Asme B107.59-2002
Asme B107.59-2002
AND STRIKING
WREMCHES
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ASME B107.5!-!00!
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
Date of Issuance: August 26, 2002
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a
new edition. There will be no addenda issued t o this edition.
This code o: standa:d :.as d c ï c ! ~ p c dunde: p:ûcedü;rs acc:edi:ed as meeting :he ciitaiiâ :vi
American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced t o assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
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Copyright Q 2002 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
Foreword ............................................................................ iv
Committee Roster .................................................................... v
Correspondence With the B107 Committee .............................................. vi
1 Scope .......................................................................... 1
3 Definitions ..................................................................... 1
4 Requirements .................................................................. 2
4.1 Design ...................................................................... 2
4.2 Materials .................................................................... 3
4.3 Mechanical Properties ........................................................ 3
4.4 Markings .................................................................... 3
4.5 Wrench Openings ............................................................ 3
5 Tests ........................................................................... 3
5.1 Hardness Determination Test ................................................. 3
5.2 Impact Test ................................................................. 3
...
111
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The American National Standards Committee B 107, Socket Wrenches and Drives, under
sponsorship of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, was reorganized as an
ASME Standards Committee and its title was changed to Hand Tools and Accessories. In
1996, the B209 Committee, which had designated a proposed version of this Standard as
B209.11, merged with the B107 Committee, and the B107 Committee scope was expanded
to include safety considerations.
The purposes of this Standard are to define essential performance and safety considerations
specifically applicable to slugging and striking wrenches, to specify test methods to evaluate
performance relating to the defined considerations, and to indicate limitations of safe use.
The format of this Standard is in accordance with The ASME Code and Standards Writing
Guide 2000. Suggestions for the improvement of this Standards and requests for interpretations
of the technical requirements of this Standard should be expressed in writing to The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Secretary, B 107 Main Committee, Three Park
Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
The requirements of this Standard become effective at the time of publication. This
revision was approved as an American National Standard on May 13, 2002.
iv
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OFFICERS
R. R. McCullough, Chair
G. E. Olson, Vice Chair
J. R. Bird, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
J. R. Bird, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
J. Davidson, Sears Roebuck and Co.
J. S. Foote, Trade Association Management, Inc.
A. Herskovitz, Consultant
H. Kimball, Naval Air Warfare Center
R. R. McCullough, Consultant
D. S. McKittrick, Western Forge
G. E. Olson, Gene Olson Engineering Consultant Ltd.
W. T. Pagac, Snap-on Inc.
D. M. Eggert, Alternate, Snap-on Inc.
J. M. Ster, General Services Administration
I. I. Harding, Alternate, General Services Administration
R. B. Wright, Wright Tool Co.
W. C. Snyder, Alternate, Wright Tool Co.
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General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the
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Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee
meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, B 107 Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
vi
serve as a guide in selecting, testing, and using the New York, NY 10016; Order Department: 22 Law
hand tools covered herein. It is not the purpose of this Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300
Standard to specify the details of manufacturing. ASTM E18-00, Standard Test Method for Rockwell
This Standard is also meant to serve as a guide in Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Me-
developing manuals and posters and for training person- tallic Materials
nel to work safely.
This Standard may be used as a guide by state Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials
authorities or other regulatory bodies in the formulation (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
of laws or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary hocken. PA 19428
use by establishments that use or manufacture the tools
covered. The method employed to ensure compliance
with this Standard shall be determined by the proper 3 DEFINITIONS
regulatory or administrative authority. box end: portion of wrench that engages axially on
a fastener.
chamfer: angled flat surface or equivalent radius encir-
cling the perimeter of the struck face.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
equivalent: The word equivalent in this Standard shall
The following is a list of publications referenced in be interpreted to mean alternative designs or features
this Standard. that will provide an equal degree of performance and
safety.
Guide to Hand Tools-Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
Use and Care safety message: information imprinted on or affixed
to the wrench that is intended to promote safety.
Publisher: Hand Tools Institute, 25 North Broadway,
Tarrytown, NY 10591-3201 shall and should: Mandatory requirements of this
Standard are characterized by the work shall. If a
ANSI 287.1-1989 (R1988), Practice for Occupational provision is of an advisory nature, it is indicated by
and Educational Eye and Face Protection; Supplement the word should or is stated as a recommendation.
ANSI Z87.1A- 1991. shank: portion of wrench between the box end and
Publisher: American National Standards Institute struck block.
(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036 struck block: portion of wrench opposite the box end
having a square or rectangular cross section that includes
ASME B107.6-1994, Wrenches-Box, Angled, Open that struck faces.
End, Combination, Flare Nut, and Tappet (Inch
Series) struck face: surface of struck block exclusive of the
ASME B 107.9M-1994, Wrenches-Box, Angled, Open chamfer that is intended to be struck with a striking
End, Combination, Flare Nut, and Tappet (Metric tool while torquing fasteners.
Series) struck face crown: convex shape or radius of the
struck face (if provided).
i
Box end Shank LI-A
Struck Box end
face
-k Length -
4
FIG. 1 NOMENCLATURE FOR STRIKING
WRENCHES
FIG. 2 NOMENCLATURE FOR SLUGGING
WRENCHES
4 REQUIREMENTS
covered by this Standard are not limited to those named
4.1 Design or illustrated.
Slugging and striking wrenches shall have a box end (a) The struck faces of slugging and striking
for turning fasteners and a struck block at the opposite wrenches shall have a crowned or a flat surface.
end with struck faces to be struck by a striking tool (b) The struck faces of slugging and striking
of the appropriate type and size. The appropriate striking wrenches shall have a chamfer of approximately 45
tool, such as a ball peen hammer, blacksmith’s hammer, deg or equivalent radius around the perimeter having
maul, or sledge shall have a striking face diameter not a width equal to approximately one-tenth the struck
less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) larger than the struck face width (see Fig. 3). For example, if the struck face
face width of the wrench. See Table 1. width is 1.00 in. (25.4 mm), then the chamfer width
Typical styles of slugging and striking wrenches are would be approximately 0.10 in. (2.5 mm).
shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Slugging wrenches generally (c) All slugging and striking wrenches shall be free of
have thicker cross sections than striking wrenches and nonfunctional sharp edges, points, and surface roughness
are intended for withstanding heavier blows. The styles that could inflict personal injury when handling the tool.
Chamfer width
Cross Section Chamfer Cross Section
Radius
They shall conform to the requirements for mechanical 5.1 Hardness Determination Test
properties specified in para. 4.3 and shall withstand
Hardness determination shall be made in accordance
the impact test specified in para. 5.2.
with ASTM E18 or equivalent.
4.2 Materials
5.2 Impact Test
The materiais used in the manufacture of slugging
Sample wrenches shall be subjected to the impact
and striking wrenches shall be such as to produce
test in para. 5.2.1 or 5.2.2, depending on the style of
slugging and striking wrenches conforming to the re-
wrench. The struck block of the wrench shall not crack
quirements specified herein.
or chip. There shall be no bending of the shank or
twisting of the box end. There shall be no cracks evident
4.3 Mechanical Properties
on any portion of the wrench. Normal deformation of
Slugging and striking wrenches shall be through the struck face and the box end of the wrench is
hardened and tempered to a maximum hardness of 44 permitted. '
HRC or equivalent.
5.2.1 Slugging Wrench. Three samples of the
4.4 Markings same style and size slugging wrench shall be mounted
on a hexagonal mandrel with the middle wrench offset
Each wrench shall be marked in a plain and permanent 30 deg with respect to the other wrenches. The hexago-
manner with the nominal wrench opening and safety nal mandrel shall meet the requirements of ASME
message. See para. 6(k). B107.6 or ASME B107.9M as applicable. Steel shims
0.25 in. (6.4 mm) thick shall be placed under the heads
4.5 Wrench Openings of the two wrenches on the ends of the mandrel, and
Wrench openings shall be such as to ensure accept- the assembly clampled at each of these heads to a
ance when gaged with gages conforming to ASME rigidly supported steel block weighing not less than
B107.17M. 400 lb (182 kg). The drop weight shall have a striking
face hardness of not less than 45 HRC or equivalent
nor more than 60 HRC or equivalent and shall be
5 TESTS dropped squarely onto the struck face of the middle
Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous wrench. The striking face diameter of the drop weight
and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be not less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) larger than
shall be employed in conducting such tests. the struck face width of the wrench being struck.
Slugging and striking wrenches shall be capable of
meeting the tests specified in paras. 5.1 and 5.2. Separate ' The test is so severe that a degree of permissible deformation
(new) wrenches shall be used for each test. Failure to such as the denting of the box end wrenching surfaces and the
struck face can be anticipated. A much less severe test would
meet the requirements of the applicable tests indicates avoid this, but it would not provide the level of safety assurance
that the wrenches do not comply with this Standard. desired.
3
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Slugging (offset and Less than 2 (51) 10 (4.5) 10 (3.0) 100 (136)
straight shank)
At least 2 (51),but 15 (6.8) 10 (3.0) 150 (203)
less than 2y4 (70)
At least 1
7' (41),but 10 (4.5) 5 (15) 50 (68)
less than 23/8 (60)
/Weight
I
/
".-iV ,-Middle wrench to be horizontal
901 deg
i-7-k- I
\
30 dea offset
Clamp
Typically, the drop weight is cylindrical and is dropped 5.2.2 Striking Wrench. Three samples of the same
through a seamless tube slighty larger in diameter. style and size striking wrench shall be mounted and
Drop weights and drop heights are listed in Table 2. tested using the same apparatus and method used in
The drop weight shall be dropped 100 times onto the para. 5.2.1, except the drop weight shall be dropped
struck face of the middle wrench (see Fig. 4 for 20 times onto the struck face of the middle wrench.
illustration of impact test setup). Alternate methods of Drop weights and drop heights are listed in Table 2.
striking the wrench may be used if the required impact Alternate methods of striking the wrench may be used
energy in Table 2 is satisfied. if the required impact energy in Table 2 is satisfied.
6 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND prior to each use and their use discontinued at the first
LIMITATIONS OF USE sign of bending of the shank or chipping or cracking
of the box end or struck block.
Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and
(g) Deformation of the wrenching configuration may
safety in the use of slugging and striking wrenches
occur from tool usage. Wrenches shall be inspected
and shall emphasize the necessity to wear and ensure
prior to each use and their use discontinued at the first
the use of safety goggles. The publication, Guide to
sign of significant wrenching surface deterioration.
Hand Tools-Selection, Safety Tips, Proper Use and
( h ) Except as indicated in para..6(i), no area, section,
Cure provides guidelines for the safe use of hand tools.
or portion of the wrench shall. be ground, welded,
(u) Slugging and striking wrenches are special-pur-
treated by reheating, or otherwise altered from the
pose tools designed and intended only for use with
original condition as furnished by the manufacturer.
heavy-duty fasteners where shock or impact is needed
to fully tighten or loosen. ( i ) At the first indication of mushrooming, the struck
face and struck face chamfer of the wrench shall be
(b) To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury,
redressed to its original contour by the use of a hand
slugging and striking wrenches shall be used only for
file or whetstone.2
the purpose specified in para. 6(a).
(j) Care shall be exercised to prevent the wrench
( c ) A striking tool should always be used with the
from dislodging from the fastner or nut while being
striking face parallel to the struck face of the wrench.
impacted.
Glancing blows, overstrikes, and understrikes should
( k ) Each wrench shall be permanently marked by
be avoided. No surface of the wrench other than the
the manufacturer with the following safety message or
struck face shall be struck. The striking tool of the
equivalent:
appropriate size shall have a striking face diameter not
6
less than 0.375 in (9.53 mm) larger than the struck WARNING
face of the wrench. WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
( d ) To avoid possible eye injury from flying objects, USER AND BYSTANDER
safety goggles or equivalent eye protection conforming
to ANSI 287.1 shall be worn by the user and all Pictorials are an accceptable equivalent. This safety
persons in the immediate area where any slugging and message shall be located in a position that will not
striking wrench is being used. interfere with the quality or performance of the tool.
( e ) Slugging and striking wrenches shall not be used
with ?cheater? pipes or other means to extend the It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities and
properly trained personnel may choose to redress the struck face
length of the tool. and struck face chamfer of these tools by other means without
(f)Slugging and striking wrenches shall be inspected altering the metallurgical characteristics of the tools.
5
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B107.53M-1998
Heavy Striking Tools: Safety Requirements ..................................................... B107.54-2001
Axes: Safety Requirements .................................................................. B107.55M-2002
Body Repair Hammers and Dolly B1ocks:Safety Requirements .................................. .B107.5 6.1999
Bricklayers' Hammers and Prospecting Picks: Safety Requirements ............................. .B107.5 7.2001
Riveting. Scaling. and Tinner's Setting Hammers: Safety Requirements ........................ B107.58M-1998
Slugging and Striking Wrenches ............................................................... B107.59-2002
Wrenches ................................................................................... B107.100-2002
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