AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

WHITE-HAZY 2

MARCH 2022

MARKS: 100

TIME: 2 HOURS
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARCH 2022

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B

2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this

question paper.

5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

6. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable.

7. Write neatly and legibly

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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES MARCH 2022

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number
(1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 D.

1.1.1. The process during which a farm animal takes in food through its mouth:
A. Egestion
B. Digestion
C. Ingestion
D. Absorption

1.1.2. Substances given to farm animals to balance their nutrient intake are called ...
A. Antibiotics.
B. Supplements.
C. Enzymes.
D. Neutralisers.

1.1.3. A … ration is given to an unproductive farm animal.

A. nutritive
B. maintenance
C. fodder
D. production

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1.1.4. Which method of mineral supplementation in animals can best be associated with
this diagram?

A. Injection
B. Cafeteria style
C. Restricted mineral lick
D. Feedlot

1.1.5. The structure found in the stomach of a young ruminant that transports milk directly
to the abomasum.
A. Rumen
B. Pancreatic groove
C. Oesophageal groove
D. Simple stomach

1.1.6. The ... of the fowl can be compared with the abomasum of a ruminant.
A. Ventriculus
B. glandular stomach
C. crop
D. stone stomach

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1.1.7. A feed with 64% total non-nitrogenous substances and a digestible protein of 8%,
has a nutritive ratio of ...
A. 1: 6.
B. 1: 7.
C. 1: 9.
D. 1: 8.

1.1.8. The type of protein with the highest biological value is ...
A. Fish protein.
B. Egg protein.
C. Milk protein.
D. Soya beans protein.

1.1.9. The nutrient that provides immunity to protect an animal’s body against germs and
antigens.
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins

1.1.10. A feed with a high digestibility coefficient contains …

A. Less fibre and more digestible nutrients.
B. More fibre and more digestible nutrients.
C. Less fibre and less digestible nutrients.
D. More fibre and less digestible nutrients. (10 x 2) (20)

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1.2. Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B ONLY,
BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only, both A
and B or none next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 1.2.6 B only.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.2.1 A Copper Wasting disease

B Cobalt
1.2.2. A Gross energy The energy available for production and
B Metabolic energy maintenance
1.2.3. A High DP content Concentrate feed suitable for growth, milk
B Low fibre content production and reproduction
1.2.4. A NR of 1 : 6 Feed ratio suitable for the fattening of farm
B NR of 1 : 10 animals
1.2.5. A Vitamin E The vitamin responsible for blood clotting in
B Vitamin D fowls
(5 x 2) (10)

1.3. Give ONE term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the
question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK

1.3.1. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the alimentary canal for the
movement of food

1.3.2. The amino acids that determines the biological value of a protein

1.3.3. The enzyme in the saliva of pigs responsible for the chemical change from starch to
simple sugars

1.3.4. An alkaline liquid that is produced by the liver and released into the small intestine to
assist in the digestion of fats

1.3.5. Feeds that contain a large volume per unit mass and a low percentage of digestible
nutrients. (5 x 2) (10)

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1.4. Change the underlined word(s) in each of the following statements to make them true.
Write the appropriate word(s) next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) on the answer
book.

1.4.1. Reticulum has many leaf-like folds that absorb water.

1.4.2. Painting the teats of sows with zinc decreases the chances of anaemia in piglets.

1.4.3. Fundic muscles prevent food from the oesophagus from entering the stomach of a
pig.
1.4.4. Fermentation of waste products in a cow occurs in the abomasum.

1.4.5. Mastication is a chemical form of digestion which increases the surface area of food
for effective enzyme activity. (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION

2.1. The diagrams below show the alimentary canal, stomach and process occurring in the
stomach of a farm animal.

2.1.1. Indicate the ages of the animals with a stomach as in DIAGRAM A

and DIAGRAM B. (2)
2.1.2. Give a reason visible in DIAGRAM A and DIAGRAM B to justify the answer to
QUESTION 2.1.1. (2)
2.1.3. Identify the processes illustrated by arrow A and arrow B in DIAGRAM B. (2)

2.1.4. Explain the importance of the process illustrated by arrow B in digestion. (2)

2.1.5. State the difference of part F in DIAGRAM C with that of a pig. (1)

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2.1.6. Identify the letter representing the stomach of the animal in DIAGRAM C that
corresponds with part C in DIAGRAM B in terms of functioning. (1)
(10)
2.2. The diagram below indicates the teeth of farm animals.

2.2.1. Indicate whether the teeth in the diagram above represent the lower
or upper jaws. (1)
2.2.2. Name the type of digestion done by the teeth in the diagram above. (1)

2.2.3. Explain the importance of teeth together with saliva in FARM ANIMAL 1. (2)

2.2.4. Name the part of a fowl that performs the same function done by teeth in the
diagram above. (1)
2.2.5. Explain the path of milk in FARM ANIMAL 2. (2)

(7)

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2.3. Choose ONE mineral or vitamin from the list below that matches the following
descriptions. Write only the mineral or vitamin next to the question numbers (2.3.1 to
2.3.4) in the ANSWER BOOK.

Iron; zinc; phosphorus; vitamin B1; vitamin A; vitamin K

2.3.1. A deficiency of this causes parakeratosis in pigs (1)

2.3.2. Improves vision, especially at night (1)

2.3.3. A deficiency of this causes animals to chew dry bones (1)

2.3.4. Necessary for blood clotting in chickens (1)

2.3.5. The table below shows the quantities of minerals in three different rations prepared
for animals.

2.3.5.1. Draw a combined bar graph of the different quantities of minerals in the three
different rations. (6)

(10)

2.4. The following information was used during a digestibility trial conducted on a group of
ruminant farm animals:
Dry material content of the feed = 88%

Dry material content of the manure = 77%

Manure excreted = 3, 5 kg

Average feed intake = 10 kg

2.4.1 Calculate the digestibility co-efficient of this feed. (5)

2.4.2 Classify the feed of the value calculated in QUESTION 2.4.1. (1)

2.4.3. Name TWO factors that determine the digestibility of feed. (2)

2.4.4. Suggest THREE methods to improve the digestibility of feed. (3)

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2.5. The table below shows the composition of two feeds (A and B).

2.5.1. Calculate the nutritive ratio (NR) of feed A. (4)

2.5.2. Identify the feed (A or B) that is most suitable for fattening animals.
Justify your answer. (3)

2.5.3. Indicate the feed (A or B) that is most suitable for young, growing animals.
Motivate your answer. (3)
(10)

2.6. Maize and sunflower oilcake meal were used to prepare a balanced ration for farm
animals. These animals need 18% digestible protein in their ration. Maize has a
digestible protein content of 9% and sunflower oilcake meal has 38%.

2.6.1. Use the Pearson square to calculate the ratio of maize to sunflower oilcake meal
needed in the feed mixture. (4)
2.6.2. Calculate the percentage of maize that is included in this mixture. (3)

(7)

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2.7. The diagram below shows the energy values of a feed.

2.7.1. Calculate the energy value represented by A. Show ALL calculations. (2)

2.7.2. Identify the energy loss in B. (1)

2.7.3. Give TWO reasons why energy in C is important to farm animals. (2)

(5)

SECTION B: 55

TOTAL MARK: 100

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