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Sprint (9th Class)

Work and Energy Practice Sheet

SECTION – A SECTION – B
Multiple Choice Questions (1 Marks each) Short Answer Questions (2 mark each)
1. Which of the following quantities is a scalar? 6. Define work in the context of physics.
(A) Force
(B) Work 7. Differentiate between kinetic energy and potential
(C) Velocity energy.
(D) Acceleration
8. Define the term ‘power’ in the context of physics.
2. If an object is lifted upwards, the work done is
negative. What does this indicate? 9. Explain the principle of conservation of energy.
(A) The object is at rest.
(B) The object is moving with a constant 10. What is the relationship between work and energy?
velocity.
(C) The object is accelerating upwards. 11. How does the gravitational potential energy of an
object change as it is lifted higher above the ground?
(D) The object is displaced upwards against the
force of gravity.
SECTION - C
Long Answer Question (3 Marks each)
3. Which of the following statements is true about
12. Explain the concept of work done using the formula
kinetic energy? W = F.d.cosθ. How does the angle between force
(A) It depends on an object's mass and velocity. and displacement affect the work done?
(B) It depends only on an object's mass.
(C) It depends only on an object's velocity. 13. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Provide
(D) It is independent of both mass and velocity. examples to illustrate the principle.

4. If the net work done on an object is zero, what 14. Explain the concept of power in the context of work
can be concluded about its kinetic energy? and energy. How is it different from energy?
Provide an example to illustrate the calculation of
(A) It is increasing. power.
(B) It is decreasing.
(C) It is constant. SECTION - D
(D) It is zero. Case-Based Questions (5 marks)
15. A student is lifting a book of mass 2 kg from the
5. Which form of energy is associated with the ground to a height of 1.5 meters. Calculate the work
position of an object relative to a reference done by the student in lifting the book and also
point? determine the potential energy gained by the book at
that height. Given that the acceleration due to
(A) Kinetic energy
gravity, g is 9.8 m/s2.
(B) Potential energy
(C) Mechanical energy
(D) Thermal energy
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SECTION – E
Assertion and Reasoning (2 marks)
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of
assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as:
15. Assertion (A): When a force is applied to an object,
work is done on the object only if it displaces in the
direction of the force.
Reason (R) : Work done is the product of force and
displacement in the direction of the force.
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
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Answer Key
1. (B) 9. (Hints & solution)
2. (D) 10. (Hints & solution)
3. (A) 11 (Hints & solution)
4. (C) 12. (Hints & solution)
5. (B) 13 (Hints & solution)
6. (Hints & solution) 14. (Hints & solution)
7. (Hints & solution) 15. (Hints & solution)
8. (Hints & solution) 16. (A)
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Hints & Solutions

1. (B) 11 The gravitational potential energy of an object
Work increases as it is lifted higher above the ground. This
change is given by the formula
Potential Energy = mass × gravity × height.
2. (D)
The object is displaced upwards against the force of 12. Word done is defined as the product of force and
gravity. displacement in the direction of the force applied.
Mathematically, it is expressed as W = F.d.cosθ,
3. (A) where:
It depends on an object's mass and velocity. • W is the work done,
• F is the magnitude of the force applied,
• d is the displacement, and
4. (C) • θ is the angle between the force and displacement
It is constant. vectors.
The formula includes the cosine of the angle θ to
5. (B) account for the fact that work is only done in the
Potential energy direction of the applied force. When θ = 0°, i.e., the
force the displacement rate in the same direction, the
cosine is 1, and done is maximum.
6. Work in physics is defined as the product of force When θ = 90°, i.e., the force is applied
and displacement in the direction of the force. perpendicular to the displacement, the cosine is 0,
Mathematically, it is expressed as Work = Force × and no work is done. When θ = 180°, i.e., the force
Displacement × cos(θ), where θ is the angle between is applied in the opposite direction to displacement,
the force and displacement vectors. the cosine is –1, and work done is negative.
Therefore, the angle between force and
7. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the displacement affects the work done by determining
motion of an object, while potential energy is the the effective component of the force in the direction
energy stored in an object due to its position or of displacement.
configuration.
13 The law of conservation of energy states that the
total energy of an isolated system remains constant
8. Power is the rate at which work is done or enegy is if no external forces are acting on it. In other words,
transferred. Mathematically, it is expressed as energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only
Work transformed from one form to another. The various
Power = . forms of energy include kinetic energy, potential
Time
energy, thermal energy, etc.
Examples;
9. The principle of conservation of energy states that
1. Pendulum Swing: Consider a simple
the total energy of an isolated system remains pendulum. As the pendulum swing back and
constant. Energy can neither be created nor forth, its energy transforms between potential
destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted energy at the highest point and kinetic energy
from one from to another. at the lowest point. The sum of potential and
kinetic energy at the lowest point. The sum of
10. The relationship between work and energy is given potential and kinetic energy remains constant,
by the work-energy theorem, which states that the illustrating the conservation of energy.
work done on object is equal to the change in its 2. Rolling Ball: When a ball rolls down a hill,
kinetic energy. Mathematically. potential energy is converted into kinetic
Work = Change in Kinetic Energy. energy. IF we neglect air resistance and
friction, the total mechanical energy (Sum of
kinetic and potential energy) of the ball
constant as it rolls downhill.
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14. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done 1. Potential Energy (PE)
or the rate at which energy is transferred or PE = m.g.h
transformed. Mathematically, power (P) is given by where
W m = mass of the object,
the formula P = , where W is the work done, and g = acceleration due to gravity
t
t is the time taken. h = hight.
Difference from Energy: Given data:
• Energy (E) is the capacity to do work. It is a m = 2 kg
scalar quantity and is measured in joules. g = 9.8 m/s2
• Power (P) is the rate at which work is done or h = 1.5 m
energy is transferred. It is a scalar quantity and Calculation:
is measured in watts (W) or joules per second 1. Work done (W):
(J/s). W = mg. h.cos(0°)
W = 2 kg.9.8 m/s2. 1.5 m. cos(0°)
15. To calculate the work done and potential energy W = 29.4 Joules
gained, we can use the following formulas: Therefore, the work done by the student in
1. Work Done (W); lifting the book is 29.4 Joules.
W = F.d.cos(θ) 1. Potential Energy (PE):
where PE = m.g.h
F = force applied (equal to the weight of the PE = 2 kg. 9.8 m/s2. 1.5 m
book, mg). PE = 29.4 Joules
d = displacement (height lifted, h) Therefore, the potential energy gained by the
θ = angle between the force and displacement book at the height of 1.5 meters is also 29.4
(in this case, 0° as the force is applied Joules.
vertically). 16. (A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).

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