AIRBUS A350 HONEYWELL RDR-4000

气象雷达使用交流
翁嘉思
2024年6月

0
AESS RDR-4000气象雷达

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天气特征及雷达技术的局限性

2
气象雷达的基本知识 – 天气和雷达反射率

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与积雨云相关的危险
飞机面临的三个常见威胁是湍流（是由两团空气以不同的速度碰撞引起的）、冰雹和风切变。这三个都是
雷暴的的衍生品。

可能具有强对流的云团

湍流
与积雨云相关的湍流不是仅限于云层中。因此，飞行在积雨云已经形成的地区，需要根据建议进行避让

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与积雨云相关的危险
冰雹
积雨云中的冰雹随高度和风不同：
在FL100以下，冰雹同样可能在风暴云之下、云中或
其周围（高达2海里）遇到。
在FL100到FL200之间，大约60%的冰雹是在积雨云
中遇到的，40%是在下风向的云外遇到的。
在FL200以上，冰雹最有可能出现在云层内部。

在云外遇到冰雹时，积雨云的下风处通常会有更大的
冰雹威胁，因为强风会使云内的水汽上升。然后结冰，
变成冰雹，再被吹到下风处。矛盾的是，在潮湿的空
气中冰雹的风险比在干燥的空气中要低。实际中，空
气中的水分起着热传导的作用，有助于冰雹的融化。

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俯仰角控制

地形回波的影响
天气垂直分布的影响

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雷达波的发散

现实的雷达波不是完美的点波束，即使很小的波束角在远距离上发散巨大- 影响目标分辨率
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雷达波的发散

Standard storm is larger

than the beam width
(beam-filling).

Standard storm is smaller

than the beam width (non-
beam-filling).

目标距离的远近照成反射强度不同
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雷达波的发散

160nm

67,200’

80nm 33,600’

雷达波发散造成目标单位面积上分布的能量减少 - 回波偏弱
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雷达波的发散

通过STC(Senstivity Time Control)一定程度上解决

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地球曲率的影响

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地球曲率的影响-雷达地平线

雷达地平线的影响
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气象雷达的基本知识

飞跃现象(OVER FLY)
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气象雷达的基本知识

1977年 美国 Southern Airways Flight 242空难

雷达波衰减（雷达阴影）
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RDR-4000自动气象雷达

15
RDR4000 自动3D扫描

天线自动扫描
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根本区别
自动清除地面杂波

通过17个仰角的扫描，覆盖垂直方向 利用雷达内部的地形数据库，源于霍尼韦尔增强近地告警系统EGPWS（航
0到60000英尺，前方水平320海里的
空航天领域最成熟的地形数据库），但不依赖于EGPWS，从气象图像中抑
空域，以确保探测到任何风暴最具反
射性的部分。 制地面杂波，提供清晰准确的气象威胁显示。

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RDR-4000 垂直剖面显示 (VERTICAL PROFILE)-A350独有
IntuVue
Patent

A350带VSD显示的气象雷达信息- A320传统ND显示的气象信息
包括水平和垂直分布

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Honeywell
rights
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reproduced, -used,
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distributed International
or disclosed Inc.without
to others All rights
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WEATHER RADAR - OVERVIEW

水平模式
• Automatic weather (flight path based)
• Constant Altitude (manually selected)
• Manual Tilt (manually selected)
• Ground Map

垂直模式

• Unwound Flight Plan

• Actual Track
• Manual Azimuth (manually selected)

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19
AIRBUS A350控制面板

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AIRBUS A350 ND AND VD DISPLAY
21

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雷达开机/关机

开机 关机
当WX/PWS选择AUTO位，雷达预位

空中 • 自动 自动 • 落地后60秒钟自动关机

• 当飞机在地面且没有发动
• 至少一发启动
机运转，或
地面 同时 人工
• 当飞机在地面且飞行机组
• 至少一侧EFIS CP上的WX
收回襟翼
按键被按下

注意：如果油门杆被设置在TOGA位，雷达自动开机。
如果EFIS CP上没有选中WX电门，ND或VD上没有雷达
图像显示，若探测到PWS事件，ND和VD会自动显示
WX和PWS图像

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OPERATIONAL MODES -AUTO

The default selection of the weather radar is

Automatic (AUTO).
Analyzes data in the 3-D volumetric buffer to:
• Show weather relevant to the aircraft’s flight
path in solid colors – ON PATH
• Show weather secondary to the aircraft’s flight
path in cross-hatched colors – OFF PATH

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23
 ON-PATH VS OFF-PATH WEATHER

© 2015 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

Differentiates and Displays On Path and Off Path Weather

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 AUTO Mode

.
In this mode, the weather is displayed on the ND
between floor and roof boundaries along the aircraft
trajectory:
• In managed mode, according to the FMS vertical
Flight Plan limited by the FCU altitude, or
• In selected mode, according to the current FPA
used to compute the expected flight path slope
until FCU altitude Or
• The flight path extrapolated up to 60 nm, using
the Flight Path Angle (FPA), and limited to the
altitude at 60 nm. Aircraft Lower Envelope Upper Envelope
Altitude Boundary Boundary
Weather outside this envelope is considered as non- (feet MSL) (feet MSL) (feet MSL)
relevant and is displayed on the ND, alternating > 29,000 25,000
reflectivity and black stripes. Flight
Altitude
6,000 to 29,000 plus 4,000
Flight (max: 60,000)
Altitude
< 6,000 minus 4,000 10,000
(min: Gnd Elev)

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OPERATIONAL MODES –ELEVATION MODE

Activation via the CP requires a pull action on the ELEV rotary switch,
or selection of the ELEVN radio button on the MFD.
It is based on the elevation value selected (by pulling and
turning the ELEVN knob) and displayed:
• At the bottom right of the ND,
• As a white line on the VD

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OPERATIONAL MODES –ELEVATION MODE
• Independent Captain/FO controls
• Initial slice is at aircraft altitude (nearest 1000
ft)
• 0-to-60,000 feet MSL in 1000’ increments
• If the pilot’s altitude setting is set to Standard
Altitude, the display will indicate the Flight
Level (FL) of the depicted weather slice
• Thousands of Feet (KFT) if QNH/QFE
• Presentation maintained as aircraft altitude
changes
• Turbulence and PWS detect function still
working

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OPERATIONAL MODES –ELEVATION MODE
Measuring Storm Tops

Weather “slice” at 14,000 feet Weather “slice” at 27,000 feet

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL390

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL390

FL240
FL200

FL160

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL390

FL240
FL200

FL160

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“ELEVN”
MODE
Slice At 20,000’

FL390

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“ELEVN”
MODE
Slice At 20,000’

FL390

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“ELEVN”
MODE
Slice At 40,000’

FL390

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“ELEVN”
MODE
Slice At 40,000’

FL390

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE
DESCENT

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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OPERATIONAL MODE REVIEW

“AUTO”
MODE
DESCENT

FL430
FL390

FL250

FL200

20nm 40nm 60nm 80nm

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MANUAL TILT HORIZONTAL VIEW

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MANUAL TILT HORIZONTAL VIEW
The flight crew can select TILT Mode via the CP requires a double pull action on the ELEV rotary switch, or selection of the TILT radio button on the
MFD.

Extracts data from the 3D buffer at selected tilt angle

Earth curvature corrected

Ground returns removed

Default Tilt is 3° on Air and 0 ° on ground. The tilt angle can be selected in ¼° increments over a range of +15° to -15°.

Zero tilt value indicates the horizon as seen by the ADIRS.

“synthetic cut” through 3D buffer manually

“laser with selected manual tilt angle controlled
cut” tilt-angle

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TURBULENCE DETECTION

Turb探测功能扫描：
❖ +/- 60º 方位
❖ 0-60000FT MSL
❖ 飞机前方40/60NM
❖ 在ND和VD上用洋红色显示。注意：洋红色
可能叠加在任意颜色上，包括黑色
The gain setting has no effect on turbulence
detection or display.

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TURBULENCE DETECTION

默认位置，TURB自动工作 TURB功能关，
伴随WXR TURB OFF备忘信息

WXR设置在OFF位 WXR故障或
TURB功能故障

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Predictive Windshear
in the RDR-4000

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PWS COCKPIT ALERTS

Alert Level Visual Display Aural Alert

Advisory Icon only None

Caution Icon on ND. “Monitor Radar Display”

Amber “W/S AHEAD” on PFD, Flash for
9s and remains steady
Warning Icon on ND Take-Off:
Red “W/S AHEAD” on PFD, Flash for “Windshear Ahead,
9s and remains steady Windshear Ahead”
Approach:
“Go Around,
Windshear Ahead”

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Predictive Windshear System

➢ Provides alerts based on location, not severity

➢ Provides alerts for +/- 40 degrees ahead of the aircraft
➢ Looks out to 5nm ahead of the aircraft
➢ Provides a minimum of 10 seconds prior warning. (Giving 10 to 60 seconds of warning
before the encounter )
➢ Activates Automatically below 1800’ AGL. with alerts available at 1500 ft AGL and below
➢ Enabled via “Qualifiers”

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PWS探测区域 – 起飞阶段速度低于100节

*Alert在速度大于100节后被抑制直到高度高于50FT

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PWS探测区域 – 起飞阶段高度高于50英尺

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PWS探测区域 – 降落阶段

*Alerts在高度低于50FT后被抑制
*当AGL在370FT到50FT之间，WARNING被降级为CAUTION，报警距离从1.5NM减少到
0.5NM
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PWS指示

PRED W/S

*PWS不在VD上显示
*最多能同时探测和显示8个PWS事件
*PWS在MAP模式下也能探测/显示
*如果PWS事件被探测到的时候，ND没有选择WX模式（EFIS CP上WX电门没有按下），ND会自动转为WX显示。
*如果ND在ARC模式下量程设置大于10NM或在ROSE大于20NM，在PWS标志两侧有额外黄色射线指示。如果探测到多
个PWS事件，事件之间有重叠（标志中心的BEARING差异小于45°），则合用一组射线。如果事件标志中心的BEARING
大于+/-60°，则射线不会被添加

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PWS指示

如果AUTO RANGE/MODE功能不可用：
ND显示选择PLAN模式，在ND中心有W/S: CHANGE MODE信息。

如果ND在ARC或ROSE模式下量程设置大于10NM，在ND中心有W/S: SET RNG 10 NM 信息提示将量程设置

为10NM - 如果是PWS ALERT是WARNING, 信息为红色；如果是CAUTION，信息为琥珀色。

如果ND在ZOOM range，ND显示W/S：INCREASE RANGE信息。

PRED W/S：The PWS function is failed. Appears when the aircraft is on ground, or when the slats/flaps
lever position is not set to zero.

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Automatic PWS Activation

在MFD的CONTROL页面上，WX/PWS设置在AUTO位

在地面：

- 至少一台发动机启动同时至少有一侧EFIS CP上WX按钮按下

或者

- 在起飞（油门杆在TOGA）

在空中：

- 低于1500AGL

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VERTICAL PROFILE VIEWS - AZIMUTH MODE

The AZIM Mode provides a vertical

view of the weather along a
selected azimuth

The WXR extracts data from the 3D

buffer along the selected azimuth
and displays it on the VD

The crew selects the AZIM Mode by

pulling the VD AZIM knob on the
SURV panel

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56
VERTICAL PROFILE VIEWS - AZIMUTH MODE

AZIM有3种工作模式：

❑ Unwound Flight Plan （自动）

❑ Actual Track （自动）

❑ Manual Azimuth (manually selected)

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VERTICAL PROFILE VIEWS - AZIMUTH MODE
Flight Plan Vertical Profile View：
➢ 该模式为系统自动选择，无需飞行员操作
➢ 它将FLIGHT PLAN中的每一个SEGMENT的
垂直剖面链接起来显示 。
➢ 最多支持16个航路点。
➢ 左右侧可选择不同的FLIGHT PLAN，在VD上
可显示想对应的天气剖面。
➢ Alpha – point: FMS会显示纵向剖面里的第一
个变化点。在Alpha – point之后的背景会变暗，
提示这一段的飞行和之前的飞行段不在一条
直线上。

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VERTICAL PROFILE VIEWS - AZIMUTH MODE

Actual Track Vertical View

➢ 显示当前航迹TRACK所在的垂直剖面的天气。
➢ 当雷达没有收到来自FMS的有效飞行计划FLIGHT
PLAN或者FMS判断飞机位置与飞行计划FLIGHT
PLAN严重偏离时，自动激活Actual Track Vertical
View.

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VERTICAL PROFILE VIEWS - AZIMUTH MODE
Manual Azimuth Vertical View
人工选择所需的垂直剖面

• 通过拔起SURV PANEL上的VD AZIM旋钮激活人工选择，选择旋钮来设定所需TRACK。如果在30秒内没有转动旋钮，自动回到自动

模式
• 在VD上有VIEW ALONG AZIMUTH xxx°的信息， 被 取代。ND上有白线指示所选的方位。
• 可选择范围为当前的TRACK为中心+/-60°，调节进程为1°。跟随电子罗盘的转动而转动。
• And a grey background reflecting view outside aircraft current track.
• Flashes for 5 s before the WXR automatically reverts to the automatic mode.

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OPERATIONAL MODES - GAIN MODE

The manual GAIN Mode enables the flight crew to adjust the weather display sensitivity on the ND for in-
depth analysis
The crew can select the manual GAIN Mode by using the GAIN knob on the SURV panel or the GAIN
button on the SURV/CONTROLS page of the MFD
当进行人工调节时：有GAIN信息在ND上显示，并伴有百分比，50%为默认值，调节进程为5%，调节范围
在0-100%
人工增益不会改变TURB的显示。

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61
OPERATIONAL MODES - GAIN MODE

• When pushed, selects the AUTO GAIN Mode

• The GAIN function automatically adjusts
to the most appropriate setting

• When pulled, selects the manual GAIN Mode

• The GAIN mode operates automatically. This is

the default position.

• The flight crew manually selects the GAIN

value. When selected, an entry field appears
below the GAIN button. The flight crew should
enter the applicable GAIN percentage value.

完成天气评估后应将增益立刻设置回自动位，不能将增益长久放在人工位
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OPERATIONAL MODES - GAIN MODE

Rainfall Rate Table

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双冗余雷达天线驱动器

其他系统 IntuVue
单仰角和方位角电 双仰角和方位角电机
机成为单点故障。 使雷达可用性提高
Transceiver 900倍，显著减少空
故障将导致雷达功 Processor #1
#1
能完全丧失 EL AZ 中折返和远离基地的
EL AZ
EL AZ AOGs
Transceiver
#2 Processor #2
Antenna
Antenna
Drive
Drive

只有收发器是 扩展双系统
两台
双雷达与单电机天线驱动 双雷达与双冗余天线驱动器

双冗余驱动器优势:
• 单电机故障后，雷达仍可工作 在雷达可用性上
• 防止由于雷达故障而导致的空中折返 提升900倍 ! !
• 防止远离基地的AOG
• 提升可靠性，任何时间只需要一组电机在工作状态

建议：在去程和回程使用不同的雷达系统
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
 Radar Line of Sight雷达视线

Altitude Range

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 Radar Line of Sight

Altitude Range

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 Operational Examples操作范例

Altitude Range

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 Operational Examples

Altitude Range

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 Operational Examples

Altitude Range

END OF THE TEMPLATE

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AIRBUS HAZARD V2.0 DISPLAY
Increased Awareness of Threats
THREAT
Hail
Most Severe

Lightning Attenuation
More Severe

Turbulence
Severe

Heavy Rainfall
Possibly Severe

• 通过选中MFD上的 激活。在ND显示至多160NM内未来5-10钟内
可能发生闪电或冰雹的区域。显示发生了严重雷达信号衰减的区域
（REACT）。MAP模式和VD不会显示。
• REACT功能即使HZD不被选中，也会工作。
• 每个标志都是位于危险区域的中心。标志的大小随着距离圈的变化而调节。

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
MAP MODE: IDENTIFY AREAS OF ATTENUATION (V1)

AUTO MODE MAP MODE

Removes ground returns Removes most weather returns making areas of severe
attenuation easy to identify

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
HAZARD 2.0 冰雹及雷电预测

Honeywell RDR-4000 V1.0 Honeywell RDR-4000 V2.0

- 独立评估威胁级别
- 对一般危险区域进行推断，并且
- 前 5-10 分钟前分别预测冰雹和雷电
不单独显示指定的冰雹和雷电区
发生
域
- 在全天候雷达模式下显示危险图标

Lightning predicted
on developing CBs

Developing CBs with

green/yellow One CB active
reflectivity only other CB is
dissipating

Mature CBs
with red core

Note: Images for illustration purposes only.

虽然红色区域一般是最容易出现闪电和冰雹的地方，但并不总是这样。绿色和黄色区域也有可能！！！
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
LIGHTNING CAPABILITY – IN SERVICE EXAMPLE

Predictive Indications on ND

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
WEATHER AHEAD ALERTING
EGPWS TCAS WXR

“Caution Terrain” “Traffic, Traffic” “Weather Ahead”

• Aural alerting has played a significant role in reducing in-flight collision threats from Terrain and
Traffic
• IntuVue now provides alerting of significant on-path weather threats

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
 WEATHER AHEAD ALERTING

警告区域：
• The detection area depends on the type of
lateral guidance, NAV mode or HDG/TRACK
mode.
• 3 minutes of flight time
• 4 NM (2 NM on each side)
• +/-4000 ft along aircraft path
© 2015 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

即使HZD不被选中，也会工作
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 75
 WEATHER AHEAD ALERTING
Warns of fast growing threats in flight path that might be unnoticed by crew – not select WX display
at that time
Provides protection against WXR controls being left in Manual or Uncalibrated condition and actual
threat is not visible

ABOVE 1500 FT
All of the following occur:
‐ The ND displays the WEATHER AHEAD message
‐ If WX is off, on both EFIS CP, the weather ahead function triggers the
“WEATHER AHEAD” audio indicator.
BELOW 1500 FT
The WEATHER AHEAD message and the audio indicator are inhibited.

© 2015 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

Avoids Unexpected Turbulence Encounters

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 76
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

The flight crew can select the

ground mapping function via
the MODE button on the
SURV / CONTROLS page of
the MFD

WXR normal

WXR failed

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
77
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

WXR Button

• The WXR automatic mode is active (default position)

• On ground, associated with the WXR/PWS ON memo.
• When clicked, a confirmation is required before
turning off the radar
• When the WXR button is in AUTO the following
also default to AUTO
• Predictive Windshear
• TURB button
• ELEVN/TILT button
• *HZD button
• GAIN button
• MODE button on WX

78
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WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND
INDICATORS
WXR Button

• The WXR is off

• When clicked, a confirmation is required before activating
the WXR
• The WXR/PWS OFF memo, if the aircraft is in flight
phases 2 to 11
• The WXR/PWS OFF message on the ND
• When the WXR button is set to OFF:
• PRED W/S is set to OFF and the function
inhibited
• TURB button is set to OFF and the function
inhibited
• Selected option on the ELEVN/TILT option
list is deselected and the option list is inhibited
• GAIN button no longer appears
• MODE button no longer appears

79
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

WXR Button

The WXR has failed

Honeywell Proprietary 80of Honeywell

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
GAIN Button

• The GAIN is automatic

This is the default position

• The flight crew selects the manual GAIN mode

• An entry field appears below the button where the
crew enters the appropriate GAIN value in percents

• The WXR is set to OFF.

• The WXR has failed, or the WX display function

has failed

81
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Default Settings Button

• When clicked, automatically sets all the WXR

settings to their default position
• A confirmation is required before setting the
default positions

• Default settings:
• WXR/PWS Button – AUTO
• TURB Button – AUTO
• The TURB tick box is ticked*
• The HZD tick box is ticked*
• GAIN Button – AUTO
• MODE Button – WX
• ELEVN / TILT options list – AUTO

82
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WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Status and Switching page

• GREEN indicates the
function operates
normally
• WHITE indicates the
function is in
standby/OFF
• AMBER indicates the
function has failed.

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
83
WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

ND SETTING MESSAGES:
WXR GND CLUT:
The WXR does not remove the ground returns from the
weather display because:
‐ The internal radar topography database is not available, or
‐ There is an aircraft position uncertainty of more than 2.5 NM.
W/S: INCREASE RANGE:
Appears in ROSE mode, when:
‐ The range selector of the ND is set to ZOOM
‐ The PWS triggers a warning/caution

WXR Messages:
WXR DEGRADD:
WXR AND RANGE/MODE MESSAGES: The WXR is in a degraded mode, if the position of the aircraft is
AUTO RANGE/MODE not sufficiently precise.
Appears in the case of W/S AHEAD, and the ND Ground returns may appear in the weather display.
automatically changes range to 10 NM and mode to WXR RNG:
ARC. There is a difference in range between the SURV and the ND.
WX: The ELEVN/TILT option list to AUTO
WX：The ELEVN/TILT option list to ELEVN or TILT

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
 WEATHER RADAR – CONTROLS AND INDICATORS（VD）

ELEVN AND TILT INDICATIONS

Indicates the selected altitude, in manual elevation
mode.
Indicates the selected tilt angle, in manual tilt
mode.

WXR MESSAGES
WXR INOP: when the flight crew presses the WX pb on the EFIS CP, and the WXR
is failed.
NO TERR & WX DATA AVAIL
- The flight crew selects the PLAN mode on the EFIS CP, or
AIRCRAFT/EYE SYMBOL ‐ The flight crew sets the TERR SYS button to OFF on the CONTROLS page of the
The WXR is in AUTO mode. MFD, or
The flight crew selects the manual AZIM mode. The VD does not display the weather when the TERR function is not available,
because it cannot locate the weather vertically (i.e. with respect to the terrain).
‐ The aircraft latitude is above 80 ° (North or South).
VIEW ALONG AZIM XXX°: The message is associated with the azimuth value,
when the flight crew selects the manual AZIM mode.
VIEW ALONG ACFT TRK: Appears when the VD displays the weather along the
aircraft track

© 2015 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

VD range is always limited to 160 NM

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水上天气错误分类

WX AUTO模式下， 切换到地面地图模式下， 在75海里内，增加了具

160海里处的小的 预期的天气出现了 体信息的严重性信息显
天气单元 示。

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 86
水上天气错误分类

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 87
雷达不显示的东西

飞行员有时会看到云团，但雷达屏幕上却没有显示。
大型白色松软的云团可能是正在生成的雷暴天气，
但是有可能在雷达上不显示直到它发展成足够的尺
寸以及水滴尺寸足够大，数量充分。
强对流天气通常有比较高的，指节状凸起的顶部 –
如图。
结冰，纤细的云顶，没有尖锐边缘的云团通常意味
着很弱的对流活动，或者是正在消亡

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 88
对流天气判别(CWD)

本图在雷暴消散后不久，雷暴也没有造成多少降水，但因为风的缘故，有一个乌云块仍然存在没有破裂。机组可以通过增加
增益来确认反射率是否刚刚在绿色以下还没有足够的反射率。
本页提供了一个帮助评估云团的案例。注意飞机前方左侧10海里的天气，雷达有显示是红色的次级天气。显示器上指示
“VAR”（波音飞机）-意味增益没有在校准位。通过增大增益，随着距离接近，在航路上依然没有绿色或以上的天气显示。这
说明，这个天气上部的反射率很低。
© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 89
对流天气判别(CWD)（续）

在这张图里，增益放在校准位，天气底部的次级天气
为太低了无法目视看到，但雷达显示为黄色的次级天
气。目视看到的是一个小型的对流云团，具有结冰的，
纤细的顶部，没有尖锐的边缘（强烈的对流发展）。
所以这是一个很弱的对流云团，航路天气没有足够的
反射率。

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 90
对流天气判别(CWD)

在这个例子里，窗外目视看到积云云团，没有强烈
的垂直发展。雷达图像显示非常低的反射率-绝大
多数是次级天气 –40海里内 –即使增加了增益。

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 91
对流天气判别(CWD) – 接上

随着距离接近，天气仍然显示位次级天气。这种
持续显示表明天气只是在低空有反射。在40海里
到100海里之间，雷达对于将低空天气和地形分
辨开来比较困难如果天气过于接近地面。
在这个例子里，雷达还是将低空天气与地面分辨
开来了，并显示了一些黄色的反射率。

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 92
EFFECTS OF INTERFERING RF SOURCES

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
EFFECTS OF INTERFERING RF SOURCES

An interfering radio frequency (RF) source operating at a frequency close to the radar’s operating
frequency can create unusual returns on the display. The interference may appear as occasional
isolated dots, or as radial spikes of any color (including magenta) on the display.
Algorithms in the software suppress most of these returns, but they cannot always be completely
suppressed. Once the source of interference is no longer active, the spots will typically be
removed after the antenna re-scans the area and updates the memory (approximately thirty
seconds).
Adjusting the manual gain may help alleviate the effect of the interfering source but the effect will
not completely disappear until the interfering source is no longer in the radar’s field of view and
that area of the memory has been refreshed.

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
EFFECTS OF INTERFERING RF SOURCES

In the above picture, there are at least three sources of interference, at different frequencies.

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
EFFECTS OF INTERFERING RF SOURCES

In this figure, the interference is a bit more subtle, as it is mixed in with real weather.
However, a close look reveals several radial spokes. The two most obvious ones
have been circled.

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
外部雷达干扰
图中两条红色箭头线之间的区域是雷达探测到的
干扰区。如果飞机的航向略有改变，注意观察雷
达的回波信息的相对飞机的角度是否也跟随改变，
如果是的话，这些干扰大概率是外部干扰源产生
的。

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EFFECTS OF INTERFERING RF SOURCES

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
案例分析 99

机组反映在飞行高度附近看
到大量天气，但气象雷达显
示天气基本在航路外

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
案例分析

根据地面气象图，飞机在航路点APUKO点附近，在飞机的前方和右侧有天气。ND显示飞机前方
和右侧有天气分布，强度为绿色或黄色，天气位于航路外（斜线天气）

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 100
案例分析
此时飞机高度为9800米（30000英尺）。
在雷达使用注意事项中提到对于如果在
25000英尺以上探测到天气，即使是绿色
天气，也应进行绕飞。原因是雷达工作在
X波段，对于液态水探测能力最强。对于
冰冻层以上，水以固态的冰晶形式存在，
雷达探测能力非常弱。如果在冰冻层以上
探测到液态水分布（绿色，黄色天气），
说明该区域存在着强烈的对流天气，将液
态水快速输送到高高度。在本次飞行中，
降水集中在低高度，在高高度上（25000
英尺以上）天气以冰晶形式存在，所以气
象雷达在航路内（25000英尺以上）没有
天气显示 – 如果降水存在在航路内
（25000英尺以上），本次飞行会遭遇强
机组反映在飞行高度附近看到大量天气， 烈的颠簸。
但气象雷达显示天气基本在航路外

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell 101
SAFETY INFORMATION

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
 RDR-4000 WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM 103

RADIATION LEVELS/HAZARDS

Radiation hazards may be classified as either ionizing or nonionizing types.

Microwaves fall into the latter group while X-rays and gamma rays are of the former
category. The U.S. Government has established a microwave radiation protection guide
of 10 mW/cm2. This level is based on thermal effects on human tissue and is therefore
related to the average power output of the microwave system. The RF output of the
RDR-4000 Weather Radar System is less than 10 mW/cm2. However, FAA AC No. 20-
68B defines the near field, far field intersections as the minimum safe distance for low
power radars. Based on these calculations, the minimum safe distance for the RDR-
4000 Weather Radar System with FP30-1 30-inch Antenna Assembly is 14 feet (4.3
meters). The safety precautions outlined in AC No. 20-68B should be observed within
these limits. Honeywell radar components do not operate at sufficiently high voltage
levels to generate detectable X-rays (i.e., 15kV). Therefore, they can be regarded as
safe, either in or out of their protection cases.

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
 SAFETY

© 2024 Honeywell International Inc. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be reproduced, used, distributed or disclosed to others without the written consent of Honeywell
THANK
YOU