TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED DC FAN

Dr.Sudha Senthilkumar1, Dr. K. Brindha2 , Prof.Rathi.R3

Siya Hardi4,Sadhika Kataria5
School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the working of an automatically temperature controlled DC fan. It uses the technology
called IOT-Internet Of things. Basically in IOT the device takes the input from environment or outside world
and works/gives output accordingly. The main objective of this paper is to device a temperature controlled fan
using the analog components, also to measure the threshold temperature for which the fan works. An alarm
circuit is also attached to indicate the fan turn on.This device can be used in smart homes.The temperature
controlled dc fan is designed to turn off and turn on according to the temperature surroundings. This device
majorly functioning on the behavior of the thermistor has a major advantage in power saving. The device will
be designed in a way that the threshold temperature(the minimum temperature) to turn on the fan will be
modified in accordance to the choice of the user.
Keywords: IOT, Thermistor, DC Fan, Device, Temperature

I.INTRODUCTION
Overall the general public does not want to manually change the fan speed with the change in temperature. The
temperature controlled DC fan is meant to address this issue.It automatically switches on/off the fan as change
in temperature is observed by sensors.It can be used or in smart homes, smart cities.It will also save the
electricity and power consumption.
It is mentioned in many articles that billions of KW-hrs of energy per year is used by fans.And this constitutes
of 15% of power consumption.
So our paper deals with this issue, i.e reducing the power consumption by automatically controlling the speed
and power consumed on the basis of temperature.So microcontroller can be used to control the speed by
measuring or evaluating the changes in temperature.

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1.1 AT MEGA 8
Block Diagram:

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1.2 Pin Mapping

1.3 Specifications:

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1.4 Pin Descriptions:

II. ALGORITHM
● Preparing the main analog network for the temperature sensitive control
● Attaching the alarm circuit.
● Attaching the temperature measuring circuit.
● Programming the arduino pins according to the function required.
● Providing the voltage control to the circuit components.
● Checking the output using the blow drier to increase the temperature

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III. SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Hardware Design

3.1.1 Architecture of control module
An Arduino [11] is an open source computer hardware and software, project and user community that designs
and manufactures Microcontroller-based tools for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense
and control the real world. The AVR is a Modified Harvard architecture[12].It is a 8-bit RISC based single chip
microcontroller which was developed by Atmel.The AVR (Alf (Egil Bogen) and Vegard (Wollan)'s RISC
processor) was one of the first microcontroller families to use on chip flash memory (32KB) for program
storage.AVR microcontrollers handle 16-bit applications With a single cycle instruction.ATmega is low power,
high performance device.

3.1.2 Sensor module

Temperature sensors measure the temperature of the surrounding .It measures the temperature variations.It gives
the values in in centigrade(Celsius). It has goot accuracy (about 0.5 degree Celsius) .The relation between the
measured property and temperature must be calibrated.This changes in temperature determines the speed of fan
and whether to turn off or turn on the fan.

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3.1.3 Fan module
Temperature sensors measure the temperature of the surrounding .It measures the temperature variations.As
temperature value reaches some threshold value it switches on this DC fan.This is a simple fan operated by
direct current.

III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Thermistor is used in the dc fan which is controlled by temperature and this is it’s working principle. The
component whose resistance changes with temperature is a thermistor. The negative temperature coefficient
(NTC) and the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) are the two major classifications of a thermistor.But we
have used a NTC type thermistor. Negative temperature coefficient has an inverse relation between the
resistance and the temperature.Whereas, in positive temperature coefficient there is a direct relation between
resistance and temperature.
The NTC thermistors are made up of metal oxides.The oxides of iron, copper, titanium, nickel, manganese are
widely used. A wide range of temperature coefficient characteristics as well as resistivity is made available just
by a change in the oxide type or the sintering temperature or atmosphere.
The potentiometer is working as the voltage regulator and hence it also defines the threshold temperature for the
fan, i.e. by varying the resistance of the potentiometer we can alter the current that flows through the circuit at
any given time. Hence, the voltage across thermistor changes so the threshold temperature at which thermistor
starts conducting changes and hence the on the temperature of the fan changes.
The voltage comparator that is used as Op amp IC741 and voltage between the two inputs(inverting and non-

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inverting terminals) is contrasted. The voltage divider circuit is created by putting non-inverting terminal,i.e,pin
number 3 between R1 and thermistor. The Potentiometer is made to connect to an inverting terminal,i.e, pin
number 2. As a result, the fan speed is regulated by the op amp output. There is more voltage across pin number
3 caused by voltage divider circuit when there is a decrease in resistance. This decrease in resistance results
from the increase in the surrounding temperature, which in turn causes the thermistor temperature to increase as
well.
Now we can say that fan speed increases with the output voltage. For the temperature measuring device the
Arduino circuit and program-

int value=0; //initializing variables

float volts=0.0;
float temp=0.0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(A0,INPUT); //setting arduino pin3 as input
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
value=analogRead(A0); //read from A0
volts=(value/1024.0)*5.0; //conversion to volts
temp= volts*100.0; //conversion to temp Celsius
Serial.print("temperature= ");
Serial.println(temp);
delay(500);
}

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IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
The circuit according to the design was build and the output was verified. The temperature of the circuit was
increased using a blow drier and then the fan starts at the threshold temperature that was set by the
potentiometer. As the blow drier was turned off the temperature of the circuit drops and the fan slows down and
finally turns off. The temperature measuring device reads the temperature of the surroundings. The alarm system
indicates as the fan turns on.
● The threshold temperature of the fan can be changed by turning the potentiometer.
● The fan can be set to always power on mode by reducing the resistance of the potentiometer
● The circuit can also be implemented for AC voltage by making changes in the temperature control circuit.
● We can screen more parameters like humidity,light and in the meantime control them.We can send this
information to a remote area utilizing versatile or web.
● We can draw diagrams of varieties in these parameters utilizing a PC.
● At the point when the temperature surpasses the farthest point, a call will be dialed to the individual given
number by a programmed Dialer framework.

REFERENCES
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