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Chemistry 10: Acid-Base Neutralization
Purpose: Determine patterns in the volume of base needed to neutralize the same volume of different acids.
Materials: Sample of Acid #1: 0.1M HCl Sample of Acid #2: 0.1M H2SO4 Sample of Base used to neutralize the acid: 0.1M NaOH Phenolphthalein indicator 1 eyedropper small beaker Test tube, stopper, and rack
Safety note: Wear googles, and do not allow any of the chemicals to touch your skin.
Procedure:
1. Obtain a sample of roughly 25 mL of 0.1M NaOH in a 100 mL beaker.
2. Measure exactly 2 mL of one acid into a test tube. Be exact! Place the test tube in the rack at your bench. 3. Add 1 drop of phenolphthalein to the test tube containing the acid. 4. Use the eyedropper to add two drops of NaOH to the acid. Put in the stopper and swirl the contents. 5. Repeat step 4 until you see a definitive colour change (aka – stays that way, doesn’t change back to clear when swirled). Keep a tally on a piece of paper of how many drops of NaOH you’ve added and determine the total number needed to produce the colour change. 6. Clean and rinse the test tube. 7. Repeat steps 2-5 with the other acid. 8. Clean, rinse, and return all materials. 9. Add the number of drops for each acid sample to the class spreadsheet of data (link on Canvas).
Continue with the Analysis and Evaluation sections posted in the handout on Canvas. Analysis:
1. Write the balanced reaction for each of the neutralizations we observed.
2. Make a bar graph that displays the average volume of each chemical used in each reaction (Note: There are 30 drops in 1 mL). Your graph should include 2 pairs of bars to reflect the volumes of acids and bases in each of the reactions we observed. Include a title and label the axes of the graph.
3. What pattern(s) do you observe when comparing the neutralization of the two acids? Why is it that one of the acids required more base to neutralize it? Explain with reference to your answer to Q1, your understanding of the ions present in acids and bases, and the products formed by neutralization.
4. If you replaced NaOH with Ba(OH)2 predict how would your results for each acid would change. Justify your prediction.
5. Why would scientists who are interested in responding to toxic spills of acids and bases in the environment (e.g. in lakes) be interested in the results of this experiment? What might be some of the implications of dealing with spills this way?
Evaluation:
1. Explain sources of variation within the class data table by evaluating the procedure of this experiment. What are the possible causes or sources of error or uncertainty? (be specific – Ms. Holmen will haunt you if you say “human error.”) What effect will they have on the data? (be specific and quantitative – it’s not enough to say the data “will be” affected).
2. How could you improve this experiment to ensure better quality of data?
3. How could you change or extend this experiment to learn more about neutralization reactions?
Copy and paste (not screenshot – they’re not always clear) into a Word or Google Doc, and answer the questions below it. Use subscripts or the equation editor for formatting chemical equations. Submit to Canvas as one file. Task-specific description Innovating, Connecting Understanding Comprehending Progressing Up to 10 / 10 8.8 / 10 8.2 / 10 7.4 / 10 Constructing graphs in order Student demonstrates Student explains cause-and-effect relationships in data Student demonstrates Student demonstrates to analyze patterns and evidence of exceeding by describing relationships between variables or factors. evidence of working to evidence of exploring trends in data for the expectations. meet expectations. the skill. purposes of explaining Explains trends in scientific language with supporting SKILLS with data from experiment. cause-and-effect Processing relationships supported by Comes to a relevant conclusion supported by data. + evidence. Analyzing Limitations given with explanation, some discussion as Communicating ideas using to their effect on the results. Clear, achievable scientific vocabulary to build improvements suggested based on data collection and evidence-based arguments. methods
CHEM B Apply concepts of acid-base Outlines the processes involved in acid-base chemistry. chemistry such as naming, Chemical neutralization reactions, and Reactions the pH scale.
