Appendix 12A.

The volume of transfers of

major conventional weapons: by recipients and
suppliers, 1999–2003
BJ Ö RN H A G ELIN , M A RK BRO M LEY
and S IEM O N T. WEZEM A N

Table 12A.1. The recipients of major conventional weapons, 1999–2003

The list includes all countries/non-state actors with imports of major conventional weapons in
the period 1999–2003. Ranking is according to the 1999–2003 aggregate imports. Figures are
SIPRI trend-indicator values expressed in US $m. at constant (1990) prices. Figures may not
add up because of the conventions of rounding.

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Recipient 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

1 1 China 1 539 1 822 3 049 2 842 2 548 11 800

2 3 India 1 043 580 908 1 691 3 621 7 843
3 6 Greece 556 682 697 517 1 957 4 409
4 4 Turkey 1 125 692 372 804 504 3 497
5 10 UK 98 834 1 202 567 555 3 256
6 8 Egypt 490 820 775 646 504 3 235
7 2 Taiwan 1 670 536 411 293 179 3 084
8 7 South Korea 1 162 719 375 300 299 3 855
9 12 Pakistan 788 135 391 600 611 2 525
10 5 Saudi Arabia 1 215 68 74 576 487 2 420
11 13 Australia 331 326 636 616 485 2 394
12 9 Israel 1 202 320 88 267 318 2 195
13 14 UAE 413 243 186 356 922 2 120
14 17 Algeria 459 372 523 228 513 2 095
15 11 Japan 1 028 197 206 154 210 1 795
16 18 Iran 242 294 410 371 323 1 640
17 15 Finland 797 513 10 31 125 1 476
18 19 Canada 47 424 466 351 94 1 382
19 27 USA 103 133 167 364 515 1 282
20 16 Singapore 219 548 167 227 121 1 282
21 26 Italy 8 236 355 323 348 1 270
22 25 Malaysia 787 40 26 110 242 1 205
23 20 Brazil 272 91 539 150 87 1 139
24 24 Spain 314 264 176 215 97 1 066
25 21 Netherlands 294 131 142 255 132 954
26 41 Poland 1 136 68 300 420 925
27 23 Angola 379 118 313 29 – 839
28 29 Yemen 54 158 92 487 30 821
29 39 Indonesia 181 164 38 53 333 769
30 30 Jordan 70 129 174 121 258 752
31 28 Norway 193 269 150 82 – 694
32 31 Argentina 199 184 77 107 127 694
476 M ILITAR Y S P ENDING AND AR M AM ENTS , 2 0 0 3

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Recipient 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

33 35 Thailand 168 86 115 148 163 680

34 22 Switzerland 498 26 47 40 41 652
35 33 Bangladesh 192 222 176 21 0 611
36 42 Chile 179 156 24 56 156 571
37 37 Colombia 38 71 222 111 48 490
38 32 Myanmar (Burma) 118 1 130 198 31 478
39 40 Germany 135 120 107 46 69 477
40 45 Syria 20 420 – 15 15 470
41 50 New Zealand 317 – 45 17 71 450
42 43 Sri Lanka 44 236 123 12 8 423
43 49 Bahrain – 314 31 58 – 403
44 34 Sweden 121 107 93 47 23 391
45 47 Mexico 32 173 114 21 43 383
46 38 Viet Nam 152 8 72 137 7 376
47 54 Kazakhstan 64 147 31 69 62 373
48 51 Cyprus 242 2 128 – – 372
49 36 Kuwait 110 135 73 26 21 365
50 52 Morocco 60 124 – 173 – 357
51 44 Denmark 133 64 112 8 7 324
52 57 Venezuela 59 90 84 50 – 283
53 56 France 94 43 – 22 120 273
54 55 Peru 99 – 160 5 – 264
55 58 Eritrea 14 – 60 – 180 254
56 59 Sudan 36 – 146 57 – 239
57 60 Afghanistan/NAb 2 20 204 – – 226
58 48 Ethiopia 75 125 – 20 – 220
59 62 Congo (DRC) 72 75 57 14 – 218
60 61 Macedonia 72 11 133 – – 216
61 64 North Korea 173 12 22 3 – 210
62 53 Austria 48 25 15 61 55 204
63 65 Oman – 109 12 61 14 196
64 74 Czech Republic 2 18 27 38 111 196
65 63 Belgium 59 30 33 29 27 178
66 66 Russia – – – 170 – 170
67 46 Qatar 101 12 12 12 10 147
68 67 Libya – – 145 0 – 145
69 68 Azerbaijan – 3 – 140 – 143
70 69 Romania 34 18 22 13 46 133
71 71 Georgia 25 6 80 – – 111
72 82 Nigeria – 42 7 5 51 105
73 92 Portugal 2 2 24 – 68 96
74 73 Ireland 30 – 46 18 2 96
75 102 Dominican Republic 3 13 1 – 76 93
76 70 Uganda 39 6 – 22 19 86
77 77 Slovenia 16 – 55 1 14 86
78 72 Hungary 50 14 14 – – 78
79 80 Croatia – – 61 2 – 63
80 81 United Nationsc 8 51 1 – – 60
 INTER NATIONAL AR M S TR ANS F ER S 477

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Recipient 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

81 90 Zimbabwe 24 4 8 – 23 59
82 83 Bahamas – 54 – – – 54
83 101 Latvia 4 3 13 3 29 52
84 95 Afghanistan – – – 31 17 48
85 79 Laos 5 7 34 – – 46
86 94 South Africa 14 – 17 – 13 44
87 103 Côte d’Ivoire – – – 22 22 44
88 97 Estonia 1 26 – 1 16 44
89 75 Belarus 41 – – – – 41
90 88 Rwanda 26 14 – – – 40
91 89 Botswana – 24 12 1 – 37
92 76 Philippines – – 7 19 8 34
93 91 Namibia – – 18 11 5 34
94 85 Lithuania 5 4 15 7 – 31
95 96 Slovakia – 3 – 27 – 30
96 98 Zambia – 27 – 1 – 28
97 93 Serbia and Montenegro – – 27 – – 27
98 86 Tunisia 9 – 11 7 – 27
99 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina 25 – – – – 25
100 87 Uruguay 9 4 – 11 – 24
101 99 Guinea – 19 5 – – 24
102 84 Ecuador 19 4 – 1 – 24
103 105 Nepal – – 10 8 5 23
104 78 NATOc – – 22 – – 22
105 107 Ghana 7 1 8 1 – 17
106 106 Chad – – 15 – – 15
107 109 Sierra Leone 13 – – – – 13
108 108 Trinidad and Tobago – 11 1 – – 12
109 115 Uzbekistan – – 5 5 – 10
110 121 Paraguay – – 6 – 4 10
111 112 Mauritania – 9 – – – 9
112 118 Liberia 1 8 – – – 9
113 142 Kyrgyzstan – – – – 9 9
114 119 Suriname 8 – – – – 8
115 113 Mali – 7 – 1 – 8
116 110 Lebanon 4 4 – – – 8
117 120 Equatorial Guinea – – 8 – – 8
118 123 Bulgaria 6 – – – 2 8
119 107 Brunei 5 – 3 – – 8
120 114 Lesotho – – 6 – – 6
121 122 Guyana – – 6 – – 6
212 142 Benin – – – – 6 6
123 116 Jamaica 5 – – – – 5
124 111 Cameroon – – 1 3 – 4
125 126 Djibouti – – 1 2 – 3
126 127 Swaziland – 1 1 – – 2
127 132 Luxembourg 1 – – – 1 2
128 128 Congo (Rep.) 2 – – – – 2
478 M ILITAR Y S P ENDING AND AR M AM ENTS , 2 0 0 3

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Recipient 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

129 129 Armenia 2 – – – – 2

130 124 Albania – – – 1 1 2
131 130 Somalia 1 – – – – 1
132 117 Cape Verde – 1 – – – 1
133 134 Bolivia – 1 – – – 1
134 135 Burundi – – 1 – – 1
135 136 Sri Lanka/LTTE – – – – – –
136 137 FYROM/NLAb – – – – – –
137 138 Lebanon/Hizbollahb – – – – – –
138 125 El Salvador – – – – – –
139 131 Northern Cyprus – – – – – –
140 139 Malta – – – – – –
141 140 Mozambique – – – – – –
142 133 Guatemala – – – – – –
.. .. Unknown countries d 5 – 22 – – 27
Total 21 257 15 549 16 611 16 143 18 680 88 240

. . = not available or not applicable.

– = between 0 and 0.5.
a The rank order for recipients in 1998–2002 differs from that published in the SIPRI

Yearbook 2003 (pp. 466–69) because of subsequent revision of figures for these years.
b Non-state actor/rebel group. NA = Northern Alliance (UFSA, United Islamic Front for the

Salvation of Afghanistan); NLA = National Liberation Army; LTTE = Liberation Tigers of

Tamil Eelam.
c Non-state actor/international organization.
d One or more unknown recipients(s).

The SIPRI data on arms transfers relate to actual deliveries of major conventional weapons.
To permit comparison between the data on such deliveries of different weapons and identifi-
cation of general trends, SIPRI uses a trend-indicator value. The SIPRI values are only an
indicator of the volume of international arms transfers and not the actual money values of such
transfers, Thus they are not comparable to economic statistics such as gross domestic product
or export–import figures.
Source: SIPRI arms transfers database.
 INTER NATIONAL AR M S TR ANS F ER S 479

Table 12A.2. The suppliers of major conventional weapons, 1999–2003

The list includes all countries/non-state actors with exports of major conventional weapons in
the period 1999–2003. Ranking is according to the 1999–2003 aggregate exports. Figures are
SIPRI trend-indicator values expressed in US $m. at constant (1990) prices. Figures may not
add up because of the conventions of rounding.

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Supplier 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

1 1 USA 9 977 6 071 4 887 4 279 4 385 29 599

2 2 Russia 3731 4003 5 521 5 963 6 980 26 198
3 3 France 1457 743 1 095 1 324 1 753 6 372
4 4 Germany 1 282 1 261 575 573 1 549 5 240
5 5 UK 967 1 105 968 639 525 4 204
6 6 Ukraine 770 327 631 233 234 2 195
7 7 Italy 426 174 260 511 277 1 648
8 9 China 207 160 347 410 404 1 528
9 8 Netherlands 318 195 188 257 268 1 226
10 13 Canada 130 102 80 316 556 1 184
11 11 Sweden 150 280 432 123 186 1 171
12 10 Belarus 481 261 299 54 60 1 155
13 12 Israel 96 270 232 280 212 1 090
14 25 Uzbekistan – – – 170 510 680
15 16 Norway 6 33 127 203 150 519
16 15 Australia 298 – 42 30 30 400
17 14 Slovakia 141 83 100 47 – 371
18 17 Czech Republic 65 81 90 70 48 354
19 21 Poland 67 43 93 43 89 335
20 19 Georgia 72 54 54 120 – 300
21 18 Spain 29 51 8 57 124 269
22 22 South Korea – 6 198 – 36 240
23 20 Bulgaria 164 4 4 42 18 232
24 23 Kazakhstan 180 16 9 – – 205
25 24 Austria 2 26 22 124 2 176
26 27 Indonesia 60 – 20 70 20 170
27 26 Switzerland 41 44 36 11 35 167
28 31 Turkey 43 21 2 29 61 156
29 28 Belgium 27 2 72 14 6 121
30 29 South Africa 17 19 31 29 23 119
31 30 North Korea – – 64 32 – 96
32 60 Kyrgyzstan – – – – 76 76
33 33 Finland 13 9 12 14 10 58
34 35 Lebanon – – 45 – – 45
35 38 Romania 19 3 – – 22 44
36 43 Libya – – – 11 23 34
37 39 Denmark – 18 – 5 3 26
38 37 Egypt – – 25 – – 25
39 36 Brazil – – – 18 – 18
40 41 India – 16 1 – – 17
41 42 Pakistan – 3 – 8 – 11
42 40 Greece 1 – 9 – – 10
480 M ILITAR Y S P ENDING AND AR M AM ENTS , 2 0 0 3

Rank order

1999– 1998–
2003 2002a Supplier 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999–2003

43 44 Qatar 9 – – – – 9
44 45 Peru – – 4 5 – 9
45 16 Moldova – 3 5 – – 8
46 47 Malaysia 8 – – – – 8
47 48 Serbia and Montenegro – – 7 – – 7
48 49 Taiwan – – 6 – – 6
49 59 Thailand – – – – 5 5
50 51 Argentina – 2 3 – – 5
51 34 Singapore – 1 – 2 – 3
52 52 Lithuania – – – 3 – 3
53 50 Chile 1 1 – 1 – 3
54 53 Croatia – 2 – – – 2
55 54 Bosnia and Herzegovina – – – 2 – 2
55 55 Bahrain – – 2 – – 2
57 56 Uruguay – 1 – – – 1
58 57 Malawi – 1 – – – 1
59 58 Angola – – – 1 – 1
60 32 Kuwait – – – – – –
61 61 Ireland – – – – – –
62 62 Iran – – – – – –
63 63 Eritrea – – – – – –
.. .. Unknown countries b 2 54 5 20 – 81
Total 21 257 15 549 16 611 16 143 18 680 88 240

. . = not available or not applicable.

– = between 0 and 0.5.
a The rank order for suppliers in 1998–2002 differs from that published in the SIPRI

Yearbook 2003 (pp. 470–71) because of subsequent revision of figures for these years.
b One or more unknown supplier(s).

The SIPRI data on arms transfers relate to actual deliveries of major conventional weapons.
To permit comparison between the data on such deliveries of different weapons and identifi-
cation of general trends, SIPRI uses a trend-indicator value. This is an indicator of the volume
of international arms transfers and not the actual money values of such transfers. They are thus
not comparable to economic statistics such as gross domestic product or export–import
figures.
Source: SIPRI arms transfers database.
Appendix 12B. Register of the trade in and licensed production of major
conventional weapons, 2003
BJ Ö RN H A G ELIN , M A RK BRO M LEY and S IEM O N T. WEZEM A N

The register in table 12B.1 lists major weapons on order or under delivery, or for which the licence was bought and production was under way or completed
during 2003. Sources and methods for data collection are explained in appendix 12C. Entries in table 12B.1 are alphabetical, by recipient, supplier and
licenser. ‘Year(s) of deliveries’ includes aggregates of all deliveries and licensed production since the beginning of the contract. ‘Deal worth’ values in the
Comments column refer to real monetary values as reported in sources and not to SIPRI trend-indicator values. Conventions, abbreviations and acronyms are
explained below the table. The data presented are as of March 2003. For current or previous years’ data and for registers of suppliers, contact the SIPRI Arms
Transfers Project via URL <http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/atrequest.html>.

Table 12B.1. Register of transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons, 2003, by recipients

Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/
or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Afghanistan
S: Russia (10) Mi-8T/Hip-C Helicopter (2002) 2002–2003 (10) Ex-Russian; aid; status uncertain

Albania
S: Italy 7 Bell-205/UH-1D Helicopter (2002) .. Ex-Italian; aid; AB-205 version; delivery 2004
7 Bell-206/OH-58 Light helicopter (2002) 2002–2003 (7) Ex-Italian; aid; AB-206C-1 version
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
482

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Algeria
S: Belarus 28 MiG-29S/Fulcrum-C FGA aircraft (1998) 1999–2003 (28) Ex-Belarussian; part of deal incl 8 MiG-29UB
version delivered from Russia via Belarus
Czech Republic 17 L-39Z Albatros Jet trainer aircraft 2001 2002–2003 (17) Deal worth $30 m; L-39ZA version
Russia 42 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2002 2002–2003 (42) Deal worth $180 m; Mi-171Sh armed version
22 Su-24MK/Fencer-D Bomber aircraft 2000 2001–2003 (20) Ex-Russian; deal worth $120 m; probably
modernized before delivery; delivery 2001–2005
3 Drum Tilt Fire control radar (1997) 2000 1 For modernization of 3 Koni Class frigates
3 Plank Shave Air surv radar (1997) 2000 1 For modernization of 3 Nanuchka Class corvettes
6 Pozitiv-ME1.2 Air/sea surv radar (1997) 2000 2 For modernization of 3 Koni Class frigates and
3 Nanuchka (Hamidou) Class corvettes
(96) SS-N-25/Kh-35 Uran Anti-ship missile 1998 2000–2003 (48) For modernized Nanuchka Class corvettes
(24) TEST-71 533mm AS/ASW torpedo (1997) 2000–2003 (16) For modernized Koni Class frigates; desig uncertain
Spain 6 C-295M Transport aircraft 2003 ..
4 C-295MPA ASW/MP aircraft 2003 ..

Angola
S: Peru 6 EMB-312 Tucano Trainer aircraft 2002 .. Ex-Peruvian; deal worth $4.8 m; status uncertain

Argentina
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

S: Netherlands 6 DA-05 Air surv radar (1979) 1985–2003 6 For 6 MEKO-140 Type (Espora Class) frigates
6 WM-28 Fire control radar (1979) 1985–2003 6 For 6 MEKO-140 Type (Espora Class) frigates
USA (216) AIM-9L Sidewinder SRAAM (2001) 2002–2003 (216) For A-4AR FGA aircraft

L: Germany 6 MEKO-140 Type Frigate 1979 1985–2003 6 Argentine desig Espora Class; delivery of last
2 delayed for lack of funding until 2000–2003
Australia
S: Canada 69 Piranha 8x8 APC 1998 2002–2003 (40) ‘Project Land-112 Phase-3’ or ‘ASLAV programme
Phase-3’ worth $180–210 m incl 81 IFV version;
incl 7 ambulance, 11 ARV, 14 CP, 15 radar
reconnaissance and 11 repair version; Australian
desig ASLAV-PC/R/A/C/S/F; assembled in
Australia; delivery 2002–2005
81 Piranha/LAV-25 IFV 1998 2003 (30) ‘Project Land-112 Phase-3’ or ‘ASLAV programme
Phase-3’ worth $180-210 m incl 69 APC version;
Australian desig ASLAV-25; assembled in
Australia; delivery 2003–2005
France 22 AS-665 Tiger Combat helicopter 2001 .. ‘Project Air-87’ worth $670 m (offsets incl
production of components and production of
EC-120 helicopter for Asian market); Aussie Tiger
version; incl 4 from France and 18 assembled in
Australia; delivery 2004–2007
Germany 259 Waran APC 2002 .. ‘Project Land-106 Phase-2’ worth $280 m incl
modernization of 81 M-113A1 to M-113AS3;
Australian M-113A1 APCs rebuilt to Waran;
Australian desig M-113AS4; delivery until 2009
Israel (18) EL/M-2022 MP aircraft radar 1995 2002–2003 (12) Part of ‘Project Air-5276’ worth $372-495 m for
modernization of 18 P-3C ASW/MP aircraft to
AP-3C Sea Sentinel version by US company
(200) MU-90 Impact ASW torpedo 2000 .. ‘Project Djimindi’ worth $88 m or $200 m
Norway (60) Penguin-2 Anti-ship missile 1999 2002–2003 (60) ‘Project Sea-1414 Phase-2’ worth $36-49 m;
Penguin-2 Mod-7 version; for SH-2G helicopters
Sweden 8 9LV Fire control radar (1991) 1996–2003 5 9LV453 version; for 8 MEKO-200ANZ Type (Anzac
Class) frigates; incl for use with Seasparrow SAM
8 Sea Giraffe-150 Air/sea surv radar 1991 1996–2003 5 For 8 MEKO-200ANZ Type (Anzac Class) frigates
.. RBS-70 Mk-2 Portable SAM 2003 .. ‘Project Land-19 Phase-6’ worth $55 m including
launchers and modernization of existing RBS-70
systems and radars; delivery by 2006
USA 4 Boeing-737 AEW AEW&C aircraft 2000 .. ‘Wedgetail’ programme worth $1.6-1.8 b; option on
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

2 more; delivery from 2007

483
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
484

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

7 King Air-350/C-12S Light transport ac 2002 2003 (4) 10-year lease worth $170 m; owned by Australian
company; for training
11 SH-2G Super Seasprite ASW helicopter 1997 2001–2003 (11) Ex-US SH-2F rebuilt to SH-2G(A) version; ‘Project
Sea-1411’ worth $421-600 m (incl $67 m for
10-year support); incl some assembly in Australia
8 Mk-45 127mm/54 Naval gun (1989) 1996–2003 5 Mk-45 Mod-2 version; for 8 MEKO-200ANZ Type
(Anzac Class) frigates
71 AN/APG-73 Combat ac radar 2000 2002–2003 (71) Deal worth A$250 m ($150 m); for modernization of
71 F/A-18 FGA aircraft
8 AN/SPS-49 Air surv radar 1993 1996–2003 5 AN/SPS-49V(8) version; for 8 MEKO-200ANZ
Type (Anzac Class) frigates
.. AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (2003) .. For Tiger combat helicopters; contract not yet signed
(400) AIM-120B AMRAAM BVRAAM (2000) 2001–2003 (400) ‘Project Air-5400’
(676) Javelin Anti-tank missile 2003 .. ‘Project Land-40-1’ worth $60-110 m; delivery
2005–2007
64 RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-ship missile 2002 .. Deal worth $97 m; RGM-84L version; for
MEKO-200ANZ Type (Anzac Class) frigates;
possibly incl Harpoon-1B version
(672) RIM-162 ESSM SAM 2002 .. For MEKO-200ANZ Type (Anzac Class) and
modernized Adelaide (Perry) Class frigates;
delivery probably from 2004
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

L: Germany 8 MEKO-200ANZ Type Frigate 1989 1996–2003 5 Deal worth $2.6 b; Australian desig Anzac Class;
delivery 1996–2006
Sweden 6 Type-471 Submarine 1987 1996–2003 6 Deal worth $2.8 b; Australian desig Collins Class
UK 55 MSTAR Ground surv radar 1999 2002–2003 (25) ‘Project NINOX’ worth $32 m incl 6 delivered direct
Austria
S: Germany 18 Eurofighter/Typhoon FGA aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $2.2 b (offsets worth $4.7 b); delivery
from 2007
UK 3 C-130K Hercules Transport aircraft 2002 2003 3 Ex-UK; deal worth $36 m; modernized before
delivery

Bahrain
S: UK 6 Hawk-100 FGA/trainer aircraft 2003 .. Hawk-129 version; possibly option on 6 more;
delivery 2006
3 T-67 Firefly Trainer aircraft 2002 2003 3 T-67M260 version

Bangladesh
S: Pakistan 19 T-37B Jet trainer aircraft 2003 .. Ex-Pakistani, T-37C version

Belgium
S: USA (92) AN/APG-66 Combat ac radar 1993 1996–2003 (86) For ‘Mid-Life Update’ (MLU) modernization of
92 F-16A/B FGA aircraft to F-16AM/BM
(F-16C/D) version; delivery 1996–2004
(562) BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (562) BGM-71E TOW-2A version

Benin
S: Belgium 2 HS-748 Transport aircraft (2002) 2003 2 Ex-Belgian; aid

Bosnia-Herzegovina
S: Unknown country 5 Mi-24V/Mi-35/Hind-E Combat helicopter 1998 .. Second-hand; aid; possibly in storage in Turkey;
status uncertain

Botswana
S: Switzerland .. Piranha-3 8x8 APC (2002) ..
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
485
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
486

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Brazil
S: Canada 3 IRIS AGS radar 1997 2002–2003 (3) Part of ‘SIVAM’ air-surveilance network; for
EMB-145RS (R-99B) AGS aircraft
France 8 AS-532U2/AS-332L2 Helicopter 2001 2002–2003 (5) Deal worth $160 m; assembled in Brazil; delivery
2002–2004
9 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar (2002) .. Part of deal worth $326 m for modernization of
9 P-3A ASW/MP aircraft to P-3BR version; desig
uncertain; delivery from 2005
(8) MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile (1995) 2002 (1) For Barroso Class frigate
Italy (46) Grifo Combat ac radar 2000 2003 (1) For ‘F-5BR’ modernization programme worth
$285 m of F-5E FGA aircraft to F-5EM/FM version
7 RAN-20S Air/sea surv radar 1995 2001–2003 5 Deal worth $112 m incl 13 RTN-30X radars and
6 Albatros SAM systems; for 1 Barroso Class
frigate and modernization of 6 Niteroi Class
frigates
13 RTN-30X Fire control radar 1995 2001–2003 10 Deal worth $112 m incl 7 RAN-20S radars and
6 Albatros SAM systems; for 1 Barroso Class
frigate and modernization of 6 Niteroi Class
frigates
(53) SCP-01 Scipio Aircraft radar (2003) .. For modernization of 53 AMX A-1 FGA aircraft
(96) Aspide Mk-1 BVRAAM/SAM 1996 2001–2003 (72) Deal worth $49 m; for 6 modernized Niteroi Class
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

frigates
Spain 12 C-295M Transport aircraft 2002 .. ‘CL-X’ programme (part of ‘Phoenix’ programme)
worth $270 m; status uncertain
Sweden 5 PS-890 Erieye AEW aircraft radar 1997 2002–2003 (5) Deal worth $143 m; part of ‘SIVAM’ programme; for
EMB-145AEW&C (R-99A) AEW aircraft
.. Torpedo-2000 AS/ASW torpedo 1999 .. Deal worth $60 m; for Type-209/1400 (Tikuna and
possibly Tupi Class) submarines; status uncertain
USA 9 P-3A Orion ASW/MP aircraft 2002 .. Ex-US; ‘P-X’ programme; modernized in Spain to
P-3BR before delivery; 3 more for spares only
 20 RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-ship missile (1999) .. Deal worth $39 m; possibly AGM-84 version; status
uncertain

L: Germany 1 Type-209/1400 Submarine 1995 .. Brazilian desig Tikuna Class; 1 more planned but
cancelled; delivery 2005/2006

Brunei
S: France (36) MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile 2000 .. For Yarrow-95m Type frigates; MM-40 Block-2
version
Indonesia 3 CN-235MPA MP aircraft (1995) .. Status uncertain
UK (96) Seawolf VL SAM (2001) .. For Yarrow-95m Type frigates
3 Yarrow-95m Type Frigate 1998 .. Bruneian desig Nakhoda Ragam Class; delivery from
2004

Bulgaria
S: Switzerland 1 PC-12 Light transport ac 2003 2003 1 Deal worth $39 m incl 6 PC-9 trainer aircraft
6 PC-9 Trainer aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $39 m incl 1 PC-12 transport aircraft;
delivery 2004

Canada
S: France 6 Sperwer UAV 2003 2003 6 Deal worth $24 m incl 2 ground control stations;
bought for use by Canadian forces in Afghanistan
Italy 15 EH101-400 Helicopter 1998 2001–2003 (15) Deal worth $404-500 m (offsets 108%); for SAR;
Canadian desig CH-149 Cormorant
UK 2 Hawk-100 FGA/trainer aircraft (2002) 2003 (2) For civilian company for training of pilots from
Canadian and other air forces under ‘NATO Flying
Training in Canada’ (NFTC) programme; Hawk
Mk-115 version; Canadian desig CT-155
4 Upholder Class Submarine 1998 2000–2002 3 Ex-UK; lease worth $504 m; in exchange for 8-year
UK use of Canadian bases for training; Canadian
desig Victoria Class; delivery 2000–2004
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
487
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
488

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

USA 2 PC-9/T-6A Texan-2 Trainer aircraft 2002 .. For civilian company for training of pilots from
Canadian and other air forces under ‘NATO Flying
Training in Canada’ (NFTC) programme;
T-6A-1 version; Canadian desig CT-156
Harvard-2
66 Stryker MGS-105 AFSV (2003) .. Deal worth $459 m; delivery 2006–2009; contract not
yet signed
80 AN/APG-73 Combat ac radar 2001 2003 (10) For modernization of 80 CF-18 (F/A-18) FGA
aircraft to CF-18IMP version
47 MSTAR Ground surv radar 2001 2002–2003 (47) Deal worth $13 m; for Piranha-3 APC (artillery fire
conrol version)
.. AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2003 .. Deal worth $80 m; delivery 2004
(288) RIM-162 ESSM SAM 2001 .. For modernized Halifax Class frigates; delivery
2004–2010
12 RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM 2002 .. Deal worth $19 m

L: Switzerland 171 Piranha/LAV-25 IFV (1999) 2002–2003 (160) Incl 71 tank-destroyer, 39 AEV and 47 artillery fire
control version; Canadian desig Kodiak; delivery
2002–2004
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Chile
S: France (8) AS-355/555 Light helicopter (2003) .. Second-hand; modernized before delivery
(16) MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile (2003) .. MM-40 Block-2 version; for modernized Boxer
(Almirante Williams) Class frigate
1 Scorpene Class Submarine 1997 .. ‘Neptune’ programme worth $400-460 m incl 1 from
Spain; Chilean desig Hyatt Class; delivery 2004
Israel (84) Derby BVRAAM (2001) 2002–2003 (84) For modernized F-5E (Tigre-3) FGA aircraft
 Italy .. Black Shark 533mm AS torpedo (2003) .. For Scorpene (Hyatt) Class and modernized
Type-209 (Thomson Class) submarines; contract
not yet signed
Spain 1 Scorpene Class Submarine 1997 .. ‘Neptune’ programme worth $400-460 m incl 1 from
France; Chilean desig Hyatt Class; delivery 2006
UK (24) Seawolf SAM 2003 2003 (24) Ex-UK; part of $35 m deal for 1 Boxer Class frigate
1 Boxer Class Frigate 2003 2003 1 Ex-UK; deal worth $35 m incl Seawolf SAMs;
Chilean desig Alimirante Williams Class
USA 10 F-16C FGA aircraft 2003 .. ‘Caza-2000’ or ‘F-2000’ progamme worth $660 m
(offsets 100%); F-16C Block-50/52 version; incl
4 F-16D version; delivery from 2006–2007

China
S: Russia (4) A-50U Mainstay AEW&C aircraft (2001) .. Ordered after Israel (under US pressure) refused
delivery of ordered AEW&C aircraft; status
uncertain
35 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter (2001) 2002–2003 (35) Mi-17-V5 (Mi-8MTV-5) version
(200) Su-27SK/Flanker-B FGA aircraft 1996 1998–2003 (47) Deal worth $1.5–2.5 b; assembled in China; Chinese
desig J-11; delivery 1998–2007/2008
38 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 2001 2002–2003 38 Deal worth $2 b; Su-30MKK version
24 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 2002 2003 (4) Deal worth $1 b; Su-30MKK2 naval attack version;
delivery 2003–2004
(12) MR-90/Front Dome Fire control radar (2002) .. For 2 Type-052B destroyers
1 Zmei/Sea Dragon MP aircraft radar 2002 2003 (1) For use on balloon for surveillance of Taiwan Strait
(3 720) AA-11 Archer/R-73 SRAAM (1995) 1996–2003 (1 600) For Su-27SK and Su-30MKK FGA aircraft
.. AA-12 Adder/R-77 BVRAAM (2000) 2002–2003 (350) For Su-30MKK and Su-27UBK FGA aircraft;
Chinese desig probably PL-12
.. AS-17/Kh-31A1 Anti-ship missile (1997) 2003 (10) For Su-30MKK, J-8MIIM and/or JH-7 FGA aircraft;
may incl assembly or production in China; status
uncertain
.. AS-17/Kh-31P1 Anti-radar missile (1998) 2001–2003 (120) Incl for Su-30MKK and JH-7A FGA aircraft;
possibly licensed production as KR-1 or YJ-91
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

.. AS-18 Kazoo/Kh-59M ASM (1999) 2003 (10) Incl for Su-30MKK FGA aircraft
489
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(264) SA-17 Grizzly/9M317 SAM (2001) .. SA-N-12/9M317 version for Type-052B and
Sovremmeny Class destroyers; desig uncertain
(212) SA-19 Grisom/9M111 SAM (2002) .. For Kashtan AD system on Sovremenny Class
destroyers
(32) SS-N-22 Sunburn/P-80 Anti-ship missile (2001) .. 3M80MBE version for Sovremenny Class destroyers
.. SS-N-27/3M54E1 Anti-ship missile 2002 .. For modernized and new Kilo Class submarines
8 Kilo Class/Type-636E Submarine 2002 .. Deal worth $1.5-1.6 b; delivery before 2008
2 Sovremenny Class Destroyer 2002 .. Deal worth $1-1.4 b; Type-956EM version; option on
2 more; delivery 2004–2005 or 2006
UK (6) Searchwater AEW aircraft radar 1996 1999 (1) Deal worth $62-66 m; for Y-8 AEW and MP aircraft
or possibly SA-341/Z-8 helicopters and/or Chinese-
developed AEW aircraft based on Il-76 transport
aircraft; status uncertain
Ukraine (1 860) AA-10a/b Alamo/R-27 BVRAAM (1995) 1996–2003 (800) For Su-27SK and Su-30MKK FGA aircraft; some
could be delivered from Russia
(1 860) AA-10c/d Alamo/R-27E BVRAAM (1995) 1996–2003 (800) For Su-27SK and Su-30MKK FGA aircraft

L: France .. AS-365/AS-565 Helicopter 1988 1992–2003 (23) Chinese desig Z-9A or Z-9A-100 Haitun and Z-
9B/C/G; incl Z-9C ASW and WZ-9 anti-tank
versions
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Colombia
S: Spain 2 C-212 Aviocar Transport aircraft 2003 2003 2 Ex-Spanish; aid
2 CN-235 Transport aircraft (2001) 2003 2 Second-hand; deal worth $11 m; CN-235-200
version; for anti-narcotics operations
USA (42) Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter (2000) 2002–2003 (42) Ex-US; deal worth $323 m; part of $1.3 b ‘Plan
Colombia’ anti-narcotics aid; modernized to
UH-1H Huey-2 version before delivery
 5 SA-2-37 Condor Reconnaissance ac 2000 2002–2003 (5) Part of $1.3 b ‘Plan Colombia’ anti-narcotics aid;
SA-2-37B version

Congo , Republic of
S: Italy 3 G-222 Transport aircraft (1989) .. Status uncertain

Côte d’Ivoire
S: Romania 4 SA-330 Puma Helicopter (2002) 2003 4 Deal worth $12 m; IAR-330 version

Czech Republic
S: Italy 72 Grifo Combat ac radar (1998) 2000–2003 (72) Grifo-L version for 72 L-159A FGA/trainer aircraft
2 RAT-31S/L Air surv radar 2002 .. Part of ‘NADGE’ air-surveillance network;
RAT-31DL version
Russia 7 Mi-24V/Mi-35/Hind-E Combat helicopter 2002 2003 7 Payment for Russian debt to Czech Republic
Sweden 14 JAS-39 Gripen FGA aircraft (2003) .. Originally ordered by Sweden but declared surplus;
10-year lease worth $750 m (offsets 150%);
JAS-39C version; incl 2 JAS-39D version; delivery
2005; contract not yet signed
USA (150) AIM-9M Sidewinder SRAAM 2002 2002–2003 (150) Deal worth $35 m; incl for protection of 2002 NATO
summit in Prague; for L-159 FGA/trainer aircraft

Denmark
S: Germany (16) MU-90 Impact ASW torpedo 1999 2001–2003 (12) For Flyvefisken FAC
Switzerland 22 Piranha-3 8x8 APC 2003 .. Deal worth $30 m; Piranha-3C version; incl
11 ambulance version; delivery 2005
UK 14 EH101-400 Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $329 m (offsets incl production of
EH-101 components in Denmark); incl for SAR;
delivery 2004–2006
USA 3 C-130J-30 Hercules Transport aircraft 2000 .. Deal worth $328 m (incl buy-back of 3 Danish
C-130H aircraft by producer); option on 1 more;
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

delivery 2004
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

2 Mk-45 127mm/54 Naval gun 2002 .. Ex-US; deal worth $30 m; modernized to Mk-45
Mod-4 version before delivery; for 2 LSS-FS Type
frigates
(36) RIM-162 ESSM SAM 2002 .. For LSS-FS Type frigates
(180) RIM-7M Sea Sparrow SAM (1994) 1998–2003 (180) For Flyvefisken Class FAC/MCM ships and
modernized Niels Juel Class frigates

Dominican Republic
S: Brazil 10 EMB-314 Super Tucano Trainer aircraft (2001) .. Incl for anti-narcotics operations; status uncertain
USA (11) Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter (2002) 2003 (11) Ex-US; aid; modernized to Huey-2 before delivery
12 Bell-206/OH-58 Light helicopter 2002 2003 12 Ex-US; aid; OH-58C version
(3) S-61R/HH-3E/F Helicopter (2002) .. Ex-US; aid; for SAR; status uncertain
(8) Schweizer-330 Light helicopter (2003) .. Schweizer-333 version; for training

Ecuador
S: Spain 1 CN-235MP Persuader MP aircraft 2003 .. Partly financed by Spain

Egypt
S: China 80 K-8 Karakorum-8 Jet trainer aircraft 1999 2001–2003 (49) Deal worth $345 m; K-8E version; incl 70 assembled
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

or produced in Egypt
Germany 5 Combattante-2 Type FAC(M) (2002) 2002–2003 5 Ex-German; German desig Type-148 or Tiger Class
1 Lüneburg Class Support ship 2002 2003 1 Ex-German
1 Westerwald Class Support ship 2002 .. Ex-German
USA 1 E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft 2001 2003 1 Ex-US; aid; deal worth $25 m incl modernization to
Hawkeye-2000 before delivery
201 M-109A2 Self-propelled gun (2003) 2003 (10) Ex-US; deal worth $77 m; delivery 2003–2005
26 M-270 MLRS MRL 2001 2003 (26) Deal $354 m incl rockets, 3 M-88A2 ARVs and
30 M-577A2 APC/CPs; ‘FMF’ aid
 100 M-1A1 Abrams Main battle tank 1999 2002–2003 (100) Deal worth $564 m; assembled in Egypt
100 M-1A1 Abrams Main battle tank 2001 .. Deal worth $590 m; assembled in Egypt; delivery
2004–2005
125 M-1A1 Abrams Main battle tank 2003 .. Deal worth $227 m; assembled in Egypt; delivery
2005–2008
13 M-88A2 HERCULES ARV 2001 2003 5 Deal worth $73 m; assembled in Egypt
5 AN/APS-145 AEW aircraft radar 1999 .. Deal worth $138 m (plus $36 m for installation) incl
modernization of 1 ex-US E-2C; for modernization
of 5 E-2C AEW&C aircraft to Hawkeye-2000
version; delivery 2004–2007
6 AN/SPS-48 Air surv radar 2001 .. Deal worth $143 m; AN/SPS-48E version; delivery
by 2006
4 Phalanx Mk-15 CIWS 2001 .. Ex-US; deal worth $32 m (incl $31 m for
modernization); modernized before delivery incl
1 to Block-1B version; delivery 2004–2005/2006
414 AIM-9M Sidewinder SRAAM 2003 .. Deal worth $38 m or $50 m; AIM-9M-2 version;
delivery by 2006
(576) FIM-92A Stinger Portable SAM 2000 2002–2003 (576) For Avenger SAM systems
25 RGM-84L Harpoon Anti-ship missile 2003 .. RGM-84L-4 version; land-attack capablity removed
before delivery after Israeli pressure
4 Ambassador Type FAC(M) 2000 .. Deal worth $400 m; Ambassador Mk-3 version;
delivery 2004–2005

L: Finland .. 155-GH-52 Towed gun 1999 2002–2003 (8) Deal worth $17-21 m incl 2 direct delivered;
Egyptian desig 155 EH-52 or E52

Eritrea
S: Russia (8) MiG-29S/Fulcrum-C FGA aircraft (1999) 2001–2003 (8)

Estonia
S: Germany (18) FH-70 Towed gun (2003) 2003 (6) Ex-German; desig uncertain
(160) MILAN Anti-tank missile (2003) 2003 (50) Ex-German; desig uncertain
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

USA 1 AN/TPS-117 Air surv radar 2001 2003 1 Deal worth $12 m; part of ‘BALTNET’ air-
surveillance network

Finland
S: Germany 124 Leopard-2A4 Main battle tank 2002 2003 (62) Ex-German; deal worth $66 m; delivery 2003–2004
2 TRML-CS Air/sea surv radar 2002 .. For 2 Hamina Class FAC; assembled in Finland
Israel 6 Ranger UAV 2003 .. Deal worth $20 m; Ranger-2 version; ordered via
Swiss company; delivery 2005
.. Spike-MR/LR Anti-tank missile 2000 .. Deal worth $30 m; assembled or produced in
Germany; Spike-2.5 version
Multiple sellers 20 NH-90 TTH Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $350 m ($520 m incl support) incl
18 assembled in Finland; supplied by France and
Germany; delivery 2004–2008
Netherlands 2 Scout Sea surv radar 1998 1998–2003 2 For 2 Hamina Class FAC
South Africa .. Umkhonto-1R SAM 2002 .. Deal worth $17 m; for Hamina and T-2000 Class
FAC
Sweden 57 CV-9030 IFV 2000 2002–2003 (25) Deal worth $176 m (offsets incl production of
components in Finland); ‘TA-2000’ project;
delivery 2002–2005
2 9LV Fire control radar (1997) 1998–2003 2 9LV225 version for 2 Hamina Class FAC
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

(4) HARD Air surv radar 2002 .. For ASRAD-R SAM systems
.. RBS-15 Mk-3 Anti-ship missile 2001 .. Deal worth $50 m incl modernization of Finnish
RBS-15 missiles to Mk-3 version; Finnish desig
RBS-15SF-3
(60) RBS-70 Mk-2 Portable SAM 2002 .. For use with ASRAD-R SAM systems

France
S: Israel 3 Eagle UAV 2001 2003 (3) ‘MALE UAV’ programme
Spain 3 CN-235 Transport aircraft 2002 2003 3
 Sweden 4 Giraffe AMB-3D Air surv radar 2001 2003 (2) Deal worth $34 m; delivery 2003–2004
USA 1 E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $894 m incl 2 ordered in 1995 (offsets
worth $440 m incl French production of
components)

Germany
S: Netherlands 8 P-3C Orion Update-2.5 ASW/MP aircraft (2003) .. Ex-Dutch; ‘MPA-2000’ or ‘MPA-R’ programme;
contract not yet signed
3 APAR Multi-function radar (1997) 2003 1 For 3 Sachsen Class (F-124 or Type-124) frigates;
delivery 2003–2006
3 SMART-L Air/sea surv radar (1997) 2003 1 For 3 Sachsen Class (F-124 or Type-124) frigates;
delivery 2003–2005
Sweden 31 Bv-206S APC 2002 2003 (15) Deal worth $12 m; ambulance version; delivery
2003–2004
10 HARD Air surv radar 1998 2001–2003 (10) For Ozelot (LeFlaSys or ASRAD) SAM systems
produced in Germany
.. RBS-15 Mk-3 Anti-ship missile (2003) .. For K-130 Class corvettes; incl assembly in
Germany; contract not yet signed
UK (15) Seaspray-3000 MP aircraft radar (1999) 2002–2003 (9) Part of $125 m modernization of 17 Lynx Mk-88
helicopters to Super Lynx Mk-88A version
USA .. RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM 2001 2003 (10) For Sachsen Class (F-124 or Type-124) frigates

Greece
S: Brazil 4 EMB-145AEW&C AEW&C aircraft 1999 .. Deal worth $476-500 m incl 4 PS-890 Erieye radars
from Sweden; EMB-145H version; delivery via
Sweden to Greece 2004–2005; option on 2 more
Canada 2 CL-415MP MP aircraft 1999 2003 (2) CL-415GR CSAR version; deal worth $380 m incl
8 CL-415GR for fire-fighting
France 4 AS-532UL/AS-332L1 Helicopter 2000 2003 (4) Deal worth $90 m (offsets 100%); AS-532A2 CSAR
version
2 AS-532UL/AS-332L1 Helicopter 2003 .. AS-532A2 CSAR version
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

15 Mirage-2000-5 FGA aircraft 2000 2003 (5) Deal worth $1.4 b incl 200 MICA and 56 SCALP-EG
missiles and modernization of 10 Greek Mirage-
2000EG to Mirage-2000-5; delivery 2003–2004
(8) Sperwer UAV 2002 2003 (4) Deal worth $35 m
(200) MICA BVRAAM 2000 2003 (50) Deal worth $1.4 b incl 15 Mirage-2000-5 FGA
aircraft, 56 SCALP-EG missiles and modernization
of 10 Greek Mirage-2000EG to Mirage-2000-5;
MICA-EM and MICA-IR version
100 MICA BVRAAM (2003) ..
27 MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile 2000 .. Deal worth $55 m (160% offsets); MM-40 Block-2
version; for Super Vita Class FAC; delivery 2001–
2004
(56) Storm Shadow/SCALP ASM 2001 2003 (10) Deal worth $1.4 b incl 15 Mirage-2000-5 FGA
aircraft, 200 MICA missiles and modernization of
10 Greek Mirage-2000EG to Mirage-2000-5;
SCALP-EG version
34 Storm Shadow/SCALP ASM (2003) ..
Germany 60 Eurofighter/Typhoon FGA aircraft (2003) .. Deal worth $4.5-4.9 b; contract not yet signed
24 PzH-2000 155mm Self-propelled gun 2001 2003 (12) Deal worth $164-228 m (offsets 120%) incl 28
ALVs; option on 12 more; delivery 2003–2004
28 PzH-2000 ALV ALV 2001 2003 (14) Deal worth $164-228 m (offsets 120%) incl
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

24 PzH-2000 155mm self-propelled guns; incl

24 ammunition carrier and 4 ammunition loader
version; delivery 2003–2004
12 Buffel APC 2003 .. Deal worth $1.9 b incl 170 Leopard-2HEL tanks and
8 BRPZ-1 ABLs (offsets incl 40% direct);
Leopard-2HEL version; delivery 2005/2006–2009
170 Leopard-2A5 Main battle tank 2003 .. Deal worth $1.9 b incl 12 Buffel ARV and 8 BRPZ-1
ABLs (offsets incl 40% direct); Leopard-2HEL
version; delivery 2006–2009
 (36) AN/APG-65 Combat ac radar 1997 2002–2003 (36) Part of $315-336 m ‘Peace Icarus-2000’
modernization programme of 36 F-4E FGA aircraft
(432) FIM-92C Stinger Portable SAM 2000 2002–2003 (432) Deal worth $134 m incl 54 ASRAD SAM systems
(350) IRIS-T SRAAM (2003) .. Contract not yet signed; delivery possibly from 2004
(126) RIM-116A RAM SAM (2003) .. Deal worth $25 m incl 3 launchers; for 3 Super Vita
Class FAC
1 Type-214 Submarine 2000 .. Deal worth $0.9-1.3 b incl 2 licensed production
(offsets 115%); Greek desig Katsonis Class;
delivery 2005
Italy 12 C-27J Spartan Transport Aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $312 m (offsets 360%); delivery
2004–2005
1 RAT-31S/L Air surv radar (2002) .. Part of ‘NADGE’ air-surveillance network;
RAT-31DL version
Multiple sellers 20 NH-90 TTH Helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $700 m (offsets 120%); to be delivered
from France and/or Germany; option on 14 more;
delivery by 2010
Netherlands (7) LIROD Fire control radar 2000 2003 (3) For 3 Super Vita Class and 4 Osprey-55 Type
(Pyrpolitis Class) FAC
6 MIRADOR Air surv system 2003 .. For modernization of 6 Kortenaer (Elli) Class frigates
3 MW-08 Air surv radar 2000 2003 1 For 3 Super Vita Class FAC
3 STING Fire control radar 2000 2003 1 For 3 Super Vita Class FAC
3 Scout Sea surv radar 2000 .. For 3 Super Vita Class FAC
6 Scout Sea surv radar 2003 .. For modernization of 6 Kortenaer (Elli) Class frigates
(7) Variant Air/sea surv radar 2000 2003 (3) For 3 Super Vita Class and 4 Osprey-55 Type
(Pyrpolitis Class) FAC
2 Kortenaer Class Frigate 2002 2003 1 Ex-Dutch; deal worth $55 m; Greek desig Elli Class
Russia 19 SA-15/9A331 Tor-M1 Mobile SAM system (2002) .. Deal worth $400 m or $700 m incl missiles; status
uncertain
1 100 AT-14/9M133 Kornet Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (550) Deal worth $95 m
(323) SA-15 Gauntlet/9M338 SAM (2002) .. Deal worth $400 m or $700 m incl 19 SA-15/9A331
Tor-M1 SAM systems; status uncertain
1 Pomornik Class ACV/landing craft 2002 .. Deal worth $64 m; Greek desig Kefallinia Class;
delivery 2004
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Sweden (6) ARTHUR Arty locating radar 2002 .. Deal worth $43-44 m; delivery 2004
2 Ericsson SLAR AGS radar (1998) 2003 (2) For 2 CL-415MP MP aircraft
4 PS-890 Erieye AEW aircraft radar 1999 .. For 4 EMB-145H AEW aircraft delivered from
Brazil; deal worth $476-500 m incl aircraft; option
on 2 more; delivery 2004–2005
UK 1 Qahir Class Corvette (2002) .. Deal worth $415 m; modified version; option on
1 more; contract not yet signed
USA 4 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $680-703 m (offsets worth $845 m) incl
8 AH-64D without Longbow radar; option on
4 more; delivery 2007
8 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $680-703 m (offsets worth $845 m) incl
4 AH-64D with Longbow radar; option on 4 more;
delivery 2007
2 C-130H Hercules Transport aircraft 2002 2003 (2) Ex-Italian aircraft sold back to US producer and sold
to Greece
50 F-16C FGA aircraft 2000 2003 (35) ‘Peace Xenia-3’ deal worth $2.1 b; F-16CG
Block-52+ version; incl 16 F-16DG version;
delivery 2003–2004
10 F-16C FGA aircraft 2001 .. ‘Peace Xenia-3’ deal worth $183 m; F-16CG Block-
52+ version; incl 4 F-16DG version; delivery 2004
45 PC-9/T-6A Texan-2 Trainer aircraft 1999 2000–2003 (45) Deal worth $223-240 m (offsets 120% incl
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

production of parts for 300 T-6A); T-6A Texan-2

version; incl 20 T-6B armed version; option on
5 more
2 S-70B/SH-60B Seahawk ASW helicopter 2000 2003 (2) S-70B-6 Aegean Hawk version
2 S-70B/SH-60F Seahawk ASW helicopter (2003) .. Deal worth $107 m; S-70B-6 Aegean Hawk version
(6) Patriot SAM system 1999 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $1.1 b (offsets 120%)
2 Phalanx Mk-15 CIWS 2002 .. Ex-US; Phalanx Block-1A version; delivery 2004
.. AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM (2003) .. Deal worth $53 for 106 AIM-120C-5 version for
Greece and Sweden; delivery by 2005
 .. FIM-92A Stinger Portable SAM 2001 2003 (100) Part of deal worth $89 m for 1007 missiles for
Greece, Italy and UK; delivery 2003–2004
.. MIM-104 PAC-3 SAM (1999) .. For Patriot SAM systems
.. RIM-162 ESSM SAM (2003) .. For modernized Kortenaer (Elli) Class

L: Denmark 4 Osprey-55 Type Patrol craft 1999 2003 (2) Deal worth $208 m; Greek desig Pyrpolitis Class or
Hellenic-56 Type
Germany 2 Type-214 Submarine 2000 .. Deal worth $0.9-1.3 b incl 1 direct delivered (offsets
115%); Greek desig Katsonis Class; delivery 2008–
2009
1 Type-214 Submarine 2002 .. Deal worth $700 m incl modernization of 3 Greek
Type-209 submarines; delivery 2009/2010
Italy 1 Etna Class Support ship 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $128 m; Greek desig Prometheus
UK 2 Super Vita type FAC(M) 2003 .. Deal worth $310 m; Greek desig Rousen Class
3 Super Vita type FAC(M) 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $324 m; Greek desig Rousen Class;
delivery 2003–2004

Hungary
S: Italy 3 RAT-31S/L Air surv radar 2002 .. Part of ‘NADGE’ air-surveillance network;
RAT-31DL version
Sweden 14 JAS-39 Gripen FGA aircraft 2001 .. Ex-Swedish; modernized before delivery to
JAS-39EBS HU (NATO) version; 10-year lease
worth $924 m (offsets 110%); to be bought after
lease; incl 2 JAS-39D version; delivery 2006

India
S: France 10 Mirage-2000E FGA aircraft 2000 2003 (5) Deal worth $312-353 m; Mirage-2000H version; incl
6 Mirage-2000TH version; Indian desig Vajra;
delivery 2003–2004
(36) SM-39 Exocet Anti-ship missile (2003) .. Deal worth $150 m; for Scorpene submarines;
contract not yet signed
Israel (25) Heron-2 UAV (2001) 2002–2003 (15) Possibly incl for MP
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

(8) Searcher UAV UAV 2002 2003 (8) Searcher-2 version

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Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(2) EL/M-2032 Combat ac radar (1999) .. For 2 Jaguar-IM (Maritime Jaguar) FGA aircraft
3 EL/M-2075 Phalcon AEW aircraft radar (2003) .. For modification of 3 Il-76 transport aircraft to
A-50EhI AEW&C aircraft; delivery 2007–2009
(2) EL/M-2221 Fire control radar (2001) 2002–2003 (2) Deal worth $260-280 m incl Barak SAM and
launchers; for 1 modernized Viraat Class aircraft
carrier and 1 modernized Godavari Class frigate
3 EL/M-2221 Fire control radar (2002) 2003 (1) For 3 Delhi Class destroyers; for use with Barak
SAM
2 EL/M-2221 Fire control radar (2003) .. Deal worth $100 m incl Barak SAMs and launchers;
for modernization of 2 Godavari Class frigates; for
use with Barak SAM; contract probably not yet
signed
2 Green Pine Air surv radar 2002 ..
(48) Barak SAM (2001) 2002–2003 (48) Deal worth $260-280 m incl launchers and radars; for
modernized Viraat Class aircraft carrier and
Godavari Class frigate
(72) Barak SAM (2002) 2003 (24) For Delhi Class destroyers
(48) Barak SAM (2003) .. Deal worth $100 m incl launchers and radars; for
modernized Godavari Class frigates; contract
probably not yet signed
Italy 9 Seaguard TMX Fire control radar 1993 2000–2002 6 For 3 Brahmaputra Class (Project-16A) frigates
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

(36) A244/S 324mm ASW torpedo (1993) 2000–2003 (24) For Brahmaputra Class (Project-16A) frigates;
possibly produced in India as NST-58
Kyrgyzstan 19 MiG-21PFM/Fishbed-F Fighter aircraft 2003 2003 (19) Ex-Kyrgyz; MiG-21UM trainer version
Netherlands 4 DA-05 Air surv radar (1989) 1995–2002 (3) For modernization of 1 Viraat Class aircraft carrier
and for 3 Brahmaputra Class (Project-16A) frigates;
incl assembly in India; Indian desig RAWS,
RAWS-03 or PFN-513
7 LW-08 Air surv radar (1989) 1997–2002 (6) For modernization of 1 Viraat Class aircraft carrier
and for 3 Delhi Class (Project-15) destroyers and
 3 Brahmaputra Class (Project-16A) frigates; incl
assembly in India; Indian desig RALW, RAWL-2
or PLN-517
(9) ZW-06 Sea surv radar (1989) 1997–2002 (8) For modernization of 1 Viraat Class aircraft carrier
and for 3 Delhi Class (Project-15) destroyers and
3 Brahmaputra Class (Project-16A) frigates; incl
assembly in India; Indian desig Rashmi
Poland 80 WZT-3 ARV 2002 2002–2003 (54) Deal worth $60-75 m; incl 40 assembled in India;
Indian desig ARV-3; option on 120 more; delivery
2002–2004
Russia 2 Il-38/May ASW/MP aircraft (2002) .. Ex-Russian; donation to replace 2 lost
4 Ka-31/Helix AEW helicopter 1999 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $92 m
5 Ka-31/Helix AEW helicopter 2001 2003 (5) Deal worth $108 m
(3) Ka-31/Helix AEW helicopter (2003) ..
6 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2003 2003 1 For Border Guard use in Jammu and Kashmir;
delivery 2003–2004
16 MiG-29K/Fulcrum-D FGA aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $700 m; for use on Gorshkov Class
aircraft carrier; incl 4 MiG-29KUB version;
delivery 2007–2008; contract not yet signed
40 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 1996 1997–2003 40 Deal worth $1.6–1.8 b; Su-30MKI version; ordered
while still being developed; first 16 delivered as
Su-30K to be modified to Su-30MKI after delivery
10 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 1998 .. Su-30MKI version; ordered while still being
developed; delivery 2004
(4) 140mm RL Naval MRL (1992) 1997 (2) For 2 Magar Class landing ships; desig uncertain
310 T-90S Main battle tank 2001 2001–2003 184 Deal worth $600-700 m (incl 55% advance payment);
ordered as reaction on Pakistani acquisition of
320 T-80UB tanks; incl 124 assembled in India;
delivery 2001–2004/2005
(125) Kopyo Combat ac radar 1996 2001–2003 (53) Part of deal worth $428-626 m for modernization of
up to 125 MiG-21bis fighter aircraft to MiG-
21UPG (MiG-21I or MiG-21-93) version; option
on 50 more; delivery 2001–2004/2005
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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502

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(27) Zmei/Sea Dragon MP aircraft radar 2000 .. For modernization of 8 Tu-142M ASW/MP aircraft
to Tu-142J and 5 Il-38 ASW/MP aircraft to Il-38SD
(Il-38 modernization worth $205 m) and some
14 Ka-28 ASW helicopters
(48) 53-65K 533mm AS torpedo (1997) 1997–2003 (48) For Kilo (Sindhughosh) Class submarines and Talwar
Class frigates
(1 140) AA-10c/d Alamo/R-27E BVRAAM 1996 1997–2003 (350) For Su-30MKI FGA aircraft
(3 900) AA-11 Archer/R-73 SRAAM (1996) 1997–2003 (700) For Su-30MKI FGA and MiG-21UPG fighter aircraft
and possibly for MiG-29 fighter and modernized
MiG-27ML FGA aircraft
(750) AA-12 Adder/R-77 BVRAAM (2000) 2002–2003 (150) For Su-30MKI FGA aircraft and MiG-21UPG fighter
aircraft and possibly for MiG-29 fighter and
modernized MiG-27ML FGA aircraft
(1 440) AT-16/9M120 Anti-tank missile (2000) 2002–2003 (960) For Mi-17 helicopters
150 SA-12b Giant/9M82 SAM (2002) .. Deal worth $1.5 or $2.5 b incl 4 SA-12 SAM
systems; contract probably not yet signed
(108) SA-17 Grizzly/9M317 SAM (2000) 2003 (108) SA-N-12/9M317 version for Talwar Class frigates
(2 500) SA-18 Grouse/Igla Portable SAM 2001 2001–2003 (2 500) Deal worth $32-50 m
(288) SA-19 Grisom/9M111 SAM (2002) .. SA-N-11/9M311 version for 6 Kashtan AD/SAM
systems on 1 Gorshkov Class aircraft carrier;
contract not yet signed
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

(288) SA-19 Grisom/9M111 SAM (1997) 2003 (288) SA-N-11/9M311 version for Kashtan AD/SAM
systems on 3 Talwar Class frigates
(27) SET-65E 533mm ASW torpedo (1993) 1997–2003 (27) For Delhi Class (Project-15) destroyers and Talwar
Class frigates
(416) SS-N-25/Kh-35 Uran Anti-ship missile (1992) 1997–2003 (360) For Delhi Class (Project-15) and modernized
Kashin-2 (Rajput) Class destroyers, Brahmaputra
Class (Poject-16A) frigates, Kora Class (Project-
25A) corvettes and Tarantul-1 (Vibhuti) Class FAC
 (192) SS-N-27/3M54E1 Anti-ship missile (1998) 2001–2003 (68) For Talwar and Bangalore Class frigates and Kilo
Class (incl modernized) submarines
1 Gorshkov Class Aircraft-carrier (2003) .. Ex-Russian; deal worth $650 m for modernization
and modification to conventional take off/landing
(CTOL) carrier before delivery; Indian desig
Vikramaditya Class; delivery 2008
3 Talwar Class Frigate 1997 2003 (3) Deal worth $0.8–1 b; Russian desig Type-1135.6;
ordered due to problems with Indian production of
major warships; delivery delayed from 2001–2002
to 2003–2004 due to financial problems of
producer and technical problems with ships
UK 2 Harrier T-4 FGA/trainer aircraft 1997 2003 (2) Ex-UK; modernized before delivery
66 Hawk-100 FGA/trainer aircraft (2003) .. ‘Advanced Jet Trainer’ (AJT) programme worth
$1.7 b; incl production in India; Hawk Mk-132
version; delivery 2006–2009; contract not yet
signed
USA 8 AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder Arty locating radar 2002 2003 2 Deal worth $142 m incl 4 ordered 2003; orginally
planned for 1998 but embargoed by USA after
Indian nuclear tests in 1998; AN/TPQ-37(V)3
version
(4) AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder Arty locating radar (2003) .. Deal worth $142 m incl 6 ordered 2002;
AN/TPQ-37(V)3 version
Ukraine 8 MiG-21PFM/Fishbed-F Fighter aircraft 2003 2003 (8) Ex-Ukrainian; MiG-21UM trainer version
(1 140) AA-10a/b Alamo/R-27 BVRAAM (1996) 1997–2003 (420) For Su-30MKI FGA aircraft; desig uncertain
Uzbekistan 3 Il-76M/Candid-B Transport aircraft 2003 .. Ordered via Russia; for modification to A-50EhI
AEW&C aircraft in Israel; delivery from 2006;
contract not yet signed
6 Il-78M/Midas Tanker aircraft 2001 2003 (6) Deal worth $150 m; Il-78MK version

L: France .. MILAN Anti-tank missile (1981) 1984–2003 (52 500) MILAN-2 version; incl for BMP-2 IFVs
6 Scorpene Class Submarine (2003) .. ‘Project-75’ worth $1.8-2.1 b; delivery possibly
2010–2016; contract not yet signed
Germany 47 Do-228MP MP aircraft 1983 1993–2003 (35) Incl 11 for Coast Guard
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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504

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Russia 140 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 2000 .. Deal worth $3-4.2 b; Su-30MKI version; for delivery
2007–2017/18
.. AT-5 Spandrel/9M113 Anti-tank missile (1988) 1992–2003 (5 300) For BMP-2 IFVs; ordered from Soviet Union and
produced under Russian licence after break-up of
Soviet Union
UK 17 Jaguar International FGA aircraft 1999 2003 (2) Jaguar International-IT version; for night-attack role;
possibly incl 2 Jaguar-IM (Jaguar Maritime
version); Indian desig Shamsher
20 Jaguar International FGA aircraft (2000) .. Jaguar International-IS version; Indian desig
Shamsher; delivery until 2007
1 Magar Class Landing ship (1996) ..

Indonesia
S: France (13) AS-332B Super Puma Helicopter 1997 2001–2003 (13) NAS-332 version; assembled in Indonesia; incl 6 for
CSAR; 3 more ordered for VIP transport
15 EC-120B Colibri Light helicopter (2000) 2002–2003 (15) For training
3 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar 2001 2002 (1) Deal worth $50 m; for 3 CN-235MPA aircraft
produced in Indonesia
Israel .. Heron-2 UAV (2002) .. Possibly for MP
Netherlands 4 LIROD Fire control radar (1994) 2000–2003 (3) Deal worth $42 m incl 4 Variant radars; for 4 PB-57
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Type (Todak Class) patrol craft

2 LIROD Fire control radar (2003) .. For 2 Sigma-90 Type frigates
2 MW-08 Air surv radar (2003) .. For 2 Sigma-90 Type frigates
4 Variant Air/sea surv radar (1999) 2000–2003 (3) Deal worth $42 m incl 4 LIROD radars; for 4 PB-57
Type (Singa Class) patrol craft
2 Sigma-90 Type Frigate (2003) .. Delivery 2007
Russia (16) Mi-2/Hoplite Light helicopter 2002 2003 2 Possibly ex-Russian
 2 Mi-24V/Mi-35/Hind-E Combat helicopter 2003 2003 2 Deal worth $193-197 m incl 2 Su-30MK and
2 Su-27SK combat aircraft (incl $26 m cash and
rest barter)
(8) Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2002 2003 (8) Deal worth $11-12 m incl 2 Mi-2 helicopters
4 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter (2003) .. Mi-17 version; delivery 2004
2 Su-27SK/Flanker-B FGA aircraft 2003 2003 2 Possibly ex-Russian Su-27 modernized to
Su-27SMK; deal worth $193-197 m incl
2 Su-30MK combat aircraft and 2 Mi-35 combat
helicopters (incl $26 m cash and rest barter)
2 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 2003 2003 2 Deal worth $193-197 m incl 2 Su-27SK combat
aircraft and 2 Mi-35 combat helicopters (incl $26 m
cash and rest barter); orginally 20 ordered 1997 but
cancelled after 1997 financial crisis and renewed
2003; option on 8-18 more
(24) AT-6 Spiral/9M114 Anti-tank missile 2003 2003 (24) For Mi-35P combat helicopters; desig uncertain
(16) SA-16 Gimlet/Igla-1 Portable SAM 2003 2003 (16) For Mi-35P combat helicopters; desig uncertain
South Korea 7 KT-1 Woong-Bee Trainer Aircraft 2001 2003 7 Deal worth $60 m (offsets for Korean order for
CN-235 transport aircraft); KT-1B version; option
on 13 more; delivery from 2003
USA 16 AN/APG-66 Combat ac radar 1996 1999 10 For 16 Hawk-200 FGA aircraft; status of last 6 after
being embargoed by USA

L: Germany 4 PB-57 Type Patrol craft 1993 2000–2003 (3) Deal worth $260 m; PB-57 NAV-5 version;
Indonesian desig Todak Class; delivery 2000–2004
Spain 6 C-212MP Aviocar MP aircraft 1996 .. ‘On Top-2’ programme; NC-212-200MP version;
status uncertain

Iran
S: China 14 Y-7 Transport aircraft 1996 1998–2003 (5) Delivery 1998 and 2003–2006
Russia (20) Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2001 2002–2003 (20) Deal worth $150 m; Mi-171Sh version
(540) AT-6 Spiral/9M114 Anti-tank missile (1999) 2000–2003 (540) For Mi-171Sh helicopters; possibly incl AT-9 version
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

L: China .. FL-6 Anti-ship missile (2000) 2002–2003 (35) Iranian desig Fajr-e Darya; incl for use on
SH-3D helicopters
Russia (1 420) BMP-2 IFV (1991) 1994–2003 (495) Deal worth $2.2 b for 1500 BMP-2 IFVs and 1000
T-72 tanks; probably incl some delivered direct
(874) T-72S1 Main battle tank (1996) 1997–2003 (490) Deal worth $2.2 b for 1500 BMP-2 IFVs and 1000
T-72 tanks; probably incl some delivered direct
.. AT-3 Sagger/9M14M Anti-tank missile (1995) 1996–2003 (2 000) Iranian desig RAAD; incl I-RAAD version
.. AT-4 Spigot/9M111 Anti-tank missile 2000 2001–2003 (400)
.. AT-5 Spandrel/9M113 Anti-tank missile (1998) 1999–2003 (600) Iranian desig Towsan-1

Ireland
S: Switzerland 8 PC-9 Trainer aircraft (2002) .. Deal worth $63 m; armed PC-9M version; delivery
2004
25 Piranha-3 8x8 APC (2002) 2003 (5) Piranha-3H version; incl 4 CP and 1 ambulance
version
USA 36 Javelin Anti-tank missile 2003 .. Deal worth $12.5 m

Israel
S: Germany (17) G-115T Acro Trainer aircraft 2002 2002–2003 (17) Owned and operated by civilian company for Israeli
armed forces; G-120A-I version; Israeli desig
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Snunit
2 Patriot SAM system 2002 2003 2 Ex-German; 2-year loan in reaction to possible war in
Middle East
(100) DM2A3 Seahake AS/ASW torpedo 1999 2000–2003 (100) Deal worth $65 m; financed by US ‘FMF’ aid; for
Dolphin Class submarines
128 MIM-104 Patriot SAM 2002 2003 128 Ex-German; 2-year loan in reaction to possible war in
Middle East
 USA (8) AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $509 m incl modernization of 4 Israeli
AH-64A to AH-64D; Israeli desig Sharaf; option
on 6 more; delivery 2005
50 F-16I FGA aircraft 1999 .. ‘Peace Marble-5’ deal worth $2.5 b (offsets 25%);
financed by USA; Israeli desig Suefa; delivery
2004–2005
52 F-16I FGA aircraft 2001 .. ‘Peace Marble-5’ deal worth $2 b (incl $1.3 b for
aircraft and $300 m for engines; offsets worth
$800 m); Israeli desig Suefa; delivery 2006–
2008/2009
4 Gulfstream-5 Transport aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $473 m incl option on 2 more; modified
in Israel to AEW aircraft
3 Gulfstream-5 Transport aircraft 2001 2003 (1) Deal worth $174–206 m; modified in Israel to ELINT
aircraft
8 King Air B200/C12 Light transport ac 2001 2002–2003 (8) B200CT version; modified in Israel for SIGINT;
Israeli desig Zufit-3
6 King Air B200/C12 Light transport ac 2002 2003 (6) B200CT version; for training; Israeli desig Zufit-5
(4) AN/APG-78 Longbow Combat ac radar 2001 .. Deal worth $509 m (financed by USA); for
modernization of 4 Israeli AH-64A helicopter to
AH-64D
(480) AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (2000) .. For AH-64D helicopters
48 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2001 2003 48
2 030 BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2002 2003 (1 000) Deal worth $80 m
.. BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2002 .. Part of deal worth $52 m for 1689 TOW-2A/2B
version and training missiles for Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Luxembourg and Spain
40 Popeye-1 ASM 2001 2002–2003 (40) Deal worth $31 m; AGM-142F-1/2 versions;
designed by Israel but produced in and bought from
USA to use US ‘FMF’ aid for financing

Italy
S: France (83) MO-120-RT-61 120mm Mortar (1998) 2000–2003 (83)
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

18 Igunae/Varan MP aircraft radar (1994) 1997–2003 (18) For modernization of 18 Atlantic-1 ASW/MP aircraft
507
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Germany 70 PzH-2000 155mm Self-propelled gun 2002 2003 (2) Deal worth $455-510 m; incl 68 assembled in Italy;
delivery 2003–2008
(444) IRIS-T SRAAM (2003) .. Contract not yet signed
Sweden 112 Bv-206S APC 2003 .. Deal worth $68 m; offsets for Swedish NH-90
helicopter order; delivery 2004–2007
34 Bv-206S APC 2003 .. Deal worth $29 m incl 12 Bv-206 unarmoured
vehicles (offsets for Swedish NH-90 helicopter
order)
UK (200) Storm Shadow/SCALP ASM 1999 2003 (5)
USA 34 F-16(ADF) FGA aircraft 2001 2003 (17) Ex-US; ‘Peace Ceasar’ lease worth $760 m until
Eurofighter enters service in 2010;
F-16A Block-15ADF version; incl 4 F-16B version;
modernized before delivery; 4 more delivered for
spares only; delivery 2003–2004
4 KC-767 Tanker/transport ac 2002 .. Deal worth $619 m (offsets worth up to $1.1 b);
option on 2 more; delivery 2005–2008
2 AN/FPS-117 Air surv radar 2002 .. AN/TPS-117 version
233 AIM-120B AMRAAM BVRAAM 1997 2000–2003 (233) Deal worth $116 m; for AV-8B+ FGA aircraft
.. FIM-92A Stinger Portable SAM 2001 2003 (100) Part of deal worth $89 m for 1007 missiles for
Greece, Italy and UK; delivery 2003–2004
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

L: Germany 2 Type-212 Submarine 1997 .. Italian desig Todaro Class; option on 2 more;
delivery 2004–2005

Japan
S: France 8 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar 1996 .. For modernization of 8 US-1A MP aircraft
2 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar (2001) 2003 (1) For 2 Gulfstream-5 MP aircraft delivered from USA
Italy 5 127mm/54 Naval gun (1999) .. For 5 Takanami Class frigates
 UK 14 EH101-400 Helicopter (2003) .. ‘MCH-X’ programme worth $518 m; incl for mine-
sweeping
USA (60) AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2001 .. ‘AH-X’ programme; incl assembly in Japan, delivery
from 2005
(21) BAe-125-800 Light transport ac 1995 1997–2003 (17) ‘H-X’ programme; RH-800 version; for SAR;
Japanese desig U-125A
2 Gulfstream-5 Transport aircraft 2001 2003 (1) Deal worth $100 m; for Coast Guard long-range MP
incl against piracy in South-East Asia
4 KC-767 Tanker/transport ac 2003 .. ‘KC-X’ programme; delivery 2007–2010
(20) King Air-350/C-12S Light transport ac 1997 1999–2003 (5) Incl for reconnaissance; Japanese desig LR-2
(90) M-270 MLRS MRL 1993 1995–2003 (81) Assembled in Japan
(13) AN/APS-145 AEW aircraft radar 2000 .. For modernization of E-2C AEW&C aircraft;
delivery from 2004
6 AN/SPG-62 Fire control radar (2002) .. For 2 Improved Kongou Class destroyers
2 AN/SPY-1D Air surv radar 2002 .. For 2 Improved Kongou Class destroyers
(34) Phalanx Mk-15 CIWS (1993) 1996–2003 28 For 9 Murasame and 5 Takanami Class frigates and 3
Oosumi Class AALS; incl some Block-1B version
.. BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2002 2003 (100) Part of deal worth $52 m for 1689 TOW-2A/2B
version and training missiles for Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Luxemburg and Spain
.. MIM-104 PAC-3 SAM (2003) .. Part of $6.5-9.3 b anti-ballistic missile defence
system; delivery 2006/2007–2011; contract not yet
signed
.. RIM-66/SM-3 SAM (2003) .. SM-3 Block-1 version; for Kongou Class destroyers;
part of $6.5-9.3 b anti-ballistic missile defence
system; contract not yet signed
16 RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM 2001 2003 16 Deal worth $27 m; possibly Block-3B version
(16) RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM (2001) 2003 16 Deal worth $27 m; Block-3A version
16 RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM (2002) .. Deal worth $24 m, Block-3A version
(336) RIM-7M Sea Sparrow SAM 1993 1996–2003 (235) For Murasame and Takanami Class frigates

L: France .. MO-120-RT-61 120mm Mortar 1992 1993–2003 (348) Incl for use with Type-96 mortar carrier
USA 79 CH-47D Chinook Helicopter 1986 1988–2003 (63) CH-47J and CH-47JA versions
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

(64) S-70/UH-60J Blackhawk Helicopter 1988 1991–2003 (45)

509
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(80) S-70/UH-60J Blackhawk Helicopter 1995 1998–2003 (24) UH-60JA version; deal worth $2.7 b
101 S-70B/SH-60J Seahawk ASW helicopter 1988 1991–2003 (99)
(27) Sea Vue MP aircraft radar 1992 1995–2003 (23) For 27 BAe-125-800/RH-800 (U-125A) SAR aircraft

Jordan
S: France 6 EC-135/EC-635 Helicopter 2003 2003 (6) EC-635T-1 version; for border patrol; option on
7 more
Netherlands 18 MOBAT 105mm Self-propelled gun 2003 .. Deal worth $19 m; option on 20 more; delivery 2004
South Africa (100) Ratel-20 IFV 2002 2003 (100) Ex-South African
Spain 2 C-295M Transport aircraft 2003 2003 2 Deal worth $45 m
Turkey 100 AIFV-APC APC 2003 .. Deal worth $42 m; assembled in Jordan; delivery
2004–2006
UK (288) Challenger Main battle tank 1999 1999–2003 (288) Ex-UK; Jordanian desig Al Hussein
100 Challenger Main battle tank 2002 2003 (50) Ex-UK; aid, partly for Jordanian support in war
against Iraq; Jordanian desig Al Hussein
USA (17) F-16A FGA aircraft 2003 2003 (6) Ex-US; F-16A Block-15 version; aid as reward for
Jordanian support against Iraq; modernized for
$370 m to F-16MLU after delivery with equipment
supplied from USA
(562) BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (562) BGM-71E TOW-2A version
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

.. BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2002 .. Part of deal worth $52 m for 1689 TOW-2A/2B
version and training missiles for Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Luxemburg and Spain
110 Javelin Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (110) Deal worth $12 m incl 30 launchers

Kazakhstan
S: Russia (38) Su-27S/Flanker-B Fighter aircraft (1995) 1996–2003 (26) Ex-Russian; payment for Russian debt to Kazakhstan
Kuwait
S: China (24) PZL-45 155mm Self-propelled gun 2001 2002–2003 (24) Deal worth $200 m incl PCV-45 ALV, Type-84
(Type-653) ARV and ZCY-45 and ZCL-45 (Type
YW-531H) APC/CP
(24) PCZ-45 ALV 2001 2002 (12) Deal worth $200 m incl 24 PZL-45 155mm self-
propelled guns and Type-84 (Type-653) ARV and
ZCY-45 and ZCL-45 (Type YW-531H) APC/CP
(4) Type YW-531/Type-85 APC 2001 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $200 m incl 24 PZL-45 155mm self-
propelled guns and PCZ-45 ALV and Type-84
(Type-653) ARV; ZCY-45 and ZCL-45 version
(1) Type-653 ARV 2001 2003 (1) Deal worth $200 m incl 24 PZL-45 155mm self-
propelled guns and PCV-45 ALV and ZCY-45 and
ZCL-45 (Type YW-531H) APC/CP
USA 8 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2002 .. Deal worth $868 m incl 8 AH-64D with Longbow
radar ($2.1 b incl training, AGM-114 missiles,
spares and support); delivery 2005–2008
8 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2002 .. Deal worth $868 m incl 8 AH-64D without Longbow
radar ($2.1 b incl training, AGM-114 missiles,
spares and support); delivery 2005–2008
1 LASS Air surv radar 2003 .. Deal worth $85 m
384 AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile 2002 .. Deal worth $868 m incl 16 AH-64D helicopters

Kyrgyzstan
S: Russia 2 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter (2003) 2003 2 Second-hand; modernized before delivery; Mi-17
version

Latvia
S: Norway 1 Vidar Class Minelayer 2002 2003 1 Ex-Norwegian
Poland 5 BLG-60 ABL 2003 2003 5 Ex-Polish; aid
USA 1 AN/TPS-117 Air surv radar 2001 2003 1 Deal worth $13 m; part of ‘BALTNET’ air-
surveillance network
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Unknown country 2 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter (2003) .. Mi-8MTV-1 version; delivery 2004

Lithuania
S: Germany (3) TRML-CS Air/sea surv radar 2002 ..
USA 60 FIM-92A Stinger Portable SAM 2002 .. Deal worth $31 m; incl 8 launchers and 2 radars
75 Javelin Anti-tank missile 2001 .. Deal worth $10 m; delivery 2004

Luxembourg
S: USA (50) BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2002 2003 (50) Part of deal worth $52 m for 1689 TOW-2A/2B
version and training missiles for Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Luxemburg and Spain

Malaysia
S: France 6 AS-555UN Fennec Light helicopter 2001 2003 (3) Deal worth $38 m
40 SM-39 Exocet Anti-ship missile 2002 .. For Scorpene submarines; delivery 2007–2008
1 Agosta Class Submarine 2002 .. Ex-French; modernized before delivery; incl for
4-year training of Malaysians in France; delivery
probably 2003
1 Scorpene Class Submarine 2002 .. Deal worth $947 m-$1.1 b (incl over 50% barter) incl
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

1 delivered by Spain; delivery 2007

Germany 6 TRS-3D Air/sea surv radar (2000) .. For 6 MEKO-A100 Type frigates
2 MEKO-A100 Type Frigate 1999 .. ‘New Generation Patrol Vessel’ (NGPV) programme
worth $1.4 b incl 4 licensed production;
MEKO-100RMN version; assembled in Malaysia;
delivery 2004
Indonesia 2 CN-235MPA MP aircraft 2002 .. Deal worth $34 m; delivery 2004
Italy 11 A-109K Light helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $70-75 m (offsets incl technology
transfer); A-109LUH armed version; probably incl
some assembled in Malaysia
1 RAT-31S Air surv radar 2001 2003 1 Deal worth $54 m; RAT-31DL version
6 Skyguard Fire control radar (2000) .. For 6 MEKO-A100 Type frigates; desig uncertain
(30) Black Shark 533mm AS torpedo 2002 .. For Scorpene Class submarines
(24) Otomat Mk-2 Anti-ship missile (2001) 2002–2003 (24) For Laksmana (Assad) Class corvettes
Poland 3 MID-M AEV 2003 .. Deal worth $375 m incl 48 PT-91M tanks, 6 WZT-4
ARVs and 5 PMC ABLs (offsets worth $111 m);
delivery 2005–2006
5 PMC-90 ABL 2003 .. Deal worth $375 m incl 48 PT-91M tanks, 6 WZT-4
ARVs and 3 MID-M AEVs (offsets worth $111 m);
PMC Leguan version; delivery 2005–2006
48 PT-91 Main Battle Tank 2003 .. Deal worth $368-400 m incl 6 WZT-4 ARVs, 5 PMC
ABLs and 3 MID-M AEVs (offsets worth $111 m);
PT-91M version; delivery 2005–2006
6 WZT-4 ARV 2003 .. Deal worth $375 m incl 48 PT-91M tanks, 5 PMC
ABLs and 3 MID-M AEVs (offsets worth $111 m);
PT-91M version; delivery 2005–2006
Russia 10 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $70 m; Mi-171Sh armed version; delivery
2004
18 Su-30MK/Flanker FGA aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $900 m (incl $270 m barter; offsets incl
space technology transfer and training of Malaysian
astronaut); Su-30MKM version; delivery 2006–
2007
17 N-019ME Topaz Combat ac radar (1999) 2002–2003 (11) For modernization of 17 MiG-29N FGA aircraft
(204) AA-12 Adder/R-77 BVRAAM (1997) .. For MiG-29N FGA aircraft; status uncertain
382 SA-16 Gimlet/Igla-1 Portable SAM 2002 2003 (382) Deal worth $48 m; deal incl also 40 launchers
Spain 1 Scorpene Class Submarine 2002 .. Deal worth $947 m-$1.1 b (incl over 50% barter) incl
1 delivered by France; delivery 2008
Turkey 44 AIFV IFV 2000 2002–2003 (44) Deal worth $278-300 m incl 167 other versions;
Malaysian desig Adnan; option on more
167 AIFV-APC APC 2000 2002–2003 (167) Deal worth $278-300 m incl 44 IFV version; incl
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

ambulance, ALV, 81mm mortar carrier and CP

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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

version; incl assembly of 65 in Malaysia;

Malaysian desig Adnan; option on more
UK 6 Super Lynx ASW helicopter 1999 2003 6 Deal worth $158-167 m
9 Jernas SAM system 2002 .. Deal worth $316 m (offsets incl production of
components in Malaysia); delivery from 2004
72 Rapier Mk-2 SAM 2002 .. For Jernas SAM system

L: Germany 4 MEKO-A100 Type Frigate 1999 .. ‘New Generation Patrol Vessel’ (NGPV) programme
worth $1.4 b incl 2 delivered direct;
MEKO-100RMN version; delivery from 2005

Mexico
S: Brazil 1 EMB-145AEW&C AEW&C aircraft 2001 .. Deal worth $230-250 m incl 2 MP version; incl for
SIGINT; mainly for anti-narcotics operations;
delivery 2004
2 EMB-145MP MP aircraft 2001 .. Deal worth $230-250 m incl 1 AEW version; mainly
for anti-narcotics operations; delivery 2004
France 2 AS-365/AS-565 Panther Helicopter 2003 .. AS-565 version; option on 8 more; delivery 2005
Israel 3 E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft 2002 2003 (1) Ex-Israeli; deal worth $18 m; delivery 2003–2004
2 Aliya Class FAC(M) 2003 .. Ex-Israeli; deal worth $64 m or $90 m
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Russia 2 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2002 2003 (2) Deal worth $8 m; Mi-17-V1 version
Sweden 1 PS-890 Erieye AEW aircraft radar 2001 .. For 1 EMB-145 AEW aircraft delivered from Brazil;
delivery 2004
USA 2 Sea Vue MP aircraft radar 2001 .. For 2 EMB-145 MP aircraft delivered from Brazil
8 Sea Vue MP aircraft radar 2002 .. For modernization of 8 C-212 MP aircraft
Myanmar (Burma)
S: Ukraine (50) T-72 Main battle tank (2002) 2002–2003 (50) Ex-Ukrainian

Namibia
S: Italy 1 AB-139 Helicopter 2002 2003 1 Deal worth $8 m

Nepal
S: Belarus 2 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2002 2003 2 Ex-Belarus; financed by UK for police use against
Maoist rebels
Poland 1 M-28 Skytruck Light transport ac 2003 ..
UK 2 BN-2A/B Islander Light transport ac 2003 .. Aid; delivery 2004
Unknown country 2 Mi-24D/Mi-25/Hind-D Combat helicopter 2002 .. Second-hand; deal worth $6.2 m; probably via
Australian broker; for use against Maoist rebels;
status uncertain

Netherlands
S: Germany 39 PzH-2000 155mm Self-propelled gun 2002 .. Deal worth $420 m (offsets 100%) for 57 of which
18 sold to Norway before delivery to Netherlands;
delivery 2004–2009
3 Patriot SAM system 2002 2002–2003 (3) Ex-German; deal worth $79 m incl 96 MIM-104
missiles (incl $42 m in cash and $27 m in services)
96 MIM-104 PAC-2 SAM 2002 2002–2003 (96) Ex-German; deal worth $79 m incl 3 Patriot SAM
systems (incl $42 m in cash and $27 m in services);
Patriot GEM version
Israel 2 400 Spike-MR/LR Anti-tank missile 2001 .. Deal worth $150-225 m; delivery from 2003
Italy 4 127mm/54 Naval gun 1996 2002–2003 2 Ex-Canadian guns sold back to producer and
modernized before delivery; for 4 De Zeven
Provincien Class destroyers
Norway 3 NASAMS SAM system 2003 .. Ex-Norwegian; exchanged for 18 PzH-2000 self-
propelled guns; delivery 2004
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

USA 139 AN/APG-66 Combat ac radar 1993 1996–2002 (138) For ‘Mid-Life Update’ (MLU) modernization of
139 F-16A/B FGA aircraft to F-16AM/BM
(F-16C/D) version; delivery 1996–2003
24 AN/APG-78 Longbow Combat ac radar (2003) .. For modernization of 24 AH-64D helicopters;
contract not yet signed
(240) RIM-162 ESSM SAM 2002 .. For De Zeven Provincien Class destroyers
(164) RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM (2002) 2003 (41) For De Zeven Provincien Class destroyers

New Zealand
S: Canada 105 Piranha/LAV-25 IFV 2001 2003 (15) Deal worth $241-388 m (offsets worth $3 m);
delivery 2003–2004
Netherlands 2 Boeing-757-200 Transport aircraft 2003 2003 2 Second-hand; deal worth $117 m
USA 1 SH-2G Super Seasprite ASW helicopter 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $23 m; SH-2G(NZ) version
(164) Javelin Anti-tank missile 2003 .. ‘Project Crossbow’ worth $19 m incl 24 launchers
and 24 40mm grenade-launchers; delivery 2004

Nigeria
S: Poland 67 MT-LB APC (2002) 2003 67 Deal worth $6.5 m; financed by UN and/or USA for
use by Nigerian peacekeeping forces in Sierra
Leone; incl 6 ARV, 1 ambulance and 6 CP version
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Russia 4 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter (2002) 2003 4 Mi-171(Sh) armed version

USA 7 Balsam Class Cargo ship 2002 2003 4 Ex-US; ‘SAP’ aid; mainly for use as OPV; Nigerian
desig Kyanma Class

Norway
S: Finland 2 XA-200 APC 2002 .. XA-203M CP version
France 6 MRR-3D Air surv radar (2003) .. MRR-3D(NG) version; for 6 Skjold Class FAC;
delivery 2006–2009
 Germany 150 IRIS-T SRAAM (2003) .. Delivery 2005–2007
Multiple sellers 6 NH-90 NFH ASW helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $425 m incl 8 NH-90 TTH version; for
Coast Guard; ordered from France and Germany
and assembled in Finland; delivery 2005–2008
8 NH-90 TTH Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $425 m incl 6 NH-90 NFH version; for
Coast Guard; for SAR; ordered from France and
Germany and assembled in Finland; option on
10 more; delivery 2005–2008/2009
Netherlands 18 PzH-2000 155mm Self-propelled gun 2003 .. Originally ordered for Dutch Army but sold to
Norway in return for 3 NASAMS SAM systems
Spain 5 Mod. F-100 Class Frigate 2000 .. Deal worth $1.5 b incl radars from USA (offsets
100% in 10 years incl NASAMS SAM system and
Penguin missiles for Spain); incl 3 assembled or
produced in Norway; Norwegian desig Nansen
Class; delivery 2005–2009
Sweden 6 Ceros-200 Fire control radar (2003) .. For 6 Skjold Class FAC; delivery 2006–2009
USA 5 AN/SPY-1F Air surv radar (2000) .. Deal worth $500 m incl AEGIS combat system and
Mk-41 SAM launchers; for 5 Nansen Class frigates
(240) RIM-162 ESSM SAM (2000) .. For F-100 (Nansen) Class frigates

Oman
S: France (81) VBL Reconnaissance veh 2000 2001–2003 (81) Incl some with ALBI Mistral SAM launcher
(100) Mistral Portable SAM 2000 2001–2003 (100) For use with ALBI launcher on VBL armoured
vehicle; Mistral-2 version
UK 16 Super Lynx ASW helicopter 2002 ..
80 Piranha 8x8 APC 2000 2001–2003 (80) Incl ARV, CP, 81mm mortar carrier, ambulance,
artillery observation version
USA 12 F-16C FGA aircraft 2002 .. Deal worth $1.1 b incl armament and LANTIRN
radars ($224 m for aircraft only); F-16C/D
Block-50 version; delivery 2005–2006
14 LANTIRN Combat ac radar 2002 .. For F-16C FGA aircraft
80 AGM-65D Maverick ASM (2002) .. For F-16C FGA aircraft; AGM-65D/E version
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

50 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2002 .. For F-16C FGA aircraft; delivery 2004
517
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

100 AIM-9M Sidewinder SRAAM 2002 .. For F-16C FGA aircraft; AIM-9M-8/9 version
(562) BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (562) BGM-71E TOW-2A version
20 RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-ship missile 2003 .. Deal worth $22 m; AGM-84D version for F-16C
FGA aircraft

Pakistan
S: China (55) F-7MG Fighter aircraft (2001) 2001–2003 (55) F-7PG version; incl 6 or 9 FT-7PG version
11 F-7MG Fighter aircraft (2002) 2003 (11) F-7PG version
(150) JF-17 FGA aircraft 1999 .. Developed for Pakistan; incl assembly in Pakistan;
delivery possibly from 2004
(6) K-8 Karakorum-8 Jet trainer aircraft (2001) 2003 6
2 Type-347G Fire control radar (2003) .. For 2 Jalalat Class FAC
(16) C-802/CSS-N-8 Saccade Anti-ship missile (2003) .. For Jalalat Class FAC
France (96) F-17P AS torpedo (1996) 1999–2003 (60) F-17P Mod-2 version; for Agosta-90B Type (Khalid
Class) submarines
(24) SM-39 Exocet Anti-ship missile 1994 1999–2003 (22) Deal worth $100 m; for Agosta-90B Type (Khalid
Class) submarines
3 Agosta-90B Type Submarine 1994 1999–2003 2 Deal worth $750 m (+ $200 m for modernization of
Pakistan Naval Dockyard to build submarines); incl
2 assembled in Pakistan; Pakistani desig Khalid
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Class; delivery 1999–2006

Indonesia 4 CN-235 Transport aircraft 2001 2002–2003 (3) Deal worth $49 m; CN-235-220 version; delivery
before 2005
Sweden .. RBS-70 Portable SAM (1985) 1988–2003 (400) Assembled in Pakistan
(24) Type-43 400mm ASW torpedo 1994 1999–2003 (20) Type-43X2 version; for modernized Tariq (Amazon)
Class frigates
USA 6 C-130E Hercules Transport aircraft 2003 .. Ex-Australian aircraft sold back to US producer and
transferred to Pakistan
 (6) AN/FPS-88 Air surv radar (2003) .. Deal worth $155 m; L-88 version on balloon; for
Afghan border patrol; contract not yet signed

L: China .. QW-1 Vanguard Portable SAM (1993) 1994–2003 (750) Pakistani desig Anza-2
.. Red Arrow-8 Anti-tank missile 1989 1990–2003 (10 600) Pakistani desig Baktar Shikan
Italy (135) Grifo-7 Combat ac radar 1995 2000–2003 (101) For modernization of some 35 Mirage-3 and
100 F-7P fighter aircraft
(12) Grifo-7 Combat ac radar (2002) .. Grifo-7PG version; for 12 F-7MG (F-7PG) fighter
aircraft; contract not yet signed
Sweden (150) MFI-17 Supporter Trainer aircraft (2001) .. Super Mushshak version

Paraguay
S: Spain 1 C-212 Aviocar Transport aircraft 2003 .. C-212-400 version; delivery 2004

Philippines
S: Thailand 8 OV-10 Bronco Ground attack ac 2003 2003 4 Ex-Thai; aid; OV-10C version
USA 8 Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter 2001 2002–2003 8 Ex-US; aid
20 Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter 2003 .. Ex-US; part of $30 m aid; possibly 10 more delivered
for spares only; delivery 2005/2006
20 Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter 2003 .. Second-hand; deal worth $12 m; bought via
Singapore; delivery 2004
10 Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $8 m; delivery 2005/2006
4 C-130K Hercules Transport aircraft (2002) .. Ex-UK aircraft sold back to US producer; deal worth
$41 m; modernized before delivery; incl for MP

Poland
S: Germany 23 MiG-29S/Fulcrum-C FGA aircraft 2002 2003 10 Ex-German; aid; MiG-29G version; incl
4 MiG-29GT version; delivery 2003–2004
6 BrPz-1 Biber ABL 2002 2003 (6) Ex-German; part of aid worth $300-380 m; for Polish
brigade operating as part of German division
10 Buffel ARV 2002 2003 (10) Ex-German; part of aid worth $300-380 m; for Polish
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

brigade operating as part of German division

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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

4 Keiler AMV 2002 2003 (4) Ex-German; part of aid worth $300-380 m; for Polish
brigade operating as part of German division
128 Leopard-2A4 Main battle tank 2002 2002–2003 (128) Ex-German; part of aid worth $300-380 m; for Polish
brigade operating as part of German division
35 M-113A2 APC 2002 2003 (35) Ex-German; aid; incl 16 ambulance and 19 M-577
CP version; part of deal worth $300-380 m; for
Polish brigade operating as part of German division
(100) AA-10a/b Alamo/R-27 BVRAAM 2002 2003 (50) Ex-German; aid; for MiG-29 fighter aircraft
(400) AA-11 Archer/R-73 SRAAM 2002 2003 (200) Ex-German; aid; for MiG-29 fighter aircraft
(150) AA-8 Aphid/R-60 SRAAM 2002 2003 (75) Ex-German; aid; for MiG-29 fighter aircraft
Italy 3 RAT-31S/L Air surv radar (2002) .. Deal worth $38 or $90 m; part of NATO ‘NADGE’
air-surveillance network; RAT-31DL version;
delivery 2006–2007
Multiple sellers .. MU-90 Impact ASW torpedo (2002) .. Incl for Mi-14PL and SH-2G helicopters and
MEKO-A100 Type and Perry (Pulaski) Class
frigates; ordered from Germany, Italy or France
Netherlands 3 STING Fire control radar 2001 .. For modernization of 3 Orkan Class corvettes
Norway (34) Mk-37 480mm AS torpedo 2002 2002–2003 (25) Ex-Norwegian; aid; for Kobben Class submarines
(30) Type-613 533mm AS torpedo 2002 2002–2003 (25) Ex-Norwegian; aid; for Kobben Class submarines
4 Type-207 Submarine 2002 2002–2003 3 Ex-Norwegian; aid; 1 more delivered for spares only;
delivery 2002–2004
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Spain 8 C-295M Transport aircraft 2001 2003 2 Deal worth $212 m (offsets 100%); option on 4;
delivery 2003–2005
Sweden 3 Giraffe AMB-3D Air surv radar 2001 .. Sea Giraffe AMB version; for modernization of
3 Orkan Class corvettes
(60) RBS-15 Mk-3 Anti-ship missile (2001) .. For 3 Orkan Class corvettes and probably for
2 MEKO-A100 Type frigates; contract not yet
signed
UK (78) AS-90 turret Turret 1999 .. For use on Polish chassis; Polish desig Chrobry or
Krab; incl assembly in Poland; delivery 2004–2016
 USA (6) C-130K Hercules Transport aircraft (2003) .. Ex-UK aircraft returned to producer and sold to
Poland; deal worth $45-50 m; incl 2 C-130H-30
version; modernized before delivery; delivery
2005–2006; contract not yet signed
48 F-16C FGA aircraft 2003 .. ‘Peace Sky-1’ deal worth $3.5 b (worth $4.7 b incl
interest; offsets worth $6 b or $12.5 b); delivery
2006–2008
4 SH-2G Super Seasprite ASW helicopter 2001 2002–2003 4 Ex-US; aid (re-activation and training paid with
$20–22 m US loan)
13 MSTAR Ground surv radar 2003 2003 4 Deal worth $5.6 m; AN/PPS-5C version; delivery
2003–2004
384 AIM-120B AMRAAM BVRAAM (2002) ..
.. RIM-162 ESSM SAM (2003) .. For MEKO-A100 Type frigates; contract not yet
signed

L: Finland 313 AMV IFV 2003 .. ‘Suhak’ programme worth $1.3–1.4 b incl 32
reconnaissance and 345 other version (offsets
133%); delivery 2004–2013
345 AMV APC 2003 .. ‘Suhak’ programme worth $1.3–1.4 b incl 313 IFV
and 32 reconnaissance version (offsets 133%);
delivery 2004–2013
32 AMV Reconnaissance veh 2003 .. ‘Suhak’ programme worth $1.3–1.4 b incl 313 IFV
and 345 other version (offsets 133%); delivery
2006–2009
Germany 2 MEKO-A100 Type Frigate 2001 .. Polish desig Project-621 Gawron-2 Type; option on
2-5 more; delivery 2004–2006
Israel (2 675) Spike-MR/LR Anti-tank missile 2003 .. Deal worth $397 m incl 264 launchers (offsets worth
$826 m); Spike-LR version; delivery 2004–2013
Russia 10 An-28TD Bryza-1TD Light transport ac 2001 2001–2003 (10)

Portugal
S: France 12 EC-120B Colibri Light helicopter 2003 ..
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Germany 2 Type-209/1400 Submarine (2003) .. Deal worth $970 m (offsets 100%); option on 1 more;
delivery 2008; contract not yet signed
Multiple sellers 12 EH101-400 Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $287-315 m (incl 1 financed by EU for
fishery protection); for SAR; suppliers Italy and
UK; delivery 2004–2006
USA 20 F-16A FGA aircraft 1998 2003 (5) Ex-US; ‘Peace Atlantis-2’ deal worth $268 m;
modernized to F-16AM (F-16C) version in Portugal
after delivery with US kits; incl 4 F-16B version;
5 more delivered for spares only; delivery
2003–2006
12 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM (2002) ..

Qatar
S: France (48) Apache ASM 1994 1999–2003 (48) For Mirage-2000-5 FGA aircraft; Black Pearl version

Romania
S: France .. R-550 Magic-2 SRAAM (1996) 2003 (10) For MiG-21 Lancer (modernized MiG-21MF) and
possibly for MiG-29 fighter aircraft; may incl
assembly or licensed production in Romania; status
uncertain
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

Germany (32) Gepard AAV(G) (1997) 1999–2003 14 Ex-German; aid worth $37 m; possibly modernized
before delivery; 11 more delivered for spares only;
delivery 1999–2004
Israel (960) Spike-ER Anti-tank missile (1998) 1999–2003 (550) For modernized SA-330 (IAR-330) helicopters
.. Spike-MR/LR Anti-tank missile (2003) .. For modernized MLI-84 IFVs; contract not yet
signed
UK 2 Boxer Class Frigate (2002) .. Ex-UK; deal worth $186 m (offsets 80-90%);
modernized before delivery; delivery 2004–2005
USA 21 AN/TPS-73 MMSR Air surv radar 2003 .. Delivery 2004–2008
Russia
S: Uzbekistan (2) Il-76M/Candid-B Transport aircraft (2002) 2003 (2) Il-76MF version; status uncertain

Saudi Arabia
S: Canada (16) Bell-412SP Helicopter 2001 2002–2003 (16) Bell-412RSAF version
130 Piranha/LAV-90 AFSV 2000 2000–2003 (130) Deal worth $416 m incl 1827 BGM-71 missiles;
ordered via USA as part of 1990 deal worth $700 m
including 987 other version; for National Guard
France (72) ASTER-15 SAAM SAM (1997) 2002–2003 (48) For F-3000S Type (Al Riyadh Class) frigates
(24) F-17P AS torpedo (1997) 2002–2003 (16) For F-3000S Type (Al Riyadh Class) frigates
(48) MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile 1994 2000–2003 (20) For F-3000S Type (Al Riyadh Class) frigates;
MM-40 Block-2 version
3 F-3000S Type Frigate 1994 2002–2003 2 ‘Sawari-2’ deal worth $3.4 b incl other weapons and
construction of a naval base (offsets 35%); also
designated Modified La Fayette Type; Saudi desig
Al Riyadh Class; delivery 2002–2004
Pakistan (30) MFI-17 Supporter Trainer aircraft (2003) .. Super Mushshak version; contract not yet signed
USA 105 AGM-65D Maverick ASM 2001 2002–2003 (105) Deal worth $21 m; including 7 AGM-65G version
500 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2000 2003 (100) For F-15 FGA aircraft
(562) BGM-71 TOW Anti-tank missile 2001 2002–2003 (562) BGM-71E TOW-2A version

Singapore
S: France (144) ASTER-15 SAAM SAM (2001) .. For La Fayette Class frigates
6 La Fayette Class Frigate 2000 .. ‘Project Delta’ worth $1.6 b (incl $750 m for ships
only); incl 5 assembled in Singapore; Singaporean
desig Formidable Class; delivery 2007–2009
Israel (600) Python-4 BVRAAM (1997) 1997–2003 (560) For F-5S and F-16 FGA aircraft
.. Spike-MR/LR Anti-tank missile 1999 2001–2003 (600) Probably Spike-LR version; assembled in Singapore
USA 12 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 2001 .. ‘Peace Vanguard’ deal worth $617 m; delivery by
2005; stationed in USA until 2008
20 F-16C FGA aircraft (2000) 2003 (2) F-16D version
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

54 M-109 chassis Gun chassis (2001) 2001–2003 (54) For use with Singaporean 155mm gun turret
523
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(192) AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (2001) .. For AH-64D helicopters

100 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2001 2002–2003 (100) Deal worth $85-100 m; for F-16 and possibly F-5S
FGA aircraft; stored in USA until 2003

L: Russia (3 000) SA-16 Gimlet/Igla-1 Portable SAM (2001) .. Status uncertain

Slovenia
S: France 2 AS-532UL/AS-332L1 Helicopter 2001 2003 2 Deal worth $24 m; AS-532AL version
2 AS-532UL/AS-332L1 Helicopter 2002 .. Deal worth $35 m; incl for SAR; AS-532AL version;
delivery 2004

L: Austria 36 Pandur APC 1998 1999–2003 (36) Slovenian desig Valuk

36 Pandur APC 2003 .. Slovenian desig Valuk

South Africa
S: France (64) MM-40 Exocet Anti-ship missile 2000 .. For MEKO-A200 Type frigates
Germany 4 MEKO-A200 Type Frigate (2000) .. Deal worth $0.8-1.1 b (offsets $3.2 b incl $403 m for
arms industry); South African desig Amatola Class;
delivery 2004–2005
3 Type-209/1400 Submarine 1999 .. Deal worth $600-795 m (offsets 375-430%); Type-
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

209/1400MOD version; delivery 2005–2007

Italy 30 A-109K Light helicopter 1999 2003 (5) Deal worth $240 m (offsets $977 m incl $191 m for
arms industry; incl transfer of production-line of
A-109 and A-119 to South Africa); A-109ULH
version; incl 25 assembled in South Africa; option
on 10 more; delivery 2003–2005
Netherlands 2 PAGE Air surv radar 2003 .. Part of ‘Ground Based Air Defence System’
(GBADS) programme
 Sweden 9 JAS-39 Gripen FGA aircraft 1999 .. Deal worth $1.2 b incl 12 Hawk-100 from UK
(offsets $8.7 b incl $1.5 b for arms industry);
JAS-39B version; for delivery 2007–2009; option
on 19 more
UK 12 Hawk-100 FGA/trainer aircraft 2002 .. Hawk-100LIFT/Hawk-120 version; assembled in
South Africa
12 Hawk-100 FGA/trainer aircraft 1999 .. Deal worth $1.2 b incl 9 JAS-39 from Sweden
(offsets $8.7 b incl $1.5 b for arms industry); incl
11 assembled in South Africa; Hawk-100LIFT/
Hawk-120 version; delivery 2005
4 Super Lynx ASW helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $107 m ($173 m offsets incl 88 for South
African arms industry); delivery 2007
(72) Starstreak Portable SAM 2003 .. Deal worth $12.5 m; part of ‘Ground Based Air
Defence System’ (GBADS) programme
USA 4 AN/APS-143(V) MP aircraft radar 2003 .. For 4 Super Lynx helicopters

South Korea
S: France (48) Crotale-NG SAM system (1999) 1999–2003 (38) Part of Korean Chun Ma or Pegasus AAV(M); for
use with Korean developed SAM
Netherlands 3 Goalkeeper CIWS 1999 .. For 3 KDX-2 Type frigates; delivery from 2004
5 Goalkeeper CIWS 2003 .. Deal worth $54 m; for 1 LPX Class AALS and
3 KDX-3 Class frigates
Russia 23 Il-103 Light aircraft 2002 2003 (23) Deal worth $9 m (incl $4.5 m payment of Russian
debt); for training
7 Ka-32A/Helix-C Helicopter 2002 2003 (2) Payment of Russian debt; transport version; delivery
2003–2004
30 BMP-3 IFV 2002 2003 (6) Payment of Russian debt; delivery 2003–2006
3 T-80U Main battle tank 2002 2003 (1) Payment of Russian debt; delivery 2003–2006
.. AT-13 Saxhorn/9M131 Anti-tank missile 2002 2003 (50) Payment of Russian debt; delivery 2003–2006
Sweden .. Ceros-200 Fire control radar 2003 .. For PKX Type FAC; delivery from 2006/2007
USA 40 F-15K Fighter/bomber ac 2002 .. ‘F-X’ programme worth $4.4 b (offsets 65-83%);
F-15K version; delivery 2005–2008
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

29 M-270 MLRS MRL 2002 2002–2003 (19) Deal worth $498 m; delivery 2002–2004
525
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

3 Mk-45 127mm/54 Naval gun 1999 .. Deal worth $22 m; Mk-45 Mod-4 version; for
3 KDX-2 Type frigates; assembled in South Korea
(44) AN/APG-67 Combat ac radar (2003) .. For 44 A-50 FGA aircraft; contract not yet signed
3 AN/SPS-49 Air surv radar (1999) .. For 3 KDX-2 Type frigates
3 AN/SPY-1D Air surv radar (2002) .. For 3 KDX-3 Type destroyers
3 AN/TPS-117 Air surv radar 2002 .. Deal worth $39 m; delivery 2004
.. Tiger Eyes Combat ac radar 2002 .. Deal worth $164 m; for F-15K FGA aircraft; delivery
2004–2005
147 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2002 .. Deal worth $110 m incl AIM-9X missiles; delivery
2004
.. AIM-9X Sidewinder SRAAM 2002 .. Deal worth $110 m incl AIM-120 missiles; for F-15K
FGA aircraft
111 MGM-140A1 ATACMS SSM 2001 .. Deal worth $81 m; delivery 2004
(72) RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-ship missile (1994) 1998–2003 (72) UGM-84 version; for Type-209 (Chang Bogo Class)
submarines
64 RIM-116A RAM SAM 2001 .. For KDX-2 Type frigates
110 RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM 2000 .. Deal worth $159 m; for KDX-2 Type frigates

L: Germany 3 Type-214 Submarine 2000 .. ‘KSS-2’ programme worth $1.1 b (incl $711 m
import from Germany); delivery 2007–2009
Netherlands 3 MW-08 Air surv radar 1999 .. For 3 KDX-2 Type frigates
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

6 STIR Fire control radar 1999 .. For 3 KDX-2 Type frigates

USA 20 F-16C FGA aircraft 2000 2003 (10) Deal worth $663 m; F-16 Block-52 version; incl
5 F-16D version; for use as reconnaissance aircraft;
Korean desig KF-16; delivery 2003–2004
67 LVTP-7A1/AAV-7A1 APC 2000 2001–2003 (36) Deal worth $99-120 m; Korean desig KAAV (Korean
Armoured Amphibious Vehicle); delivery 2001–
2006
Spain
S: Canada 4 AN/APS-504(V) MP aircraft radar (1999) 2003 (2) For 4 CN-235MP MP aircraft
France 3 AS-665 Tiger Combat helicopter (2003) .. HAP version; lease until delivery of AS-665 HAD
version; incl for training
.. Mistral Portable SAM (2003) .. For AS-665 Tiger helicopters
Germany 4 Buffel ARV 1998 2003 (1) Deal worth $2.2 b (offsets 80%) incl 12 licensed
production and 219 Leopard-2A5+ tanks
30 Leopard-2A5 Main battle tank 1998 2003 7 Deal worth $2.2 b (offsets 80%) incl 189 licensed
production and 16 Buffel ARVs; Leopard-2A5E
version; delivery 2003–2004
Italy 62 B-1 Centauro Armoured car 2002 .. Deal worth $185 m; Spanish desig VRC-105;
delivery 2004–2006
4 RAN-12L/X Air/sea surv radar (1996) 2002–2003 2 For 4 De Bazán (F-100) Class frigates
Multiple sellers 24 AS-665 Tiger Combat helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $1.5-1.9 b; HAD version; delivery from
2007
.. TRIGAT-LR Anti-tank missile (2003) .. For AS-665 Tiger helicopter; delivery 2007
Norway (20) Penguin-2 Anti-ship missile (2000) .. Deal worth $26 m (offsets for Norwegian order for
5 frigates); Penguin-2 Mod-7 version; for S-70/
SH-60B helicopters; option on more
Sweden 20 Bv-206S APC 2000 2002 (5) Option on up to 30 more
Switzerland 18 Piranha-3 8x8 APC 2001 2003 (9) Incl CP and ambulance version; delivery 2003–2004
USA 6 S-70B/SH-60B Seahawk ASW helicopter 2000 2002–2003 6 SH-60B Block-1 version; deal worth $77 m incl
modernization of 6 Spanish SH-60B to Block-1
version; Spanish desig HS-23
4 Mk-45 127mm/54 Naval gun 1999 2002–2003 2 Ex-US; modernized before delivery; for 4 De Bazán
(F-100) Class frigates
4 AN/MPQ-64 Air surv radar (2000) .. Ordered via Norway as part of 4 NASAMS SAM
systems
8 AN/SPG-62 Fire control radar (1996) 2002–2003 4 For use with Standard and ESSM SAMs on
4 De Bazán (F-100) Class frigates
4 AN/SPY-1F Air surv radar 1996 2002–2003 2 Deal worth $750 m; part of AEGIS combat system
for De Bazán (F-100) Class frigates
.. AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (2003) .. For SH-60B helicopters; contract not yet signed
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

.. AIM-120A AMRAAM SAM (2000) .. For NASAMS SAM systems ordered from Norway
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supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

31 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM (2002) .. Deal worth $21 m; for F/A-18 FGA aircraft
.. BGM-71F TOW-2B Anti-tank missile 2002 .. Part of deal worth $52 m for 1689 TOW-2A/2B
version and training missiles for Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Luxemburg and Spain
226 Javelin Anti-tank missile (2001) .. Deal worth $25 m incl 12 launchers; status uncertain
(384) RIM-162 ESSM SAM (2003) .. For De Bazán (F-100) Class frigates; contract not yet
signed
29 RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM (2002) .. Deal worth $29 m; SM-2 Block-3A version; for
De Bazán (F-100) Class frigates

L: Germany 12 Buffel ARV 1998 .. Deal worth $2.2 b (offsets 80%) incl 4 direct
delivered and 219 Leopard-2A5+ tanks
189 Leopard-2A5+ Main battle tank 1998 .. Deal worth $2.2 b (offsets 80%) incl 30 direct
delivered and 16 Buffel ARVs; Leopard-2A5E
version; delivery 2005–2008

Sri Lanka
S: Czech Republic (16) VT-55 ARV 2000 2002–2003 (16) Ex-Czech; aid; delivered via and possibly
modernized in Slovakia; for use against LTTE
rebels
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

USA 2 AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder Arty locating radar (2000) .. Deal worth $22 m; status uncertain

Sudan
S: Russia 12 MiG-29S/Fulcrum-C FGA aircraft 2002 .. Deal worth $120 m; status uncertain

Sweden
S: Finland 104 XA-200 APC 2000 2001–2003 (104) Deal worth $67 m; for peacekeeping forces; XA-
203S version; including 18 XA-202S CP version
 63 XA-200 APC 2002 2003 (5) Deal worth $37 m; XA-2025 version; delivery
2003–2008
Germany 14 Buffel ARV 1999 2002–2003 (14) Deal worth $125 m; Swedish desig Bgbv-120
(250) IRIS-T SRAAM (2003) .. Contract not yet signed
Italy 20 A-109K Light helicopter 2001 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $113 m; A-109M version; Swedish desig
Hkp-15; incl for training; incl components made in
South Africa as offsets for South African order for
JAS-39 combat aircraft; delivery 2002–2007
Multiple sellers 18 NH-90 TTH Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $660 b (offsets 100% incl production of
parts for 200 NH-90 worth $220 m); incl 5 for
SAR; Swedish desig Hkp-14; ordered from France
and Germany and assembled in Finland; delivery
2005–2009
USA (5) AN/APS-143(V) MP aircraft radar 2002 .. Deal worth $7.6 m; for 5 NH-90 helicopters
.. AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM (2003) .. Deal worth $53 for 106 AIM-120C-5 version for
Greece and Sweden; delivery by 2005

Switzerland
S: Germany 25 Buffel ARV 2001 .. Deal worth $63-70 m (offsets 10.5%); delivery
2004–2005
UK (2 000) Rapier Mk-2 SAM (2002) .. Assembled in Switzerland; delivery 2004–2007
USA 24 PSTAR-ER Air surv radar 2003 .. Deal worth $24 m; delivery 2004
(222) AIM-9X Sidewinder SRAAM 2002 .. Deal worth $104 m; for F/A-18CD aircraft

L: Sweden 185 CV-9030CH IFV 2000 2002–2003 (59) ‘Schutzenpanzer-2000’ programme worth $424 m
incl 1 direct delivered; incl 32 CV-9030CH-COM
CP version; delivery 2002–2005; option on 124
more

Syria
S: Russia (14) Su-27SK/Flanker-B FGA aircraft (1999) .. Status uncertain
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
529
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
530

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

Taiwan
S: USA 9 CH-47D Chinook Helicopter 1999 2002–2003 (9) Deal worth $300-486 m; CH-47SD version
2 E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $400 m; E-2T version; delivery
2003–2004/2005
54 LVTP-7A1/AAV-7A1 APC 2003 .. Deal worth $64–156 m; ex-US AAV-7A1 rebuild to
AAV-7A1 RAM/RS; incl 4 CP and 2 ARV version,
delivery from 2005
11 AN/FPS-117 Air surv radar 2002 .. Incl 4 AN/TPS-117 version
40 AGM-65G Maverick ASM (2001) 2003 (40) Deal worth $18 m; for F-16 FGA aircraft
.. AGM-88 HARM Anti-radar missile (2001) 2002–2003 (53)
200 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM 2000 2001–2003 (200) Deal worth $150 m; for F-16 FGA aircraft; stored in
USA until 2003 when delivered to Taiwan after
China introduced similar AA-12 missiles in
2002/2003
182 AIM-9M Sidewinder SRAAM 2003 .. Deal worth $17 m; AIM-9M-2 version; delivery by
2006
290 BGM-71F TOW-2B Anti-tank missile 2002 2003 (145) Deal worth $18 m
360 Javelin Anti-tank missile (2002) .. Deal worth $51 m incl 40 launchers
(22) RGM-84L Harpoon Anti-ship missile (2003) .. RGM-84L Block-2 version; for Kidd Class destroyers
(100) RIM-66M Standard-2 SAM (2003) .. SM-2 Block-3A version; for Kidd Class destroyers
4 Kidd Class Destroyer (2003) .. Ex-US; deal worth $740 m; contract not yet signed
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

L: USA 8 Perry Class Frigate 1989 1993-98 7 Taiwanese desig Cheng Kung Class; ‘Kwang Hua-1’
project; order for last 1 delayed from 1997 to 2001
for financial reasons; delivery 1993–2004

Tanzania
S: UK 1 Watchman Air surv radar 2001 .. Deal worth $40 m
Thailand
S: China 2 OPV-85m Type OPV 2002 .. Deal worth $66-88 m
Italy 2 RAN-30X Air surv radar (2002) .. For 2 OPV-85m Type
New Zealand 8 CT-4 Airtrainer Trainer aircraft 2003 .. CT-4E version; Thai desig BF-16; delivery 2004
UK 2 Super Lynx ASW helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $25 m (offsets 50%)
USA 30 Bell-205/UH-1H Helicopter 2001 2002–2003 (25) Ex-US; aid; modernized before delivery for about
$37 m; delivery 2002–2003/2004
6 Bell-209/AH-1F Combat helicopter 2001 2003 (3) Ex-US; aid; modernized before delivery for about
$7 m; delivery 2003–2004
16 F-16A FGA aircraft 2000 2002–2003 (16) Ex-US; ‘Peace Naresuan-4’ deal worth $130-157 m;
modernized before delivery; incl 1 F-16B version;
incl 2 more for spares only
2 S-70A/UH-60L Helicopter 2001 2003 2
(4) S-70A/UH-60L Helicopter (2003) ..
8 AIM-120C AMRAAM BVRAAM (2001) 2003 (8) Deal worth $6.1 m; for F-16 FGA aircraft; stored in
USA until 2003; reaction to Myanmarese order for
MiG-29 FGA aircraft

Turkey
S: France 30 AS-532UL/AS-332L1 Helicopter 1997 2000–2003 (30) ‘Phoenix-2’ deal worth $430 m (offsets 50%); incl
28 assembled in Turkey; incl 18 for SAR and
6 AS-532AL CSAR version
19 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar 2002 .. Deal worth $400 m incl 19 FITS surveillance
systems; part of ‘Meltem’ programme; for
9 CN-235MPA and 10 other MP aircraft
19 200 Eryx Anti-tank missile 1998 1998–2003 (5 012) Deal worth $485 m incl 1600 launchers; delivery
1998–2007
Germany 1 Frankenthal Class MCM ship 1999 2003 1 Deal worth $625 m incl 5 licensed production;
Turkish desig Aydin Class
1 Kiliç Class FAC(M) 2000 2003 1
Israel 54 EL/M-2032 Combat ac radar 1997 2001–2003 (54) For 54 F-4E FGA aircraft modernized in deal worth
$600-700 m in Israel to F-4E-2020 Terminator
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

(110) Harpy Anti-radar UAV 1999 2000–2003 (88) Deal proably worth $76 m; delivery by 2004
531
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
532

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(46) Popeye-1 ASM (1998) 2002–2003 (46) For F-4E-2020 FGA aircraft
Italy 4 Bell-412EP/AB-412EP Helicopter 1999 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $35 m; for SAR; AB-412EP version; for
Coast Guard
4 RAT-31S/L Air surv radar 2002 .. Part of ‘NADGE’ air-surveillance network;
RA-31DL version
Netherlands 4 LIROD Fire control radar 2001 2003 1 For 4 Kilic Class FAC
4 MW-08 Air surv radar 2001 2003 1 For 4 Kilic Class FAC
4 STING Fire control radar 2001 2003 1 For 4 Kilic Class FAC
South Korea (300) K-9 Thunder 155mm Self-propelled gun 2001 2003 (8) Deal worth $1-1.2 b (incl $60-70 m for first 8–20);
assembled in Turkey; Turkish desig Firtina;
delivery 2003–2013
USA 4 Boeing-737 AEW AEW&C aircraft 2003 .. Deal worth $1.5 b (offsets worth $500 m); option on
2 more; delivery 2007–2008
2 S-70A/UH-60L Helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $27 m; Turkish desig Karaku; delivery
2004
(140) Dragoon APC (1998) 2002–2003 (100) Deal worth $45 m; for Police; delivery 2002–2004
8 AN/MPQ-64 Air surv radar 2002 2003 (2) For 8 modernized I-HAWK SAM systems
8 I-HAWK SAM system 2002 2003 (2) Ex-US; modernized (partly in Norway) to I-HAWK
PIP-5 version before delivery; delivery by 2005
144 AGM-114B Hellfire-2 ASM 2002 .. For Bell-209/AH-1W helicopters
.. MIM-23B HAWK SAM (2002) ..
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

2 Perry Class Frigate 2002 2003 1 Ex-US; Turkish desig Gaziantep Class

L: Germany 5 Frankenthal Class MCM ship 1999 .. Deal worth $625 m incl 1 direct delivered; Turkish
desig Aydin Class; delivery 2004–2007
3 Kiliç Class FAC(M) 2000 .. Delivery 2005–2007
4 Type-209/1400 Submarine 1998 .. Deal worth $556 m; Turkish desig Gur Class;
delivery 2004–2006/2007
 Spain 9 CN-235MP MP aircraft 1998 2002–2003 (9) ‘Meltem’ programme worth $103-120 m; incl 3 MSA
version for Coast Guard; Turkish desig
CN-235D/K
UK 840 Rapier Mk-2 SAM 1999 2002–2003 (125) Deal worth $130-150 m; for use with Rapier SAM
systems modernized to Rapier B1X (Rapier-2)
version; delivery 2002–2010
USA 551 AIFV IFV 2000 2001–2003 (397) Deal worth $338 m; incl APC and mortar carrier
versions; delivery 2001–2004

UAE
S: Bulgaria (900) AT-5 Spandrel/9M113 Anti-tank missile (2002) 2003 (900) For BTR-3U IFVs
France 7 AS-365F/565SA Panther ASW helicopter 1995 1999–2003 (7) Deal worth $230 m incl AS-15TT missiles;
AS-565SB version; for Abu Dhabi
32 Mirage-2000-5 Mk-2 FGA aircraft 1998 2003 (8) Deal worth $3.4 b incl modernization of 30 UAE
Mirage-2000 to Mirage-2000-9 version;
Mirage-2009 version; delivery 2003–2007
390 Leclerc Main battle tank 1993 1994–2003 (390) Deal worth $3.4 b incl 46 Leclerc ARVs (offsets
60%); incl 2 Leclerc Driver Training Tank version
46 Leclerc DNG ARV 1993 1997–2003 (35) Deal worth $3.4 b incl 390 Leclerc tanks (offsets
60%)
4 Ocean Master MP aircraft radar (2001) .. For 4 CN-295MPA MP aircraft
(30) RDY Aircraft radar 1998 .. RDY-2 version; for modernization of 30 Mirage-
2000 FGA aircraft to Mirage-2009 version;
delivery 2004–2006
(1 134) MICA BVRAAM 1998 2003 (200) For Mirage-2000-5 Mk-2 FGA aircraft
500 R-550 Magic-2 SRAAM (1998) 2003 (100) For Mirage 2000-5 Mk-2 FGA aircraft
4 Baynunah Class Corvette 2003 .. ‘Project Baynunah’ worth $500 m (incl $205 m for
French producer); incl 3 assembled in UAE; for
Abu Dhabi; option on 2 more; delivery from 2008
Romania 10 SA-330 Puma Helicopter 2001 .. Deal worth $125 m incl modernization of 15 UAE
SA-330; IAR-330SM version; for Abu Dhabi;
delivery 2005–2007
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

Russia 50 96K9 Pantzyr-S1 AAV(G/M) 2000 2002–2003 (30) Deal worth $734 m; delivery probably 2002–2004
533
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
534

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

(1 200) SA-19 Grisom/9M111 SAM 2000 2002–2003 (800) For 96K9 Pantzyr-S1 SAM AAV(G/M)s
Spain 4 C-295MPA ASW/MP aircraft 2001 .. ‘Shaheen-1’ programme worth $114-140 m; for Abu
Dhabi
UK .. Black Shahine ASM 1998 2003 (10) For Mirage-2000-5 Mk-2 FGA aircraft; delivery
2003–2004
USA 80 F-16E FGA aircraft 2000 .. Deal worth $5 b (incl $400 m for engines); incl
25 F-16F version; delivery 2004–2007
289 AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (2002) .. For modernized AH-64A heliciopters
(1 163) AGM-65D Maverick ASM (2003) .. For F-16E FGA aircraft; incl AGM-65G version;
contract not yet signed
159 AGM-88 HARM Anti-radar missile 2001 .. AGM-88C version; for F-16E FGA aircraft
.. AIM-120B AMRAAM BVRAAM (2003) .. For F-16E FGA aircraft; contract not yet signed
(267) AIM-9M Sidewinder SRAAM 2002 .. For F-16E FGA aircraft
52 RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-ship missile (2003) .. Deal worth $40 m; AGM-84 version for F-16E FGA
aircraft; deal probably not yet signed
Ukraine 90 BTR-3U Guardian IFV 2002 2003 (90)

UK
S: Canada 5 BD-700 Global Express Transport aircraft 1999 .. Deal worth $1.3 b (offsets 100%) incl ASTOR
radars; for modification to AGS aircraft in USA
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

and UK with ASTOR radars; delivery 2005

6 Bell-412EP Helicopter 2002 2002–2003 (6) Operated by civilian company for the UK pilot
training and SAR; UK desig Griffin HT-1 and
HAR-3
Germany 4 Ro-Ro 20000-ton Type Cargo ship 2000 2002–2003 4 Deal worth $1.8 b incl 2 licensed production and
25 years operation by civilian company for UK
armed forces; UK desig Hurst Point Class
 Italy 401 MLV APC 2003 .. ‘Future Command and Liason Vehicle’ (FCLV)
programme worth $282 m; option on 400 more;
delivery 2006–2009
Netherlands 2 Goalkeeper CIWS (1996) 2003 (1) For 2 Albion Class AALS
Norway 4 FBRV ARV (1999) 2002–2003 (4) Deal worth $12.4 m; option on 1 more
Sweden 108 BvS-10 APC 2000 2001–2003 (22) Deal worth $86-106 m (armoured parts produced in
UK); incl 31 CP and 6 ARV version; delivery 2001
and 2003–2005
(8) ARTHUR Arty locating radar 2002 2003 (2) ‘MAMBA’ programme; delivery 2003–2004
USA 7 King Air B200/C12 Light transport ac (2002) 2003 2 Leased from and operated by civilian company for
training of UK pilots
8 Cougar APC 2001 2002–2003 (8) Deal worth $3.6 m; UK desig Tempest
980 AGM-114 Longbow Anti-tank missile 1995 2000–2003 (980) Deal worth $2.8-4 b (offsets 100%) incl 67 AH-64D
helicopters; assembled in UK
(1 600) AGM-114K Hellfire Anti-tank missile (1996) 2000–2003 (1 200) For AH-64D helicopters; assembled in UK
.. AIM-120B AMRAAM BVRAAM 2000 2002–2003 (20) Deal worth $285 m
22 BGM-109 Tomahawk SLCM 2002 .. Deal worth $30 m; ex-US UGM-109C version
modernized to BGM-109 T-LAM Block-IIIC
version; delivery 2004
.. FIM-92A Stinger Portable SAM 2001 2003 (50) Part of deal worth $89 m for 1007 missiles for
Greece, Italy and UK; delivery 2003–2004
(3 871) Javelin Anti-tank missile 2003 .. ‘LFATWS’ programme worth $459-490 m; offsets
100%); delivery from 2005

L: Germany 2 Ro-Ro 20000-ton Type Cargo ship 2000 2002–2003 2 Deal worth $1.8 b incl 4 delivered direct and 25 years
operation by civilian company for UK armed
forces; UK desig Hurst Point Class
Netherlands 4 Mod. Rotterdam Class AALS 2000 .. Deal worth $550 m; UK desig Bay Class; delivery
2004–2005/2006
USA 59 AH-64D Apache Combat helicopter 1996 2001–2003 (48) Deal worth $2.8-4 b (offsets 100%) incl 8 delivered
direct and 980 AGM-114 missiles; WAH-64D
Apache Mk-1 version; delivery 2001–2004
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
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536

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

5 ASTOR AGS radar 1999 .. Deal worth $1.3 b (offsets 100%) incl 5 BD-700
aircraft; for modification of 5 BD-700 transport
aircraft delivered from Canada to AGS aircraft;
delivery 2005

USA
S: Australia 1 Incat Type Transport ship 2003 2003 1 Lease; for use as MCM support ship; US desig Swift
Class
Brazil 14 RF-10/Ximango Trainer aircraft 2001 2002–2003 (14) Deal worth $2.5 m; AMT-200S Super Ximango
version; US desig T-14
Canada (35) Bell-206 JetRanger Light helicopter 1999 2001–2003 (35) ‘NTH’ programme; for training; Bell-206B-3 or
TH-206 version; US desig TH-67A Creek
(2 131) Piranha/LAV-25 IFV 2000 2002–2003 (764) ‘IAV’ programme worth $4 b; Stryker version; incl
APC, mortar carier and fire support version;
assembled in USA
Italy 2 A-109K Light helicopter 2003 .. Lease; for Coast Guard ‘Airborne Use of Force’ anti-
narcotics operations; A-109E Power version; US
desig MH-68A Sting Ray
South Africa 4 RG-31 Nyala APC 2003 2003 4
Spain 2 CN-235MP Persuader MP aircraft (2003) .. Deal worth $87 m; part of Coast Guard ‘Deepwater-
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003

2000’ programme; CN-235M-300M/C-235ER

version; option on 6 more; delivery 2006
Sweden 2 Giraffe AMB-3D Air surv radar 2002 .. Delivery 2004
Switzerland 32 F-5E Tiger-2 FGA aircraft 2003 2003 (6) Ex-Swiss; deal worth $18.5 m; for use as ‘enemy’ in
training; delivery 2003–2007
UK 1 Pegasus One Class Transport ship 2003 2003 1 Second-hand; 1-year lease; US desig TSV-SCBT or
Arrowhead Class
Ukraine 1 Vaslayayev Class Cargo ship 1997 2003 1 Second-hand; US desig Roy M. Wheat Class
L: Austria (50) Pandur APC 1999 2000–2003 (50) Deal worth $51 m; US desig AGMS (Armored
Ground Mobility System)
Israel (250) Popeye-1/AGM-142 ASM 1998 2001–2003 (150) US desig AGM-142 Raptor or Have Nap
Switzerland (710) PC-9/T-6A Texan-2 Trainer aircraft 1996 1999–2003 (128) ‘JPATS’ programme worth $7 b (incl $4.7 b for
aircraft only); delivery 1999–2017
UK 187 Hawk/T-45A Goshawk Jet trainer aircraft 1981 1990–2003 (158) ‘VTXTS’ or ‘T-45TS’ programme; T-45A and T-45C
Goshawk versions; delivery 1990–2005
(645) UFH Towed gun (2000) 2002 (2) US desig M-777; delivery 2002–2010

Uganda
S: Belarus 3 Mi-24V/Mi-35/Hind-E Combat helicopter (2002) 2003 3 Ex-Belarussian; deal worth $10 m; modernized
before delivery

United Nations
S: South Africa .. RG-32 Scout APC 2003 ..

Unknown country
S: Poland .. Model-56 105mm Towed gun (2002) .. Delivery 2006–2008
.. Model-56 105mm Towed gun (2002) .. Delivery 2006–2008
.. Model-56 105mm Towed gun (2002) .. Delivery 2006–2008

Venezuela
S: Brazil 12 AMX-T FGA/trainer aircraft 2002 .. AMX-ATA version; incl 4 AMX-E EW version;
delivery from 2005
Canada (3) Bell-412EP Helicopter (2001) 2003 (3)
France 8 AS-350/550 Fennec Light helicopter 2003 .. Deal worth $50 m; AS-550C2 Fennec version
Israel (176) Python-4 BVRAAM 2003 .. Deal worth $7.5 m; for F-16A FGA aircraft

Viet Nam
S: Poland 2 An-28/M-28B Bryza-1R MP aircraft 2003 .. Delivery from 2004
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS

Russia 2 Mi-8/Mi-17/Hip-H Helicopter 2002 .. Mi-17 version; delivery 2004

537
Recipient/ Year Year(s) No.
538

supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/

or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments

2 SA-10d/S-300PMU-1 SAM system 2003 .. Deal worth $250-380 m incl missiles; delivery 2005
(72) SA-10 Grumble/48N6 SAM 2003 .. Deal worth $250-380 m incl 2 SA-10d/S-300PMU-1
SAM systems; delivery 2005
(72) SA-16 Gimlet/Igla-1 Portable SAM (1996) 2001–2003 (36) SA-N-10 version for BPS-500 Type (Ho-A Class)
FAC; desig uncertain
(32) SS-N-25/Kh-35 Uran Anti-ship missile (1996) 2001–2003 (12) For BPS-500 Type (Ho-A Class) FAC
(2) BPS-500/Type-1241A FAC(M) 1996 2001 1 Assembled in Viet Nam; Vietnamese desig Ho-A
Class

Yemen
S: Russia (15) MiG-29S/Fulcrum-C FGA aircraft (2001) 2002–2003 (15) Deal worth $300–437 m; no. ordered could be up to
24

Zimbabwe
S: Libya 3 MiG-23MF/Flogger-B Fighter aircraft 2000 2003 (3) Ex-Libyan
MILITARY SPENDING AND AR MAME N TS, 2003
Acronyms and abbreviations Conventions
ac Aircraft EU European Union .. Data not available or not applicable
AALS Amphibious assault landing ship FAC Fast attack craft ( ) Uncertain data or SIPRI estimate
6
AAV Anti-aircraft vehicle FGA Fighter/ground attack m million (10 )
9
ABL Armoured bridge-layer FMF Foreign Military Funding (US) b billion (10 )
ACV Air-cushion vessel (hovercraft) (G) Gun-armed
AEV Armoured engineer vehicle IFV Infantry fighting vehicle
AEW Airborne early-warning incl Including/include(s) ‘Contract not yet signed’ is used in the comments field
AEW&C Airborne early-warning and control LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam when sources indicate that preliminary agreements
AFSV Armoured fire support vehicle (M) Missile-armed have been signed, but when the final contract has not
AGS Airborne ground-surveillance MCM Mine countermeasures yet been signed.
ALV Armoured logistic vehicle MLU Mid-life update
AMV Anti-mine vehicle MP Maritime patrol ‘Status uncertain’ is used in the comments field when
APC Armoured personnel carrier MRL Multiple rocket launcher sources are contradictory about the (continued)
APC/CP Armoured personnel carrier/ NBC Nuclear, biological and chemical existence of the reported deal.
command post no. Number
arty Artillery OPV Offshore patrol vessel ‘Unknown’ is used in cases where it has not been
ARV Armoured recovery vehicle SAM Surface-to-air missile possible to identify a supplier or recipient with an
AS Anti-ship SAR Search and rescue acceptable degree of certainty.
ASM Air-to-surface missile SIGINT Signals intelligence
ASW Anti-submarine warfare SLCM Submarine-launched cruise missile ‘Multiple sellers’ is used in cases where the weapon is
BVRAAM Beyond visual range air-to-air missile SRAAM Short-range air-to-air missile a co-production of two or more countries and where it
CIWS Close-in weapon system SSM Surface-to-surface missile has not been possible to identify the final supplier; the
CP Command post surv Surveillance co-producing countries are mentioned in the comments
CSAR Combat SAR UAE United Arab Emirates field and the final supplier will be known when actual
desig Designation UAV Unmanned air vehicle (drone) deliveries will take place.
ELINT Electronic intelligence VIP Very important person
INTERNATIONAL A RMS TRANSFERS
539
Appendix 12C. Sources and methods for arms
transfers data
BJ Ö RN H A G ELIN and S IEM O N T. WEZEM A N

The SIPRI Arms Transfers Project reports on international flows of conventional

weapons. Since publicly available information is inadequate for the tracking of all
weapons and other military equipment, SIPRI covers only what it terms major con-
ventional weapons.1
Data are collected from open sources in the SIPRI arms transfers database and pre-
sented in a register that identifies the suppliers, recipients and weapon deliveries, and
in tables that provide a measure of the trends in the total flow of major weapons and
its geographical pattern. SIPRI has developed a unique trend-indicator value system.
The figures produced by the system are not comparable to official economic statistics
such as gross domestic product, public expenditure and export/import figures.
The database covers the period from 1950. Data collection and analysis are a con-
tinuous process. As new data become available the database is updated for all years
included in the database.2

I. Selection criteria and coverage

Selection criteria

SIPRI uses the term ‘transfer’ rather than ‘trade’ since the latter is usually associated
with ‘sale’. SIPRI covers not only sales of weapons, including manufacturing
licences, but also other forms of weapon supply, including aid and gifts.
The weapons transferred must be destined for the armed forces, paramilitary forces
or intelligence agencies of another country. Weapons supplied to or from rebel forces
in an armed conflict are included as deliveries to or from the individual rebel forces,
identified under separate ‘recipient’ or ‘supplier’ headings. Supplies to or from inter-
national organizations are also included and categorized in the same fashion. In cases
where deliveries are identified but where it is not possible to identify either the sup-
plier or the recipient with an acceptable degree of certainty, transfers are registered as
coming from ‘unknown’ suppliers or going to ‘unknown’ recipients. Suppliers are
termed ‘multiple’ only if there is a transfer agreement for weapons that are produced
by two or more cooperating countries and if it is not clear which country will make
the delivery.
Weapons must be transferred voluntarily by the supplier. This includes weapons
delivered illegally—without proper authorization by the government of the supplier
or the recipient country—but excludes captured weapons and weapons obtained from

1 A complete description of the SIPRI Arms Transfers Project methodology, including a list of the
sources used, is available on the SIPRI Internet site at URL <http://www.sipri.se/projects/armstrade/
atmethods.html>.
2 Thus data from several SIPRI Yearbooks or other SIPRI publications cannot be combined or
compared. Readers who require time-series trend-indicator value data for periods before the years
covered in this Yearbook or who require updated registers should contact SIPRI, preferably via the
Internet site at URL <http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/atrequest.html>.
 INTER NATIONAL AR M S TR ANS F ER S 541

defectors. Finally, the weapons must have a military purpose. Systems such as
aircraft used mainly for other branches of government but registered with and
operated by the armed forces are excluded. Weapons supplied for technical or arms
procurement evaluation purposes only are not included.

Major conventional weapons: the coverage

SIPRI covers only what it terms major conventional weapons, defined as:
1. Aircraft: all fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, including unmanned reconnais-
sance/surveillance aircraft, with the exception of micro-light aircraft, powered and
unpowered gliders and target drones.
2. Armoured vehicles: all vehicles with integral armour protection, including all
types of tank, tank destroyer, armoured car, armoured personnel carrier, armoured
support vehicle and infantry fighting vehicle.
3. Artillery: naval, fixed, self-propelled and towed guns, howitzers, multiple rocket
launchers and mortars, with a calibre equal to or above 100 millimetres (mm).
4. Radar systems: all land-, aircraft- and ship-based active (radar) and passive (e.g.,
electro-optical) surveillance systems with a range of at least 25 kilometres (km), with
the exception of navigation and weather radars, and all fire-control radars, with the
exception of range-only radars. In cases where the system is fitted on a platform
(vehicle, aircraft or ship), the register only notes those systems that come from a
different supplier than the supplier of the platform.
5. Missiles: all powered, guided missiles and torpedoes with conventional war-
heads. Unguided rockets, guided but unpowered shells and bombs, free-fall aerial
munitions, anti-submarine rockets and target drones are excluded.
6. Ships: all ships with a standard tonnage of 100 tonnes or more, and all ships
armed with artillery of 100-mm calibre or more, torpedoes or guided missiles, with
the exception of most survey ships, tugs and some transport ships.
The statistics presented refer to transfers of weapons in these six categories only.
Transfers of other military equipment—such as small arms/light weapons, trucks,
artillery under 100-mm calibre, ammunition, support equipment and components, as
well as services or technology transfers—are not included.

II. The SIPRI trend indicator

The SIPRI system for the valuation of arms transfers is designed as a trend-
measuring device. It permits the measurement of changes in the total flow of major
weapons and its geographical pattern. The trends presented in the tables of SIPRI
trend-indicator values are based only on actual deliveries during the year/years
covered in the relevant tables and figures, not on orders signed in a year.
The trend-indicator value system, in which similar weapons have similar values,
reflects both the quantity and the quality of the weapons transferred. The value
reflects the transfer of military resources.
Arms transfers can be measured with several objectives in mind. The two most
common objectives are to gain knowledge about the economic factor and about the
military implications of arms transfers. However, different goals require different
statistical approaches.
542 M ILITAR Y S P ENDING AND AR M AM ENTS , 2 0 0 2

The SIPRI values do not reflect the money value of (or payments for) weapons
transferred. This is impossible for three reasons. First, in many cases no reliable data
on the value of a transfer are available. Second, even if the value of a transfer is
known, it is in almost every case the total value of a deal, which may include not only
the weapons entered in the SIPRI database but also other items related to these
weapons (e.g., spare parts, armament or ammunition) as well as support systems (e.g.,
specialized vehicles) and items related to the integration of the weapon in the armed
forces (e.g., software changes to existing systems or training). Third, even if the value
of a transfer is known, there remains the problem that important details about the
financial arrangements of the transfer (e.g., credit/loan conditions and discounts) are
usually not known.3
Measuring the military implications of transfers would require a concentration on
the value of the weapons as a military resource. Again, this could be done from the
actual money values of the weapons transferred, assuming that these values generally
reflect the military capability of the weapon. However, the problems enumerated
above would still apply (e.g., a very expensive weapon may be transferred as aid at a
‘zero’ price, and therefore not show up in financial statistics, but still be a significant
transfer of military resources). The SIPRI solution is a system in which military
resources are measured by including an evaluation of the technical parameters of the
weapons. The tasks and performance of the weapons are evaluated and the weapons
are assigned a value in an index. These values reflect the military resource value of
the weapon in relation to other weapons. This can be done under the condition that a
number of benchmarks or reference points are established by assigning some
weapons a fixed place in the index. These are the core of the index, and all other
weapons are compared to these core weapons.
In short, the process of calculating the SIPRI trend-indicator value for individual
weapons is as follows.
For a number of weapon types (noted in the register as the ‘weapon designation’) it
is possible to find the actual average unit acquisition price in open sources. It is
assumed that such real prices roughly reflect the military resource value of a system.
For example, a combat aircraft bought for $10 million may be assumed to be a
resource twice as great as one bought for $5 million, and a submarine bought for
$100 million may be assumed to be 10 times the resource a $10 million combat air-
craft would represent. Those weapons with a real price are used as the core weapons
of the valuation.
Weapons for which a price is not known are compared with core weapons. This
comparison is made in the following steps.

1. The description of a weapon is compared with the description of the core

weapon. In cases where no core weapon exactly matches the description of the
weapon for which a price is to be found, the closest match is sought.
2. Standard characteristics of size and performance (weight, speed, range and pay-
load) are compared with those of a core weapon of a similar description. For
example, a 15 000-kg combat aircraft would be compared with a combat aircraft of
similar size.

3 It is possible to present a very rough idea of the economic factors from the financial statistics now
available from most arms-exporting countries. However, most of these statistics lack sufficient detail.
 INTER NATIONAL AR M S TR ANS F ER S 543

3. Other characteristics, such as the type of electronics, loading/unloading arrange-

ments, engine, tracks or wheels, armament and materials, are compared.
4. Weapons are compared with a core weapon from the same period.

Production under licence is included in the arms transfer statistics to reflect the
average percentage of licensee-imported components embodied in the weapon (in
reality this import share may fluctuate, often gradually decreasing over time). Sup-
plies of sub-systems from other sources than the licenser registered in the database
are not included (unless these sub-systems are weapons as defined by SIPRI for the
database, in which case a separate record is included in the database with details for
these systems).
Weapons delivered in ‘second-hand’ condition are given a standard value of 40 per
cent of the value assigned to the new weapon; second-hand weapons that have been
significantly refurbished or modified by the supplier before delivery (and have
thereby become a greater military resource) are given a value of 66 per cent of the
new value. In reality there may be huge differences in the military resource value of a
second-hand weapon depending on its condition after use and the modifications dur-
ing the years of use.
The SIPRI trend indicator does not measure military value or effectiveness. It does
not take into account the conditions under which a weapon is operated (e.g., an F-16
combat aircraft operated by well-balanced, well-trained and well-integrated armed
forces has a much greater military value than the same aircraft operated by a develop-
ing country; the resource is the same but the effect is very different). The trend indi-
cator also accepts the prices of the core weapons as genuine rather than reflecting
costs which, even if officially part of the programme, are not exclusively related to
the weapon itself—for example, funds that seem to be part of a programme could be
related to optional add-ons and armament or to the development of basic technology
that will also be included (free of cost) in other programmes but have for the sake of
convenience been put under one programme, and hidden government subsidies to
keep industry in being by paying more than the weapon is worth.

III. Sources
The sources for the data presented in the arms transfers register are of a wide
variety—newspapers; periodicals and journals; books, monographs and annual
reference works; and official national and international documents. The common
criterion for all these sources is that they are open—published and available to the
general public.
Such open information cannot, however, provide a comprehensive picture of world
arms transfers. Published reports often provide only partial information, and substan-
tial disagreement between them is common. Order and delivery dates and exact num-
bers, or even types, of weapons ordered and delivered, or the identity of suppliers or
recipients, may not always be clear from the sources. The exercise of judgement and
the making of estimates are therefore important elements in compiling the SIPRI
arms transfers database. Estimates are kept at conservatively low levels (and may
very well be underestimates).
All sources of data as well as calculations of estimates, while not published by
SIPRI, are documented in the SIPRI database.