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    Macro Economics Assignment

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    kssk

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    Macro Economics Assignment

    Uploaded by

    kssk
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    1 views2 pages

    Macro Economics Assignment

    Uploaded by

    kssk

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Section – A

    a) Economic and Social Issues (ESI)


    I. Growth and Development
    1. Measurement of Growth:
     How is national income measured in India, and what are its
    limitations?

    - National income is predominantly measured by Gross Domestic


    Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product
    (NNP), NDP (Net Domestic Product), NDP (Net Domestic Product)
    - Limitations in these measures include: inefficiency to capture
    incomes in un-organized sectors, they do not account for depletion
    of natural resources, challenges in collection of data across the
    nation
     Analyze the trends in India's per capita income over the last
    decade.

    - India’s per capita Net National Income (NNI) at constant (2011-12)


    prices is Rs 72,805 in 2014-15. The same in 2022-23 is Rs. 98,374
    - Till 2020-21, the per capita income has been increasing steadily.
    But due to the COVID-19 Pandemic effect there is a severe drop in
    the per capita income. This is due to the lockdown, disruption of
    supply chains, reduced demand etc.
    - Post the pandemic, during 2021-22 & 2022-23, the per capita
    income started to recover gradually. Economic reforms, vaccine
    drives, boast from the government & stable government are some
    reasons for the improvement.
    - Ref: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1945144

    2. Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation:


     Evaluate the effectiveness of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
    Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in alleviating rural
    poverty.

    - MGNREGA is enacted in order to provide at least 100 days of waged


    employment to labors in the rural India.
    - The act is very effective in providing employment & minimum
    wages to the rural labors who constitute the majority of rural poor.
    - Through this scheme, the rural poor with no skills can learn the
    work & try to earn their livelihood at their villages. This indirectly
    reduces the pressure of migration to cities.
    - Thus the act provides income security to the rural poor & thus very
    effective in alleviating the rural poverty.
     Discuss the impact of Skill India and other employment
    generation programs on India's unemployment rates.
    - The unemployment rates in India are caused due to severe
    competitions in job market, skill gap, lack of adequate job
    opportunities, jobs lost due to automation etc.
    - Govt. came forward with some initiatives to tackle each of these
    problems to reduce the un-employment rate in India
    - The Skill India initiative is focused to fill the gaps between the skills
    of youth of India & the expectations of industry. Here, govt.
    provides certification courses & training to the youth under Pradhan
    Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). To increase the exposure of
    industrial practices, apprenticeship programmes are created for the
    college pass-outs.
    - These kind of initiatives shall increase the employability of the
    youth & decreases the un-employment rates.

    3. Sustainable Development and Environmental Issues:


     What are the main environmental challenges faced by India in
    achieving sustainable development?

    - Air pollution, water pollution, water scarcity, soil pollution,


    deforestation, dependency on non-renewable energy, waste
    management, climate change are some of the challenges faced by
    India in achieving sustainable development
     Critically analyze India’s policy measures for combating climate
    change.

    - India came up with National Action Plan on Climate Change


    (NAPCC) to combat the climate changes. India is also committed to
    the international climate agreements like Paris agreement.
    - India also came up with plenty of policies encouraging its people to
    use renewable power sources
    - However, cooperation from public & enterprises is much required to
    achieve its climate goals & ensure sustainable development.

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