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    of 3

    CEDRIC REY IGNACIO BSIT 3-A

    Lesson 5: Modern Symmetric Key Encryption

    Assessment

    1.)Differentiate block ciphers with stream ciphers. (30 points)

    Answer:

    The main difference between a Block cipher and a Stream cipher is that a
    block

    cipher converts the plain text into cipher text by taking plain text’s block at a
    time. While

    stream cipher converts the plain text into cipher text by taking 1 byte of
    plain text at a

    time.

    2. Among the block cipher schemes mentioned in this lesson (refer to the list

    below), select the most secured cipher and the fastest cipher to implement.

    Explain why you chose the cipher. (40 points)

     Digital Encryption Standard (DES)

     Triple DES

     Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

     IDEA

     Twofish

     Serpent

    Answer:

    Among the block cipher schemes mentioned, the most secure cipher is the
    Advanced

    Encryption Standard (AES), while the fastest cipher to implement is the


    International

    Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA).

    Advanced Encryption Standard (AES):


    AES is widely considered the most secure block cipher available today. It is a
    symmetric

    encryption algorithm that uses a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128,
    192, or 256

    bits. AES has been extensively analyzed and tested, and it is resistant to
    various types of attacks. Its security and efficiency make it the preferred
    choice for secure data

    encryption in various applications, including government and military use.

    International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA):

    IDEA is known for its simplicity and speed in implementation. It is a


    symmetric key block

    cipher with a block size of 64 bits and a key size of 128 bits. IDEA is efficient
    in terms of

    both encryption and decryption processes, making it a fast cipher to


    implement. While

    IDEA may not be as widely used as AES, its speed and simplicity make it a
    suitable

    choice for applications where fast encryption and decryption are essential.

    3. In Feistel Block Cipher, how does the number of rounds affect:

    a. the security of the cipher? (15 points)

    Answer:

    It Increasing the number of rounds in a Feistel block cipher enhances the


    security of the

    cipher. This is because each round introduces additional confusion and


    diffusion layers,

    making it more difficult for an attacker to reverse-engineer the encryption


    process. With

    more rounds, the cipher becomes more resistant to various cryptographic


    attacks, such

    as differential and linear cryptanalysis. Conversely, reducing the number of


    rounds can
    weaken the security of the cipher. Fewer rounds may lead to a simpler
    encryption

    process that could be vulnerable to attacks, as there are fewer iterations of


    the

    encryption algorithm to obscure the relationship between the plaintext and


    ciphertext.

    b. the efficiency of the cipher? (15 points)

    While increasing the number of rounds enhances security, it also comes at


    the cost of

    reduced efficiency. More rounds mean more computational overhead, as


    each round

    requires additional processing time and resources. This can slow down the
    encryption

    and decryption processes, impacting the overall efficiency of the cipher. On


    the other

    hand, reducing the number of rounds can improve the efficiency of the
    cipher. Fewer

    rounds mean less computational complexity and faster encryption and


    decryption

    speeds. However, this efficiency gain comes at the expense of potentially


    compromising

    the security of the cipher.

    In summary, the number of rounds in a Feistel block cipher plays a crucial


    role in both

    the security and efficiency of the encryption scheme. Increasing the number
    of rounds

    enhances security but reduces efficiency, while decreasing the number of


    rounds can

    improve efficiency but may compromise security. Balancing security and


    efficiency is essential when determining the optimal number of rounds for a
    Feistel block cipher

    implementation.

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