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1. You are required to carry out an experiment to determine the value of gravitational acceleration, g by
using a simple pendulum.

Carry out the experiment by using the steps below.

1. Arrange the apparatus by placing the thread in between two plywood’s that is clamped by retort stand as shown in
Diagram 1.

2. Measure the length of pendulum, I of 30.0 cm from the center of bob to the point of suspension using meter rule.

3. Displace the pendulum by 10° and release the pendulum. Record the time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t.
𝑡
4. Calculate the period of oscillation, T using T = 10

5. Calculate T2.

6. Repeat step 1 to step 5 using I = 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm , 60.0 cm and 70.0 cm.

7. (a) Based on the experiment conducted, state the responding variable. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Tabulate your data for all values of l, t, T and T2 in the space below. [6 marks]

(c) On a graph paper (last page), draw a graph of T2 against l [3 marks]

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4𝜋2
(d) The relationship between T2 and l is given by T2 = 𝑔
l

(i) Calculate the gradient of the graph of T2 against l. [2 marks]

(ii) Using the gradient of the graph in (d) (i), determine the value of gravitational acceleration, g.

State your answer in S.I. unit. [2 marks]

(e) What will happen to the period of oscillation of pendulum if the experiment is carried out on the surface of the
Moon? [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. You are going to cany out an experiment to investigate the relationship between period of oscillation, T and mass,
m.

Cany out the experiment using the steps below:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Diagram 1.1

2. Fix a piece of 15.0 g plasticine to the free end of the jigsaw blade.

3. Displace the free end of the jigsaw blade horizontally with an angle of 3^ and then release if so that the plasticine
oscillates.

4. Record the time, t1 for 10 complete oscillations of the plasticine.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 and record the time as t1.

6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 using plasticine of mass, m = 30.0, 45.0, 60.0 and 75.0 g.

Based on the experiment conducted,

(a) State one suitable hypothesis [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) Manipulated variable [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Responding variable [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(iii) Constant variable [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Record the value of m, t1, t2, t, T and T2 for each value of m in Table 1 below. [3 marks]

m/g t1 / s t2 / s T/s T/s T2 / s2

15.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.41 0.168

30.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 0.48 0.230

45.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 0.55 0.303

60.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 0.61 0.372

75.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 0.65 0.423

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(d) On the graph paper provided, plot the graph of T2 against m. [3 marks]

(e) Based on your graph in (d). state the relationship between T2 and m. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(f) (i) Determine the value of T when m = 50 g.

Show on the graph, how you determine the value of T. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Calculate the gradient of the graph, h.

Show on the graph, how you determine the value of h. [2 marks]

(g) State the precaution of the experiment [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Students are required to carry out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence, i,
and the angle of refraction, r, by using the apparatus shows in Diagram 1.1

Carry out the experiment using the steps below:

1. The apparatus set up for this experiment is shown in Diagram

1.1 below.

2. Adjust the initial value of incident angle, i to 20°

3. The angle of refraction, r is measured using a protractor and

recorded

4. The value of sin i and sin r is calculated and recorded

5. The experiment is repeated by increasing the angle of incident

to i = 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°.

(a) For the experiment described,

(i) The manipulated variable

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) The responding variable

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(iii) The constant variable

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Tabulate your results for all values of i, r, sin i and sin r in the space below.

(c) On the graph paper provided, draw a graph of sin i against sin r.

(d) Based on the graph in (c), state the relationship between sin i and sin r

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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(e) (i) Calculate the gradient of the graph, m

(ii) State the physical quantity represented by the value in (e)(i)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(f) State the precaution that should be taken in this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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(I) Pendulum Experiment

(1) Arrange the apparatus by placing the thread in between two plywood that is clamped by retort stand as
shown in the diagram above.

(2) Measure the length of pendulum, I of 30.0 cm from the centre of bob to the point of suspension using
meter rule. Displace the pendulum by 10° and release the pendulum.

(3) Record the time taken for 10 complete oscillations, ℓ.

𝑡
(4) Calculate the period of oscillation, T using
10

(5) Calculate T2.

(6) Repeat step 1 to step 5 using ℓ = 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm , 60.0 cm and 70.0 cm.

(II) Inertia Experiment

To investigate the relationship between mass and inertia of an object

1. The apparatus is set up as above.

2. A 50 g plasticine ball is fixed to one end of the blade.

3. Displace horizontally the end of the blade with plasticine and release so that it starts to oscillate.

4. The time for 20 complete oscillations, t20, is measured using a stopwatch.

5. Calculate the period of oscillation, T, by T = t20 / 20

6. Step (2) to step (5) are repeated using plasticine ball with mass 100 g, 150 g, 200 g, and 250 g.

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(III) Boyle’s Law Experiment
To determine the relationship between volume and pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant
temperature.

1. The apparatus is set up as shown in Diagram above.

2. The piston is adjusted to fill the syringe with 100 ml of air. The end of the syringe is then connected
to a pressure gauge.
3. The volume and pressure of the air in the syringe are measured and recorded.
4. The piston is pushed slowly into the syringe until the volume of car in the syringe is reduced to
90ml. The volume and pressure of the air in the syringe are measured and recorded.
5. Step 4 is repeated with the volume of air reduced to 80ml, 70 ml and 60 ml.

(IV) Snell’s Law Experiment

To investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.

1. The apparatus set-up as shown in Diagram above is set up on a piece of white paper.
2. The outline of the glass block is traced and normal at point O is drawn on the white paper.
3. Five straight lines at different angles of incidence, i = 20o，30o, 40o，50o and 60o are drawn using a
protractor to represent five incident rays.
4. A light ray from the ray box is directed to the glass block at the angle of incidence, i = 20°.
The path of the emergent ray PQ. on the white paper is traced on the white paper.
5. The glass block is removed and the refracted ray, OP, is drawn on the white paper. The angle of
refraction, r is measured and recorded.
6. The glass block is put back in place. Steps 4 and 5 are repeated with angles of incidence, i = 30°,
40°, 50° and 60°
sin 𝑖
7. The values of sin i, sin r and n = sin 𝑟 are calculated and subsequently recorded.

Sample Question

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