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    Class 12 Computer Science Project Python

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    Class 12 Computer Science Project Python

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    9 views32 pages

    Class 12 Computer Science Project Python

    Uploaded by

    chessaadil

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    KHAIR PUBLIC SCHOOL

    ANOOP NAGAR NAUGARH SIDDHARTH NAGAR


    - 272207 (U.P)
    PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

    TOPIC:
    TO STUDY THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD USING A

    TANGENT GALVANOMETER

    Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

    SESSION 2024-25

    SUBMITTED BY: AADIL IRSHAD


    CLASS: XII
    ROLL NO:
    INDEX
    1. Certificate

    2. Acknowledgements

    3. Declaration

    4. Aim

    5. Coding with Screenshots

    7. Requirements

    8. Bibliography
    CERTIFICATE
    This is to certify that
    Ahnan Khan
    have successfully completed
    this project report entitled
    “FOOD PORTAL”

    During the academic year 2024-2025


    towards partial fulfilment of
    C.S. Practical Examination
    conducted by CBSE.

    Teacher’s Signature Principal’s Signature

    External Invigilator’s Signature


    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    I take this opportunity to express our
    profound gratitude and deep regards to
    our subject teacher for his exemplary
    guidance, monitoring and constant
    encouragement throughout the course
    of this project.

    The blessing, help and guidance given


    by him time to shall carry us a long way
    in the journey of life
    on which we are about to embark.

    - Ahnan Khan
    DECLARATION
    I hereby declare that the project work
    entitled:

    “FOOD PORTAL”
    is prepared by me, AHNAN KHAN,
    under the supervision of my subject
    teacher for the partial fulfillment of
    the

    Central Board of Secondary Education


    (CBSE).
    AIM

    Write a program using Python and MY-SQL


    connectivity for Railway Reservation
    INTRODUCTION

    This project introduces railway reservation


    system. It explains how reservation is
    being done in Indian Railways. The step by
    step procedure is explained.
    Proper comments have been given at
    desired location to make the project user
    friendly. Various functions and structures
    are used to make a complete use of this
    language, this project is well versed with
    the programming. Railway reservation can
    easily accompany with the help of this.
    ABOUT PYTHON

    Python is a high level, object-oriented programming language. It


    was developed in 1991 by Guido Van Rossum. Its syntax is
    similar to the English Language and that is why it enhances code
    readability. It uses indentation for defining scopes of loops if-else
    construct, class, etc.

    Python Logo -File Handling in Python

    Python can be used to create server-side applications.

    Python can help to do task automation using scripting.

    Python is used to create stand-alone applications.

    Python is used in Big Data, data science, Machine Learning……….

    Actually, the list can go on and on. This defines the power of
    Python as a programming language. Hence it becomes very
    important to learn how to write to a file using python and then
    read from the same file.
    Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming
    language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data
    structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding,
    make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as
    well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
    components together.

    Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and


    therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python
    supports modules and packages, which encourages program
    modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the
    extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
    without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely
    distributed.

    Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the


    increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation
    step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging
    Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a
    segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an
    error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the
    exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level
    debugger allows inspection of local and global variables,
    evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping
    through the code a line at a time, and so on.
    The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's
    introspective power.
    On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is
    to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-
    debug cycle makes this simple approach very effective.

    A recent survey established the Python language to be the fifth


    most popular, behind JavaScript, SQL, Java, and C#. According
    to the 2017 Stack Overflow survey, nearly 32% of developers
    use it, and a further 20% want to do so. The usage is up from
    22% reported in the first Stack Overflow survey, which ran in
    2013.

    The survey also reports Python to be the sixth most loved


    language (behind Rust, Smalltalk, TypeScript, Swift, and Go),
    and I think it’s interesting to note that Python is the top
    language that is both used and loved.
    (the other languages that are loved are mostly aspirational, for
    example, TypeScript is used by just 9.5% of people, while Rust
    and Smalltalk aren’t even on the scale).

    There are more than 147,000 packages in the package repository


    (colloquially known as the Cheese Shop), which are what make it
    so versatile, and so popular. You can use Python for everything
    from web development, to data science and data visualisation, to
    games development, and DevOps, without having to start at
    ground zero and implement your own code for everything.

    With so many packages available, we are seeing, in particular, a


    huge uptake in those used for AI and data science projects.

    Python is a super fun language which can brings a level of


    excitement and ease to programming like no other language can.
    FILE HANDLING IN PYTHON

    If you are working in a large software application where they


    process a large number of data, then we cannot expect those data
    to be stored in a variable as the variables are volatile in nature.

    Hence when are you about to handle such situations, the role of
    files will come into the picture.

    As files are non-volatile in nature, the data will be stored


    permanently in a secondary device like Hard Disk and using
    python we will handle these files in our applications.

    Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files
    i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file handling
    options, to operate on files. The concept of file handling has
    stretched over various other languages, but the implementation is
    either complicated or lengthy, but alike other concepts of Python,
    this concept here is also easy and short. Python treats file
    differently as text or binary and this is important. Each line of
    code includes a sequence of characters and they form text file.
    Each line of a file is terminated with a special character, called
    the EOL or End of Line characters like comma {,} or newline
    character. It ends the current line and tells the interpreter a new
    one has begun. Let’s start with Reading and Writing files.

    Working of open() function:


    We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write
    mode. As explained above, open ( ) will return a file object. To
    return a file object we use open() function along with two
    arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to read
    or write. So, the syntax being: open(filename, mode). There are
    three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how files can be
    opened:

    “ r “, for reading.
    “ w “, for writing.
    “ a “, for appending.
    “ r+ “, for both reading and writing

    One must keep in mind that the mode argument is not mandatory.
    If not passed, then Python will assume it to be “ r ” by default.

    There are also various other functions that help to manipulate


    the files and its contents. One can explore various other
    functions in Python Docs.
    ABOUT MODULES

    Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and


    definitions. A file containing Python code, for e.g.: example.py, is
    called a module and its module name would be example.

    We use modules to break down large programs into small


    manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules provide
    reusability of code.

    We can define our most used functions in a module and import it,
    instead of copying their definitions into different programs.
    We can import the definitions inside a module to another module
    or the interactive interpreter in Python.
    We use the import keyword to do this.

    Python has a ton of standard modules available. Standard


    modules can be imported the same way as we import our user-
    defined modules.

    Some advantages of modules are:

    1. Division of development
    2. Increases readability of program
    3. Programming errors can easily be detected
    4. Allows reuse of code
    5. Improves manageability
    6. Collaboration in projects made efficient and easy.
    ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAY

    Indian Railways is the state-owned railway company of India; it


    has a complete monopoly over the country's rail transport. Indian
    Railways (IR) has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in
    the world, transporting over 5 billion passengers and over 350
    million tonnes of freight annually. IR is also the world's largest
    commercial or utility employer, having more than 1.6 million
    regular employees on its payroll.

    Railways were first introduced to India in 1853, and by 1947, the


    year of India's independence, it had grown to forty-two rail
    systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, to
    become one of the largest networks in the world.
    Indian Railways operates both long distances, as well as suburban
    rail systems. It operates 8,702 passenger trains and transports
    around five billion annually across twenty-seven states and three
    union territories (Delhi, Puducherry and Chandigarh). Sikkim is
    the only state not connected. The Railway Budget deals with the
    induction and improvement of existing trains and routes, the
    modernisation and most importantly the tariff for freight and
    passenger travel.

    Due to the huge magnitude of the spread of IR, the system cannot
    sustain without computers, which have programs built for its
    smooth functioning. This project deals with the Indian Railways
    and presents a system to digitize the system.
    CODING
    MODULES USED
    MAIN CODE USED
    REQUIREMENTS

    BIBILIOGRAPHY

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