CHUKA HIGH SCHOOL

FORM TWO DECEMBER HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

NAME _______________________________________CLASS ______ADM.NO_______

1. (a) Give the meaning of isotopes? [1 marks]

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(b) An element X has 3 isotopes with mass number 22, 24 and 25 in the ratio 2:3:1. Calculate its relative
atomic mass. [3 marks]

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2. The following set up was used to investigate some chemical properties of chlorine. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.

(a). Name the colourless gas obtained in the boiling tube after one day.( 1 mark)
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(b). Using equations, explain how the gas X is produced at the end of the experiment. (2 mks)

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(c). Chlorine water was yellow. Which substance is responsible for the yellow colour? (1 mk)

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(d). In presence of light, the chlorine water is decolourised. Explain. (1 mk)

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(e). A pink piece of cloth was dipped in chlorine water at the beginning of the experiment. State and explain
what is observed. (1 mark)

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3. The following diagrams show the structures of two allotropes of carbon. Study them and answer the
questions that follow

a) Name allotrope (1 marks)

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N.................................................................................................
(b) Give one use of N (1 mark)

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(c) Which allotrope conducts electricity? Explain (2 marks)

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4. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element T.

(a) State the type of bonding that exists in T. (1 mark)

(b)
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(c) In which group of the period table does element T belong? Give a reason, (2 marks)

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5. A colourless liquid is suspected to be water. Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to confirm.
(2 marks)

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6. Carbon two oxide is referred as a silent killer, give two physical properties of carbon (II) oxie that
make carbon (II) oxide a silent killer ( 2marks)
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7. Using dots (.) and crosses (X) ,show bonding in the flowing given atomic numbers in bracket. (a).
Magnesium Nitride. (Mg3N2) (Atomic numbers Mg=12 , N= 7) (2 marks)

(b). Hydroxonium ion with 2+.( H4O2+ ) (H=1 , 0 =8) (2 marks)

8. The table below gives some properties of substances I, II, III, and IV. Study it and answer the
questions that follow
Substance Electrical conductivity M.P (0C) B.P (0C)
Solid Molten
I Does not conduct Conducts 801 1420
 II Conducts Conducts 650 1107
III Does not conduct Does not conduct 1700 2200
IV Does not conduct Does not conduct 113 440
(a). State the type of bonding exists in substances I and II. (2 marks)

I………………………………………………… .II………………………………………………………….

(b). Give the type of structure in the following. (2 marks)

IV. …………………………………………………III………………………………………………………..

(c). Give reason why substance I conducts electricity in molten state but not in Solid state.(1mark)

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(9). The diagram below shows the bonding between aluminum chloride and ammonia. Label on the
structure the covalent bond and the coordinate bond. (2 marks)

10. When aluminium chloride is dissolved in water,the resulting solution has a pH of 3. With an aid of a well
balanced equation,explain this observation. ( 2marks)

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11. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow.

Formula of compounds NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl3 S2Cl2

Boiling point ºC 1470 1420 Sublimes at 180ºC 60 75 60
Melting point ºC 800 710 -70 -90 -80

(a). Give two chlorides that are liquid at room temperature. (1 mark)

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(b). State the nature of the chloride of Phosporus. (1 mark)

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12. Starting with Zinc Carbonate, describe how a dry sample of Zinc Chloride can be prepared in the
laboratory. (3 marks)

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13.Define the term Hygroscopy as used in salts. ( 1 mark)

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14. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

Solution N P K L Q
pH 1.0 14.0 6.5 7.0 8.0

(i)
Which of the solutions would be suitable for use in the manufacture of anti-acid tablets?
(1mk)
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(ii) zinc oxide can dissolve in both Solution N and Solution P. Give a reason. (1mks)

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(iii) Select a solution that would give a yellow colour when 3 drops of methyl orange are added. ( 1
mark)

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15. A form two student was asked to prepare a sample of copper (II) sulphate crystals using the
procedure below.
• Measure 100cm3 of 2M sulphuric acid then warm.
• Add excess copper (II) oxide powder.
• Filter the resulting mixture.
• Heat the filtrate and leave it overnight.
a) Why was the acid heated before the start of the reaction? (1mk)

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(b) Why was excess copper(II) oxide used (1 mark)

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(c) State what was observed when copper (II) oxide was added to the warm acid. (1 mk)
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d) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in (c) above (1 mark)

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(e). Give reasons for carrying out the following processes
i. Filtration of the mixture (1 mark)
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ii. Heating the filtrate and leaving it overnight. (1mk)

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(f). Explain how dry crystals of copper (II) Sulphate are finally obtained. (1 mark)
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(g). State the type of reaction that took place between the acid and copper II Oxide.(1 mark)

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16. The flow chart below shows how sodium carbonate is manufactured by the solvay process. Study

Gas P ………………………………………… Gas X……………………………………….

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Solid A ………………………………..…….. Solid B ……………………………………..

Filtrate D ……………………………………. Solid R ……………………………………..

(b). Write two chemical equations for the reactions that occur in chamber I (2 marks)

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(c). Name two gases that are recycled in the above process (2 marks)

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(d). Other than softening hard water give one use of sodium carbonate (1 mark)

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(e). Name the processes taking place in Chamber V. ( 1 mark)

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(f). Give 2 uses of calcium chloride. (1 mark)
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(g). Give two reasons why the scheme is constructed near a river. (2 mks)

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(h). Give reason why potassium carbonate cannot be manufactured using the same scheme. ( 1 mark)
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17. The diagram below shows electrolysis of Molten Lead (II) Iodide. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.

(a). Draw the missing condition on the set up during the Experiment. Give a reason why the condition
necessary. (1 mark)

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(b). Label on the diagram the anode and the Cathode. ( 1 mark)

(c). Write the equation for the reaction in each of the following electrodes. (2 marks)

Electrode S …………………………………………………………….…………………

Electrode D.…………………………………………………………….…………………

(d). State the role of the Ammeter in the set up. ( 1 mark)

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(f). State and explain the observation made in the electrode R. (2 marks)
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18. . During Laboratory preparation of Oxygen gas, Water is added to Solid J.
(a). Write the chemical formula of Solid J. (1 mark)

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(b). Write the Chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. (1 mark)

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19. Write the ionic equation for the reaction between the following solution.(2
marks) I. Lead II Nitrate solution and Zinc Sulphate Solution.
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II. Silver nitate and Potassium Chloride solution.

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20. The diagram below was used to prepare dry carbon (IV) oxide and investigate some of its
properties

(a) Write chemical equations for the reactions that occur in flask A and in the combustion tube (2 marks
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Flask A
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Combustion tube
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(b). Identify the following (2 marks)

Flask A…………………………………………………Reagent B……………………………………………

Substance C ……………………………………… gas D …………………………………………………

(c). With the help of equation ,explain the use of potassium hydroxide in the set up (1mark )
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(d). Why is it not possible to collect pure and dry carbon (II) oxide using both downward delivery or
upward delivery (1mark)
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(d). Give a the most suitable method that can be used to collect dry carbon (II) oxide. (1 mark)

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(e). Both Sulphur (IV) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide are denser than air, but only carbon (IV) oxide is
used in fire extinguishers, Explain (1 mark)

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(f). Carbon IV Oxide was bubbled through Lime water for a long time. State the Observations made
in the following.
i. After bubbling for a short while. (1 mark)

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ii. After bubbling the gas for a long time. (1 mark)

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21. The scheme below was used to obtain some components of air.

(a). Give reason why air is passed through the Cooler at -250C. (1 mark)

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(b). Name process D. (1 mark)

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(d). Give reason why it is possible to separate P , Q and R using process D. (1 mark)

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(e). Give the component of air obtained last from a mixture of P, Q and R during process D. Give a reason
for your answer. (2 marks)

Component …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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(f). Name another substance that can be used in place of sodium Hydroxide. (1 mark)

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22.Write balanced Chemical equation to show the effect of heat on the following. (3 marks)
I. Calcium Carbonate.

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II. Ammonium Nitrate

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III. Potassium Nitrate.

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23. The crystals of Sodium Carbonate were prepared above are left exposed overnight. It is observed that
it turns into a white powder. State the property of Sodium carbonate exhibited.
(1mk)

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24. Sodium carbonate can be produced from trona as double salt. Write the formula of trona. (1 mark)

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25. . Steam was passed over iron wool heated to redness. Write the equation to show the reaction that
would occur. (1 mark)

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26.The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow:

R E X
S

Q Z M T V

a) Identify the element that gains electrons most readily . (1 mark)

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b) Which of the metal is most reactive? (1 mark)

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c) What name is given to the family of elements to which elements X and T belong? (1 mark)

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(d) Compare the atomic radius of Z and M. Give a reason. (2 marks)

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(e) Which of the element in the table does not have the ability to form an ionic or covalent bond? Explain.
( 2 marks)

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(f) Give the formula of the compound formed between R and Z . (1 mark)

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(g) The ionic configuration of element G is 2.8 G forms an ion of the type G3+. Indicate with letter G on the
grid, the position of element G. (1 mark)

27.Carbon II Oxide is prepared in the Laboratory by adding Concentrated Sulphuric VI acid to Solid
Ethanedioic acid.

(a). Write a chemical equation to show the reaction that occurs between ethanedioic acid and Concentrated
sulphuric (VI) acid. (1 mark)

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(b) Name another solid that can be used in place of Ethanedioic acid. (1 mark)

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(c). State the role of Concentrated Sulphuric VI acid in the experiment. (1 mark)

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28. Name the apparatus used to keep deliquescent substances in the Laboratory. (1 mark)

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