both the left wheel
path and right wheel path of the test vehicle.

c) Texture Depth with Class 1 Device

Macro texture values averaged over 50m sections along the whole stretch of the 500m
calibration section shall be determined using a TRL Mini-Texture Meter or Dynatest
Texture Verification Disc or equivalent Class 1 device. This is to be collected for the right
and left wheel paths.

d) IRI, Rut and Texture Depth with High Speed Laser Profilometer

A Multi Laser Profiler mounted on a test vehicle with an automated distance counter will
be used for the collection of IRI, Rut and Texture Depth values.

• The automated distance measuring device mounted on test vehicle shall be calibrated
using a manual distance wheel meter.

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• Averaged IRI and Rut value shall be collected over 500m sections for left and right
wheel paths.

• Averaged Texture Depth values shall be collected over 500m sections on the right and
left wheel paths.

• The trial run over the 500m section shall be repeated over driving speeds of 30kph,
60kph and 90kph with at least 5 runs for each speed.

• The transverse profile analysis software shall be set to the calculation of rut over a
simulated 2m length straight edge on both wheel paths of the test vehicle.

• The Contractor shall provide a trained test vehicle driver to ensure that the centre of the
vehicle is aligned with the centre line of the tested lanes and to be able to drive at the
specified constant speed.

• The measuring vehicle shall attain measurement speed before entering the calibration
section.

• The Contractor shall report to Consultant/Client the method used in deriving the IRI
values, including the use of which laser points for calculation.

e) Verification and Repeatability

Based on values collected from Class 1 devices and high speed Multi Laser Profiler
travelling at test speeds as specified above, the Contractor shall prepare a verification report
to demonstrate that the profiler used for the calibration has achieved the following
recommended requirements at each of the 3 sites as per Guidelines for Road Condition
Monitoring (AP-G65.1/01) Austroads.

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Table 1: Calibration Requirements for Multi Laser Profiler

Verification Repeatability

Parameters (correlation with Class 1 device) (between runs)

R2 Slope Intercept Standard Deviation

Roughness, IRI ≥0.975 0.95 – 1.05 ±0.25 m/km 5% of mean

Average Max. Rut ≥0.80 0.90 – 1.10 ±1 mm 5% of mean

Texture Depth ≥0.90 0.95 – 1.05 ±0.05mm 5% of mean

4.0 SITE PREPARATION

a. Identify and mark the beginning and ending points of the lane to be tested.
b. Assure test path is free of standing water and loose debris.
c. Slide or remove the protective cover that is located beneath each sensor to expose the
lasers and, if necessary, clean each laser with clean cloth to remove foreign matter.

Notes: The Contractor shall ensure that the test vehicle is properly marked and clearly visible to ensure the safety
of the survey operators and road users.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Site Survey

a. Input the following info into the computer: operator’s name, project name, filename
and the direction of travel.
b. A lead-in and lead-out of a minimum of 50 meter is required at the beginning and end
of all test sections.
c. There is a minimum speed as well as a maximum speed within which valid profile data
can be collected. The operating speed range is between 30km/h to 110 km/h.
d. After completing survey, copy survey data from the hard disks in the Acquisition
computer onto a removable storage for transfer to office PCs for processing and
archiving.
e. Record project information manually or electronically, including data files names.
f. Finally, mark and store data storage media with great care.

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5.2 Pavement Durability Performance Measures (PDPM)

The performance of the Expressway network was analyzed based on the MHA Advisory
Pavement Durability Performance Measures (PDPM) as stated in Table 2.

Table 2: MHA Advisory Pavement Durability Performance Measures for Roughness, Rutting,
Texture Depth, Pavement Condition Index (PCI)

PDPM 1 Roughness (International Roughness Index, IRI)

PDPM 1a 80% of the network have IRI < 2.8m/km.

PDPM 1b 85% of the network have IRI < 3.8 m/km.

PDPM 2 Rutting

PDPM 2a 90% of the networks length to be < 20mm.

PDPM 2b 100% of the networks lengths to be < 40mm

PDPM 3 Texture Depth

90% of the network to be > 0.3mm.

PDPM 4 Pavement Condition Index, PCI

90% of the network lengths to have PCI < 2.5

The pavement functional condition was analyzed based on the condition criteria stated in
Error! Reference source not found..

Table 3: MHA Advisory Condition Criteria

Parameter / Roughness Mean Rut Texture Depth Pavement Crack
Condition Criteria (IRI) Depth (mm) (mm) Condition Index (PCI) (% Area)
Good < 2.0 < 5.0 > 0.5 < 1.5 < 5.0
Fair 2.0 - 3.0 5.0 - 10.0 0.3 - 0.5 1.5 - 2.5 5.0 - 10.0
Poor 3.0 - 3.8 10.0 - 20.0 < 0.3 ≥ 2.5 10.0 - 25.0
Bad ≥ 3.8 ≥ 20.0 N/A N/A ≥ 25.0

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5.3 Data Processing

A survey collectively refers to the data acquired using a survey vehicle in a single run, that is,
from the point when data acquisition starts to the point when acquisition ends. The type of data
that can be collected is GPS, video, profilometry (roughness, rutting, texture) and geometry.
Other information can also be entered during a survey, such as survey reference points and
events.

Figure 3: Data flow into and out of the Processing Toolkit / Data Viewer

Data will be processed using Hawkeye software.

a. Import the following data from site survey into the computer.

b. When all data is finished importing, open the survey file.

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c. IRS data will be processed at 10 m intervals.

d. Completed IRS data will be extracted into the format (.csv)

e. Then, the formatted data (.csv) will be moved into excel.

f. Data obtained from Hawkeye software will be presented in 100m interval (default).
This interval can be changed upon client request to suit authorities’ requirements.
g. Lastly, the condition criteria of classification depends on the management objectives
and road category.

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6.0 Data Format for (MLP), Geometric & (LCMS)

The MLP, Geometric & LCMS data submitted in the format described in Table 4 to Table 6.
Meanwhile, example of MLP, Geometric & LCMS results were shown in Figure 3 to
Figure 5.

Table 4: Report Format for MLP

Data Fields Type Description
State Text State Name
District Text District Name
Road Text Road No.
Direction Text Direction of travel (Increasing/Decreasing Chainage)
Km From Float Start Kilometre
Km To Float End Kilometre
Length Float Length in meters
Lane Text Fast, Middle, Slow
Road Section No From Text Base on markings on the Kilometer post*
Base on markings on the Kilometer post* - Put same
Road Section No To Text value as Road Section No From if inventory lies
within same section
Pavement Type Text Bituminous / Concrete / Bridge Section
IRI (Right) Float Roughness (Right) of lane (m/km)
IRI (Left) Float Roughness (Left) of lane (m/km)
IRI (Ave) Float Roughness (Average) of lane (m/km)
IRI (Std Deviation) Float Roughness Standard Deviation
RUT (Right) Float Rut Depth (Right) of lane (mm)
RUT (Left) Float Rut Depth (Left) of lane (mm)
RUT (Ave) Float Rut Depth (Average) of lane (mm)
RUT (Std Deviation) Float Rutting Standard Deviation
SMTD (Right) Float Surface Texture(Right) of lane (mm)
SMTD (Left) Float Surface Texture(Left) of lane (mm)
SMTD (Ave) Float Surface Texture (Ave) of lane (mm)
SMTD (Std Deviation) Float Surface Texture Standard Deviation
Remarks Text Remarks

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Table 5: Report Format for Geometric
Data Fields Type Description
State Text State Name
District Text District Name
Road Text Road No.
Road Section No From Text Base on markings on the Kilometer post*
Base on markings on the Kilometer post* - Put same
Road Section No To Text value as Road Section No From if inventory lies within
same section
Direction Text Direction of travel (Increasing/Decreasing Chainage)
Km From Float Start Kilometre
Km To Float End Kilometre
Lane No Test Fast, Middle, Slow
Length Float Length in meters
Pavement Type Text Bituminous / Concrete / Bridge Section
Altitude (ave) Integer Average Altitude (m)
Latitude (ave) Float Average Latitude (deg)
Longitude (ave) Float Average Longitude (deg)
Rise & Fall (ave) Float Average rate of Rise & Fall (m/km)
Rise & Fall Integer The sum of the number of rises and the number of falls
Crossfall (ave) Float Average crossfall or superelevation of the pavement (%)
Curvature (ave) Integer Average Curvature (deg/km)
Gradient Float Gradient
Speed Float Average Speed of travel of test vehicle (kph)
Remarks Text Remarks

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Table 6: Report Format for LCMS / Video
Data Fields Type Description
State Text State Name
District Text District Name
Road Text Road No.
Road Section No From Text Base on markings on the Kilometer post*
Base on markings on the Kilometer post* - Put
Road Section No To Text same value as Road Section No From if inventory
lies within same section
Direction Text Direction of travel (Increasing/Decreasing
Chainage)
Lane Test Fast, Middle, Slow
Km From Float Start Kilometre
Km To Float End Kilometre
Length Float Length in meters
Wide Crack Float % Crack area of which crack width >= 3mm
Fine Crack Float % Crack area of which crack width < 3mm
All Crack Float Sum of Wide Crack and Fine Crack
Pot Hole No. Integer No of pot holes within the test cell, scale up value to
no. of pot holes in 1 KM (to nearest whole no.)
Ravelling Float % Area of which ravelling is observed.
Edge Break Float % Length of pavement edge of which breaking
occurs.

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