QUESTION BANK

Unit-1

1. Construct a second-degree parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 in the least square sense for the

following data:
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4

𝑦 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3

2. Construct a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 for the data:

𝑥 0 2 4 5 7 10

𝑦 100 120 256 390 710 1600

3. Find a law of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥for the following data

x 100 120 140 160 180 200
y 45 55 60 70 80 85
4. Fit a parabola y = a + bx + cx 2 using least square method for the following data.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3.150 -1.390 0.620 2.886 5.378
5. Find a law of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥for the following data
x 100 120 140 160 180 200
y 45 55 60 70 80 85

6. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data

x 20 22 25 31 35 40 42 45
f 5 12 15 20 25 14 10 6
2
7. Fit a parabola of second degree 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 for the data
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.3
8. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data by step deviation Method
x 10 20 30 4 50 60
f 8 12 20 10 25 3
9. Fit a parabola y = aebx using least square method for the following data.
X 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 133 55 23 7 2 2
10. Calculate standard deviation for the following data,
CI 100-109 110- 120- 130- 140- 150- 160- 170-
119 129 139 149 159 169 179
Frequency 15 44 133 150 125 82 35 16
11. Calculate the co-efficient of correlation for the following data:
𝑥 1 3 4 2 5 8 9 10 13 15
 𝑦 8 6 10 8 12 16 16 10 32 32

12. The two regression equations of the variables 𝑥 and y are 𝑥 = 19.13 − 0.87𝑦 and 𝑦 = 11.64 −
0.54 𝑥. Compute 𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟
13. Obtain the lines of regression for the following data:
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

𝑦 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15

 x y 1 − r 2 
14. Show that if 𝜃 is the angle between the regression lines than tan  =  2 +  2  r 
x y  
15. Calculate the co-efficient of correlation and obtain the lines of regression for the following data
x 1 3 4 2 5 8 9 10 13 15

y 8 6 10 8 12 16 16 10 32 32

16. Fit a parabola of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5

y 10 12 13 16 19

17. Calculate the coefficient of correlation and obtain the lines of regression for the following data.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14

18. Fit a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 for the data and hence find y when 𝑥 = 8
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y 87 97 113 129 202 195 193

19. The equations of regression lines of two variables x and y are y = 0.516 x + 33.73 and
x = 0.512 y + 32.52 . Find the correlation coefficient and the means of x and y
20. Three judges, A, B, C, give the following ranks. Find which pair of judges
has common approach

21. Find rank correlation for the following data showing rank of 10 students in two tests
22. In two factories A and B located in the same industrial area, the average weekly wages (in
rupees) and the standard deviations are as follows:
Factory Average Standard No. of workers
Deviation
A 34.5 5 476
B 28.5 4.5 524
i)Which factory A or B pays out a larger amount as weekly wages?
ii) Which factory A or B has greater variability in individual wages?

23. Find rank correlation by Spearman’s rank correlation method for the following data
x 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
y 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
23. . Find rank correlation for the following data showing rank of 10 students in two tests

Student A B C D E F G H I J

Test 1 70 68 67 55 60 60 75 63 60 72

Test 2 65 65 80 60 68 58 75 63 60 70

24. A Simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P at its midpoint. Corresponding to
various values of P the maximum deflection Y is measured and is given in the following table.
P 100 120 140 160 180 200

Y 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85

Find a relation of the form 𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑃 and hence estimate Y when P is 150

25. Ten competitors in a music contest are ranked by 3-judges A, B,C in the following order, use
the rank correlation coefficient to decide which pair of judges have the nearest approach to
common taste of music
A 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
B 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
C 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
26. The daily temperature is recorded in a city Russia in a year is given below. Calculate mean
deviation.
Temp(ino -40 to - -30 to - -20- to -10 -10 to 0 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 30
C) 30 20 0
No. of 10 18 30 42 65 180 20
days
27. Compute the coefficient of correlation using the lines of regression for the following data.
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14
28. Ten students got the following percentage of marks in two subjects x and y. Compute their
Rank correlation coefficient.
Marks in 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
x
 Marks in 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47
y
29. The two lines of regression for the variables x and y are given by
x = 19.3 − 0.87 y and y = 11.64 − 0.9 x . Find x , y and correlation coefficient.
30. Compute the Rank correlation coefficient for the following marks in Mathematics of 8 students
selected at random in SSLC and PU examination.
SSLC 85 60 73 40 89 54 70 68
PU 92 74 64 50 80 63 61 80

Unit-2

1. Find the value of k such that the following distribution represents a finite probability
distribution. Also, find the mean and standard deviation.

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
p(x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k
2. Find the value of the constant k and the mean and the variance of the following distribution.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k
kx3 0  x 1
3. Given f ( x) =  Find (i) k so that f ( x) is the probability density function.
0 elsewhare
1 3  1
(ii) P   X   (iii) P  X   .
4 4  2
4. Derive the mean and Standard deviation for Poisson’s Distribution.
5. Derive Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial Distribution.
6. Derive the mean and Standard deviation for Exponential Distribution.
7. In 800 families with 5 children each how many families would be expected to have (i) 3 boys
and 2 girls (ii) 2 boys and 3 girls (iii) no girls (iv) at most 2 girls by assuming probability for
boys and girls to be equal
8. The probability that a man aged 60 will live to be 70 is 0.65. What is the
probability that out of ten men now aged 60 (i) at least 7 will live to be 70. (ii) exactly 9 will
live up to 70.(iii) at most 9 will live up to 70.
9. The number of accidents in a year to a taxi drivers in a city follows a poisson distribution with
mean 3 out of 1000 taxi drivers find approximately the number of drivers with (i) no accidents
(ii) more than 3 accidents in a year
10. An Airline knows that 5% of the people making reservations on a certain flight will not turn
up. Consequently, their policy is to sell 52 tickets for a flight that can only hold 50 people. What
is the probability that there will be a seat for every passenger who turns up.
11. The marks of 1000 students in an examination follows a normal distribution with mean 70 and
standard deviation 5. Find the number of students whose marks will be (i) less than 65 (ii) more
than 75
12. The number of telephone lines busy at an instant of time is a binomial bivariate with probability
0.1 that a line is busy. If 10 lines are chosen at random, what is the probability that (i) no lines
is busy (ii) all lines are busy (iii) at least one line is busy.
13. In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% of the items
are over 64. Find the mean and S.D. of the distribution.
 2
1 𝑧 −𝑧
Given that ∅(𝑧) = ∫ 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑧 then ∅(0.5) = 0.1915 & ∅(1.4) = 0.4192
√2𝜋 0
14. In a certain town the duration of a shower is exponentially distributed with the mean 5 minutes.
What is the probability that a shower will last for (i) 10 minutes or more (ii) less than 10 minutes
(iii) between 10 minutes and 12 minutes.
15. The mean weight of 500 students during a medical examination was found to be 50 kgs and
S.D. weight 6 kgs. Assuming that the weights are normally distributed find the number of
students having weight (i) between 40 & 50 kgs
(ii) more than 60 kgs. Given that ∅(1.67) = 0.4525
16. In an examination 7% of the students score less than 35 marks and 89% of the students score
less than 60 marks. Find the mean & SD, if the marks are normally distributed. ( p(0<z<1.2263)
=0.39 & p(0<z<1.4757) =0.43)
17. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make was normally
distributed with an average lie 2040 hrs and standard deviation 60 hrs. Estimate the number of
bulbs likely to burn for (i) more than 2150 hrs (ii) less than 1950 hrs
(iii) more than 1920 hrs but less than 1950 hrs. (Given: P(0<z<1.8)=0.4641,
P(0<z<1.5)=0.4332, P(0<z<2)=0.4772 )

18. The life of an electric bulb is normally distributed with average life of 2000 hrs and S.D. of 60
hrs. Out of 2500 such bulbs, find the number of bulbs that are likely to test for (i) more than
2100 hrs and (ii) between 1900 and 2100 hrs. Given P(0  z  1.67) = 0.4525.

19. Find the value of k such that the following distribution represents a finite probability
distribution. Hence find its mean and standard deviation. Also find P(X  1) and P(X > 1) .
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

p(x) k 2k 3k 4k 3k 2k k

20. If x is a normal variate with mean 30 and standard deviation 5. Find the probabilities that (i)
26  x  40 (ii) x  45

Unit-3

1. The joint probability distribution of two random variables x and y is given below
Y
-2 -1 4 5
X
1 0.1 0.2 0 0.3
2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0
Find (i) Marginal distribution of X and Y (ii) Covariance of X and Y

2. The joint distribution of two random variables X and Y is as follows

x↓ y→ -4 2 7
1 1/8 1/4 1/8
5 1/4 1/8 1/8
Compute the following (i)E(X), (ii)E(Y) and (iii)E(XY)

3. The joint Distribution of two random variables X and Y follows

 ↓ 𝑋 & 𝑌 → 2 3 4

1 0.06 0.15 0.09

2 0.14 0.35 0.21

Compute the Marginal distributions of X and Y also verify that X and Y are stochastically
independent.

4. Suppose 𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌 are independent random variable with the following respective distribution.
Find the joint distribution of 𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌. Also verify 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑋𝑌 = 0
𝑥𝑖 1 2 𝑦𝑗 -2 5 8

𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 0.7 0.3 𝑔(𝑦𝑗 ) 0.3 0.5 0.2

5. X and Y are independent random variables. X takes the values 2,5,7 with probability 1/2, 1/4,
1/4 respectively. Y takes values 3,4,5 with the probability 1/3, 1/3, 1/3.
(a) Find the JPD of X & Y.
(b) Show that the covariance of X and Y is equal to zero
6. If X and Y are continuous random variables having joint probability density function
c ( x 2 + y 2 ) 0  x  1, 0  y  1
f ( x, y) = 
0 otherewise
Find (i) constant c (ii) P(x < 1/2, y > 1/2) (iii) P(1/4 < x < 3/4)
7. A joint distribution of two continuous random variables X and Y is given by
𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { .
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1
Find (i) constant k (ii) 𝑃 (𝑥 < , 𝑦 > )
2 2
𝑘(𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑦 , 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑦 > 0
8. Find the constant 𝑘 so that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { is a joint probability
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
function. Also, verify that 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are independent.
3/4 1/4
9. Find the unique fixed probability vector of the regular stochastic matrix A=[ ]
1/2 1/2
10. Find the unique fixed probability vector of the regular stochastic matrix 𝐴 =
0 1 0
1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
[ 6 2 3]
0 2⁄3 1⁄3
0 2/3 1/3
11. Prove that the Markov chain whose t.p.m is 𝑃 = [ 1/2 0 1/2 ] is irreducible. Find the
1⁄ 1⁄ 0
2 2
0.7 0.3
unique fixed probability vector for 𝐴 = [ ]
0.8 0.2
1 − b b 
12. Show that (a, b) is a fixed point of the stochastic matrix P =   . What is the
 a 1− a
associated fixed probability vector?
13. A man smoking habits are as follows. If he smokes filter cigarettes one week, he switches to
non-filter cigarettes the next week with probability 0.2. On other hand, if he smokes nonfilter
 cigarettes one week there is a probability of 0.7 that he will smoke non-filter cigarettes the next
week as well. In the long run how often does he smoke filter cigarettes?
14. Every year, a man trades his car for a new car. If he has a BMW, he trades it for an Audi, if he has
an Audi, he trades it for Mercedes. However, if he has a Mercedes, he is just as likely to trade it for
a new Mercedes as to trade it for a BMW or Audi. In 2020 he bought his first car, which was a
Mercedes. Find the probability that in 2022 he has (i) Mercedes (ii) BMW

15. A software engineer goes to his work place every day by motor bike or by car. He never goes by
bike on two consecutive days but if he goes by car on a day then he is equally likely to go by car or
by bike on the next day. Find the transition matrix for the chain of mode of transport he uses. If car
is used on the first day of a week, find the probability that (i) bike is used (ii) car is used on the fifth
day.

16. A salesman's territory consists of 3 cities A, B, C. He never sells in the same city for 2 consecutive
days but if he sells in city A then the next day, he sells in city B. However, if he sells in either B or
C then the next day he is twice as likely to sells in city A as in the other city. In the long run how
often does he sell in each of the city.

17. A man’s smoking habits are as follows. If he smokes filter cigarettes one week, he switches to non
filter cigarettes the next week with probability 0.2. On the other hand if he smokes non filter
cigarettes one week there is a probability of 0.7 that he will smoke non filter cigarettes the next
week as well. In the long run how often does he smoke filter cigarettes

18. A gambler luck as follows a pattern. If he wins a game the probability of winning the next game is
0.6. however, is he losing a game the probability of loosing the next game is 0.7. There is an even
chance of gambler winning the first game. If so (i) what is the probability of he is winning the
second game and (ii) in the long run, how often he will win.

19. Three boys A, B , C are throwing a ball to each other. A always throws the ball to B and B always
throw the ball to C. C is just as likely to throw the ball to B as to A. If C was the first person to
throw the ball find the probabilities that after three follows (i) A has the ball (ii) B has the ball and
(ii) C has the ball.
Unit -4

1. In an examination given to students at many different schools the mean grade was 74.5 and
standard deviation grade was 8. At one particular school 200 students took the examination and
the mean grade was 75.9. Discuss the significance of this result at both 5% and 1% level of
significance.
2. The mean of two large samples of 1000 and 2000 members are 168.75 cms and 170 cms
respectively. Can the samples be regards as drawn from the sample population of standard
deviation 6.25 cms?
3. A population contains 3,7,11,15 consider all possible sample of size 2 without replacement.
Find mean and variance of a finite population and mean & variance of sampling distribution of
means.
4. Let {1, 2, 3} constitute a population we form the sampling distribution of the sample means in
the case of (i) random sample of size 2 with replacement (ii) random sample of size 2 without
replacement.
5. The weights of 1500 ball bearings are normally distributed with a mean of 635 grams and
standard deviation of 1.36 grams. If 300 random samples of size 36 are drawn from this
population determine the expected mean and standard deviation of sampling distribution of
means if sampling is done (i) with replacement (ii) without replacement.
6. A manufactured claimed that at least 95% of the equipment which he supplied to a factory
conformed to specifications. An examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed
that 18 of them were faulty. Test his claim at 1% level of significance.

7. The mean and SD of the maximum loads supported by 60 cables are 11.09 tons and 0.73 tons
respectively. Find 95% confidence limit for mean of the maximum loads of all cables produced
by the company.
8. Random sample of 1000 engineering students from a city A and 800 from city B were taken. It
was found that 400 students in each of the sample were from payment quota. Does the data
reveal a significant difference between the two cities in respect of payment quota students?

9. Ten individuals are chosen at random from a population and their heights in inches are found
to be 63, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 71. Test the hypothesis that the mean height of the universe
is 66 inches. ( t0.05 =2.262 for 9 d.f. ).
10. Five dice were thrown 96 times and the number 1, 2 or 3 appearing on the face of the dice
follows the frequency distribution as follows

No. of dice showing 1, 2 or 3 5 4 3 2 1 0

Frequency 7 19 35 24 8 3

11. Fit a binomial distribution for the data and test the goodness of fit. Given that  20.05 = 11.07
for 5 d.f.
12. A die is thrown 9000 times and a throw of 3 or 4 was observed 3240 times. Show that the die
cannot be regarded as an unbiased one.
13. A group of boys and girls were given an intelligence test. Test mean score, S.D score and
numbers in each group are follows:
Mean S. D N
Boys 74 8 12
Girls 70 10 10
Is the difference between the means of the two groups significant at 5%level of significance.
( 𝑡0.05 = 2.0886 𝑓𝑜𝑟 20 𝑑. 𝑓)
14. Construct a Poisson distribution for the following data and test the goodness of fit, given that
2
𝜒0.05 = 7.815 for 3 d.f.
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4

𝑓 122 60 15 2 1

15. In an examination given to students at a large number of different schools the mean grade was
74.5 and standard deviation grade was 8. At one particular school 200 students took the
examination the mean grade was 75.9. Discuss the significance of this result at both 5% and
1% level of significance.
16. A manufacturer claimed that at least 95% of the equipment which he supplied to a factory
conformed to specifications. An examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed
that 18 of them were faulty. Test his claim at 1% and 5% level of significance.

17. A sample of 10 measurements of the diameter of a space gave a mean of 12 cm and a standard
deviation 0.15 cm. Find the 95% confidence limit for the actual diameter. ( t0.05 =2.262 for 9
d.f.).

18. Five dice were thrown 96 times and the number 1, 2 or 3 appearing on the face of the dice
follows the frequency distribution as follows
No. of Dice 5 4 3 2 1 0
showing 1,2
or 3
Frequency 7 19 35 24 8 3
19. Test the hypothesis that the data follows a binomial distribution (or fit a binomial distribution
2
for the data and test the goodness of fit 𝜒0.05 = 11.07 for 5 d.f.)

20. In an exit poll enquiry it was revealed that 600 voters in one locality and 400 voters from another
locality favored 55% and 48% respectively a particular party to come to power. Test the
hypothesis that there is a difference in the locality in respect of the opinion.

21. A group of 10 boys fed on a diet A and another group of 8 boys fed on a different diet B for a
period of 6 months recorded the following increase in weights(Given: 𝑡0.05 =
2.12 𝑓𝑜𝑟 16 𝑑. 𝑓)
Diet A: 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10
Diet B: 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8
22. Test whether diets A and B differ significantly regarding their effect on increase in weight.
2
23. Test the goodness in respect of Poisson distribution of fit to the given data (𝜒0.05 =7.815 for 3
d.f).
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4

𝑓 122 60 15 2 1

24. A die is thrown 9000 times and a throw of 3 or 4 was observed 3240 times. Show that the die
cannot be regarded as an unbiased one.

25. In an examination given to students at a large number of different schools the mean grade was
74.5 and S.D grade was 8. At one particular school where 200 students took the examination
the mean grade was 75.9. Discuss the significance of this result from the view point of (a) one
tailed test (b) two tailed test at both 5% and 1% level of significance.
26. Five dice are thrown 96 times and the number 1, 2, 3 appearing on the face of the dice follows
the frequency distribution as below.
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 5𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
4 31,2,3 2 1 0

𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
7 19 35 24 8 3
2
Test the hypothesis that the data follows a binomial distribution. (𝜒0.05 = 11.07 𝑓𝑜𝑟 5 𝑑. 𝑓).
27. A sample analysis of examination results of 500 students was made. It was found that 220
students had failed, 170 students had scored third class, 90 students second class and 20 students
first class. Do these figures support the general examination results which is in the ratio 4:3:2:1
for respective categories. ( 0.05
2
= 7.81 for 3 d . f )

28. A coin is tossed 1000 times and turns up 540 times. Decide on hypothesis that the coin is
unbiased at 1% level of significance.

29. A survey was conducted in a slum locality of 2000 families by selecting a sample of size 800.
It was revealed that 180 families were illiterate. Find the probability of illiterate families in the
population of 2000
30. A machine is expected to produce nails of length 3 inches. A random of 25 nails gave an average
length of 3% inch with standard deviation 03. Can it be said that the machine is producing nails
as per specification? (t0.05 for 24 d . f is 2.064)
31. A die is thrown 264 times and the number appearing on the fall (x) follows the following
frequency distribution. Calculate the value of  2 .
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 40 32 28 58 54 60