Hand grip strength is a reliable and valid measure of general upper body strength. It is measured using a dynamometer to assess the maximum voluntary force an individual can generate using flexor and extensor muscles in their fingers and hand. Several factors can influence hand grip strength, including age, gender, fatigue, nutrition, and health issues. The test involves squeezing the dynamometer three times with both hands, recording the highest three measurements to account for muscle fatigue. Published norms provide average grip strength values according to age, gender, and dominant versus non-dominant hand.
Hand grip strength is a reliable and valid measure of general upper body strength. It is measured using a dynamometer to assess the maximum voluntary force an individual can generate using flexor and extensor muscles in their fingers and hand. Several factors can influence hand grip strength, including age, gender, fatigue, nutrition, and health issues. The test involves squeezing the dynamometer three times with both hands, recording the highest three measurements to account for muscle fatigue. Published norms provide average grip strength values according to age, gender, and dominant versus non-dominant hand.
Hand grip strength is a reliable and valid measure of general upper body strength. It is measured using a dynamometer to assess the maximum voluntary force an individual can generate using flexor and extensor muscles in their fingers and hand. Several factors can influence hand grip strength, including age, gender, fatigue, nutrition, and health issues. The test involves squeezing the dynamometer three times with both hands, recording the highest three measurements to account for muscle fatigue. Published norms provide average grip strength values according to age, gender, and dominant versus non-dominant hand.
Hand grip strength is a reliable and valid measure of general upper body strength. It is measured using a dynamometer to assess the maximum voluntary force an individual can generate using flexor and extensor muscles in their fingers and hand. Several factors can influence hand grip strength, including age, gender, fatigue, nutrition, and health issues. The test involves squeezing the dynamometer three times with both hands, recording the highest three measurements to account for muscle fatigue. Published norms provide average grip strength values according to age, gender, and dominant versus non-dominant hand.
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Hand Grip Strength
PROTOCOL About Hand Grip Strength
Reliable and valid evaluation of hand strength can provide an objective index of general upper body strength. The power grip is the result of forceful flexion of all finger joints with the maximum voluntary force that the subject is able to exert under normal biokinetic conditions. The synergistic action of flexor and extensor muscles and the interplay of muscle groups is an important factor in the strength of the resulting grip. Many factors influence the strength of the grip, including muscle strength, hand dominance, fatigue, time of day, age, nutritional status, restricted motion, and pain.
Procedure Adapted from Lafayette Instruments using Hand Dynomometer Model 78010 Illustrate the use of the instrument to the participant prior to testing. The participant should be in a standing position, arms at their side, not touching their body. Keep elbow bent slightly. Administer the test on the non-dominant hand. (Exception: In the event that hand grip must be done on the other side of the body from protocol, go ahead and do the measurement and record it as normal, but leave a marginal note indicating the side used, in case an analyst looks into it later as an outlier). Ask the participant to squeeze the dynamometer with as much force as possible, being careful to squeeze only once for each measurement. Three trials should be made with a pause of about 10-20 seconds between each trial to avoid the effects of muscle fatigue. Record the result of each trial to the nearest pound or kilogram. If the difference in scores is within 6.6 lbs. or 3 kgs., the test is complete. If the difference between any two measures is more than 6.6 lbs. or 3 kgs., then repeat the test once more after a rest period. Use the best 3 measurements (ie. the highest three) in your data report. When a 4th measurement is taken with the hand grip (when any of the 3 measurements are 3 kg apart) be sure the outlier (THE LOWEST VALUE) is crossed off with your initials so that the 3 HIGHEST measurements are clearly indicated for data entry. The results are compared to published age and sex-specific norms. (See Page 2.)
Hand Grip Strength Protocol
Continued Revised 09/03 Page 1 of 2
Evaluation of Hand Grip Strength Results
The following tables are averages based on data obtained from large groups of people. Significant variations from these figures should not necessarily be considered abnormal or indicative of a problem. For example, a 62 tall, 30 year old man weighing 210 lb. may have a higher grip strength than average, while a 30 year old, 57man weighing 135 lb. may have a lower than average grip strength. Strength testers are particularly useful in showing change over time. For example, measuring a persons strength during the course of an illness or injury can assess loss of strength. For someone recovering from an illness or injury who is undergoing physical therapy, measuring at the beginning and then at regular intervals can assess whether the therapy is having the desired results.
Adult Data for Lafayette Model 78010 Dynamometer*
Averages of Grip Strength in kg. for Adults Age 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Male Dominant Hand 36 kg 39 kg 40.25 kg 39 kg 37.5 kg 35.75 kg 33 kg Male Non Dominant Hand 35 kg 36 kg 36 kg 35.5 kg 34 kg 32.5 kg 30.25 kg Female Dominant Hand 21.5 kg 22 kg 21 kg 19.5 kg 18.5 kg 17.5 kg 17.5 kg Female Non Dominant Hand 19 kg 20 kg 19 kg 18.75 kg 17.75 kg 16.75 kg 16.5 kg
* From Lafayette Instrument Owners Manual from tests on more than 2000 subjects; 1986
