2251_s19_qp_22

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge Ordinary Level
SOCIOLOGY 2251/22
Paper 2 May/June 2019
1 hour 45 minutes (including 15 minutes’ reading time)
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

*7021509701*
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
An answer booklet is provided inside the question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover
of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
Answer two questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.
06_2251_22_2019_1.1
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2
Answer two questions
Section A: Family
1 Family life is not always a positive experience for individuals. The dark side of family life and
empty-shell marriages are two good examples of this. Family life can be made more positive by
changes to maternal and paternal roles as well as to family structures.
(a) What is meant by the term 'empty-shell marriage'? [2]
(b) Describe two paternal roles in the family. [4]
(c) Explain how the extended family exists in different forms today. [6]
(d) Explain why living alone has become more common for individuals in modern industrial societies.
[8]
(e) To what extent are families functional for individuals and society? [15]
Section B: Education
2 Sociologists debate the reasons why some individuals do better in education than others. Anti-school
sub-cultures and family background are two explanations that are often considered. Schools have
introduced programmes such as positive discrimination to try and make school a better experience
for all.
(a) What is meant by the term 'positive discrimination'? [2]
(b) Describe two sociological reasons why children go to school. [4]
(c) Explain how anti-school sub-cultures can affect educational achievement. [6]
(d) Explain why schools are not functional for all students. [8]
(e) To what extent does family background influence educational achievement? [15]
© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

3
Section C: Crime, deviance and social control
3 Crime remains a big problem in society with many people believing that crime rates are rising.
Formal and informal agencies of social control are used to try and stop deviant behaviour and make
individuals conform. Prisons, fines and community sentencing are all used to try and solve the
crime problem. This is not always successful and for some individuals the label ‘criminal’ affects
their master status.
(a) What is meant by the term 'community sentencing'? [2]
(b) Describe two crimes related to new technologies. [4]
(c) Explain how crime rates are measured. [6]
(d) Explain why labelling an individual as ‘criminal’ can affect their master status. [8]
(e) To what extent can agencies of social control prevent crime? [15]
Section D: Media
4 Young people are not always presented fairly in the media. Many sociologists believe that they are
represented stereotypically and can sometimes be shown as scapegoats. The audience now have
more power to influence media content and therefore many sociologists believe that representations
of age will start to change.
(a) What is meant by the term 'scapegoats'? [2]
(b) Describe two ways the audience can influence media content. [4]
(c) Explain how the media create folk devils. [6]
(d) Explain why media content needs to be controlled. [8]
(e) To what extent are representations of age in the media stereotypical? [15]
© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

4
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment
International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge Ordinary Level

1 hour 45 minutes (including 15 minutes’ reading time)

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer two questions.

This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Answer two questions

(a) What is meant by the term 'empty-shell marriage'? [2]

(b) Describe two paternal roles in the family. [4]

(a) What is meant by the term 'positive discrimination'? [2]

(b) Describe two sociological reasons why children go to school. [4]

© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

Section C: Crime, deviance and social control

(a) What is meant by the term 'community sentencing'? [2]

(b) Describe two crimes related to new technologies. [4]

(c) Explain how crime rates are measured. [6]

(a) What is meant by the term 'scapegoats'? [2]

(c) Explain how the media create folk devils. [6]

(d) Explain why media content needs to be controlled. [8]

© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

© UCLES 2019 06_2251_22_2019_1.1

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