Vocabulary

Inadvertently: without intention/accidently

Rightness: justified/ acceptable/ truth
Artistic: creative/original
Approbation: approval/praise
Acoustic: relating to the sound/ sense of hearing
Colonizer: a country that sends settlers to a place and establishes
political control over it
Artefact/Artifacts: an object made by a human being, typically one of
cultural or historical interest.
Analogy: a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the
purpose of explanation or clarification
Skepticism: doubtfulness
Pioneer: developer/explorer/introduce/start/begin/launch
Corroborate: confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or
finding).
Confounded: used for emphasis, especially to express anger
or annoyance/ findings have become widely accepted after initially
being doubted
Disseminate: spread/circulate (something, especially information)
widely.
Ameliorate: make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
Consensus: a general agreement
Vengeance: the act of taking revenge
Inception: establishment/foundation/formation of institution/activity
Germination: is the process by which a plant grows from a seed into a
seedling
Insignia: batch/symbol/rank/mark/seal
Swagger: walk or behave arrogantly/confidently
Unearthed: find (something) in the ground by digging.
Confront: defy/resist/oppose
Oddity: a strange or peculiar person or thing.
Assortments: a miscellaneous collection of things or people
(mixture/variety)
Alarmed: frightened or concerned that one may be in danger or that
something undesirable will happen
Speculate: form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm
evidence (hypothesize)
Prompt: cause/result in/lead to
Sophisticated: experienced/advanced/highly developed
Inevitable: unavoidable/bound to happen
Beckon: invite/attract make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to
encourage or instruct someone to approach or follow
Indigenous: originating or occurring naturally in a particular place;
native.
Validate: check or prove the validity/accuracy of
Circumvents: find a way around (an obstacle)
Replenish: fill (something) up again (recharge/refill/renew)
Repopulate: populate or fill again
Impartial: nondiscriminatory/unbiased/neutral
Hoard: accumulate/hide/store money or valued objects, typically one
that is secret or carefully guarded.
Sturdily: physically strong/thick unlikely to break
Opaque: not transparent/blurred
Renounce: reject/refuse to recognize
Simulate: replicate/duplicate/pretend/produce computer model of
Stimulate: motivate/encourage/trigger
Imperceptible: unnoticeable/unapparent/undetectable
Disconcerting: unsettling/disturbing/troubling
Improvise: produce or make (something) from whatever is available/
create and perform (music, drama, or verse) spontaneously or without
preparation.
Skepticism: doubt/lack of conviction
Aggravate: make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious.
Imitation: the action of using someone or something as a model
(copy/replica/simulation)
Wearying: causing tiredness/tiring
Rousing: exciting/stimulating/energizing
Subtle: (especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to
be difficult to analyze or describe (fine-drawn, ultra-fine, precise)
/making use of clever and indirect methods to achieve something.

Multifaceted: having many sides/aspects

Arbitrary: Unpredictable/based on random choice or personal whim,

rather than any reason or system.

Synchronize: Cause/occur/operate at the same time or rate

Clinging: too dependent on someone emotionally/

(Of a garment) fitting closely to the body and showing its shape.

Anticipate: predict/forecast/foresee
Unrestrained: not restrained or restricted/uncontrolled/unchecked

Blemish: small flaw/defect

Abrupt: sudden/unexpected

Elusive: difficult to find/catch

Imminent: about to happen/approaching

Catastrophic: causing sudden damage/suffering, extremely
unfortunate/unsuccessful

Rudimentary: very basic/initial

Invasive: tending to spread very quickly and undesirably or

harmfully/tending to intrude on a person's thoughts or privacy.

Conductive: helpful/favorable/beneficial

Impede: hinder/hamper/hold back

Conferred: grant a (title/degree/benefit/right) to

Dilemma: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between

two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable.

Excavation: unearthing/diffing up/hole or pit

Inconclusive/indecisive: not leading to a firm conclusion or result; not

ending doubt or dispute.
Amateur: nonprofessional/non-specialist

Endearing: affectionate/inspiring/adorable

Confiscating: impound/seize

Harrowing: distress/trouble/torture

Fastening: lock/secure/attach

Array: range or type of thing

Ubiquitous: present everywhere/ all over

Decoupled: separate, disengage, or dissociate (something) from

something else

Disseminate: spread widely/disperse/diffuse

Influx: rush/flow (entry/arrival of people or things in large numbers

Spatially: in a way that relates to space and the position, area, and size
of things within it.

Idiosyncratic: distinctive/individual/distinguishing

Apt: appropriate/suitable/relevant
Artifact: an object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or
historical interest.

Invigorating: making one feel strong, healthy, and full of energy.

Merrily: in a cheerful/carefree way

without consideration for the consequences.

Monotony: boredom/lack of variety or interest/tedious repetition or

routine

Recline: lean back/rest/lie down

Imploring: making a desperate appeal

Virtue: goodness/righteousness/morality

Obscure: unclear/uncertain/doubtful/conceal/hide
Obscurity: unknown/unimportant/insignificant;
incomprehensible (difficult to understand)

Acoustic: hearing/sound/music

Legion: numerous/countless
Drear: cold/dark/comfortless
Rebuke: express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of
their behavior or actions (scold)

Fossil: the remains or impression of a plant or animal embedded in rock

and preserved in petrified form.

Specimen: an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. used as

an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.

Scrupulously: careful/through/with great effort to avoid doing wrong

A triumphal arch is a monumental structure that is built to

commemorate a significant event or person, or to honor a notable
victory

Acquisition: buy/purchase/acquire/obtain/gain

Discourse: type of communication using spoken or written language

Approbation: approval/praise/acceptance/encouragement
Peculiar: unusual/strange/unexpected/odd/distinctive/different
Anomalously: in a way that is different from what is normal or
expected. Anomaly: peculiar
Discerning: able to make fine distinctions/having good
judgment/subtle/selective/discriminating/To recognize or distinguish

Thwart: oppose/stand in the way/prevent someone from accomplishing

something. Thwarted: prevented

Precocious: advance/mature/old beyond one’s years/ahead of one's

peers (acquires or demonstrates an ability earlier than usual)

Docile: obedient/submissive/dutiful

Jubilation: triumph/great happiness/joy/rejoicing

Scorn: contempt/disdain/dislike/worthless

Proponent: advocate/supporter/promoter

Pragmatist: a person who solves problems or deals with situations using

practical approaches instead of a theoretical one

Polemicist: a person who engages in controversial argument or debate

Salvage: to rescue or save especially from wreckage/ruin/fire

Supplant: supersede/replace/take the place of/undermine/override

Unanimous: agreement/united/uniform

Frivolous: light-hearted/silly/carefree (not having any serious purpose

or value).

Dazzling: remarkable/outstanding/impressive/extremely bright/shining

Demarcate: set boundaries or limits/distinguish

Imitate: copy/simulate/take or follow as a model

Epitomize: perfect example of/abstract/summary

Extrapolate: assuming that existing trends will continue or similar

methods will be applicable (Answer C is always right)

Meticulously: in a way that shows great attention to detail; very

thoroughly
Inscribing: engraving

Theorizing: predicted
Flourish: thrive/prosper/grow well

Adept: highly skilled

Partisan: a strong supporter/follower/devotee of a party, cause, or

person.

Confound: amaze/surprise/astonish;
prove (a theory or expectation) wrong;
defeat a plan/aim
overthrown an enemy

Contingency: a future event or circumstance which is possible but

cannot be predicted with certainty.

Precision: exactness/accuracy/carefulness

Spectator: person who watches an activity or event, usually without

participating.

Transformed: alter/convert/modify/change
Intractable: immovable/stubborn/inflexible;
Out of control/ unmanageable

Amiable: friendly/cordial/warm-hearted

Obliquity: deviation from sound thinking/moral conduct;

Intentionally vague or indirect

Veracious: true/accurate/errorless

Sentimental: tender-hearted/affectionate/soft-hearted/emotional

Romantic: lovey-dovey/ sentimentalist/dreamer/ idealist (non-

practical)

Hitherto: up until now/ to date/ so far (abhi tak)

Insidious: dangerous in a sneaky way

Gain a currency: become more widely accepted

Popularity: acceptance/popularity/prevalent
Conjecture: speculation/notion/belief/guess

Egalitarian: believing in or based on the principle that all people are

equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Enigma: mystery/puzzle/paradox/problem

Aloof: distant/detached/unresponsive/unapproachable

Antipathy: hostility/animosity
Antagonism: opposition/antipathy/hostility

Sheer: utter/absolute/complete

Deleterious: detrimental/harmful/damaging

Seminal: influential/pioneering/groundbreaking/creative/original

Seemed: appear/give the impression of being

Colossal: huge/enormous/massive/very large

Propitious: giving or indicating a good chance of success;
favorable/advantageous/promising
Mystifying: confuse/bewilder/ make obscure or mysterious

Inexplicable: incomprehensible/unaccountable/unexplainable
Explicate: explain in great detain

Concede: admit/acknowledge/accept after first denying or resisting it

Refute: deny/reject/ disprove (prove something to be wrong)/rebut

Evade: escape/avoid/dodge/elude

Discredit: dishonor/disgrace (extreme)

Undermine: threaten/erode/weaken/sabotage/
lessen power/effectiveness or ability of something

lament: complain/moan/wail/express grief sorrow about something

virtual: nearly/almost
theorize: present an argument/speculate

Objectivity is a viewpoint that is based on facts and evidence, while

Subjectivity is a viewpoint that is based on personal feelings and
opinions

Tranquil: peaceful/calm/quiet/serene

Stirring: exciting/thrilling/action-packed/dramatic
E.g.: The movie’s ending was emotional and stirring.

Intrepid: unafraid/fearless/adventurous

Receptive: open-minded/responsive/open to new ideas

Protagonist: leading character

Antagonist: rival/opponent/enemy

Spontaneous: performed or occurring as a result of a sudden impulse

or inclination.
E.g. do something without thinking about it much

Momentous: significant/important/historic
Impelled/ compelled: drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something
Propelled: drive or push something forwards.