Unit 2: Personality
Practice Multiple Choice Questions
Directions
. For each of the following, choose the BEST answer. This is a practice test, it gives you a feel for how the questions may look on the unit/AP test.
1. Harvey has devoted his life to the search for physical pleasure and immediate need gratication. Freud would say that Harvey is dominated by:
a.
his ego
b.
his superego
c.
his id
d.
displacement 2. Furious at her boss for what she considers to be unjust criticism, Tyra turns around and takes out her anger on her subordinates. Tyra may be using the defense mechanism of
a.
displacement
b.
reaction formation
c.
replacement
d.
denial 3. Freud believed that most personality disturbances are due to:
a.
failure of parents to reinforce healthy behavior
b.
poor self-concept resulting from excessive parental demands
c.
unconscious and unresolved sexual conicts rooted in childhood experiences
d.
exposure of children to unhealthy role models 4. According to Alfred Adler, the prime force in a person’s life is:
a.
physical gratication
b.
existential anxiety
c.
striving for superiority
d.
instincts
e.
superego 5. Which of the following learning mechanisms does B.F. skinner see as being the major means by which behavior is learned?
a.
classical conditioning
b.
operant conditioning
c.
observational learning
d.
insight
6. Always having been a good student, Irving is condent that he will do well in his psychology course. According to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, Irving would be said to have:
a.
strong feelings of self-eicacy
b.
sense of superiority
c.
strong defense mechanisms
d.
good genetics 7. Which of the following approaches to personality is least deterministic?
a.
humanistic
b.
psychoanalytic
c.
behavioral
d.
Skinner’s approach8. Which of the following did Carl Rogers believe fosters a congruent self-concept?
a.
conditional love
b.
appropriate role models
c.
immediate-need gratication
d.
unconditional love 9. The strongest support for the theory that personality is heavily inuencedby genetics is provided by strong personality similarity between:
a.
identical twins reared together
b.
identical twins reared apart
c.
fraternal twins reared together
d.
non-twins reared together 10. Which of the following is the best way to regard heritability estimates?
a.
as reliable but not necessarily valid estimates
b.
as ballpark estimates of the inuence of genetics
c.
as accurate estimates of the inuence of genetics
d.
as relatively useless estimates of the inuence of genetics 11. In which of the following cultures is an independent view of the self most likely to be the norm?
a.
China
b.
Korea
c.
Japan
d.
United States 12. Which of the following is not a short-coming of the self-report personality inventories?
a.
the accuracy of the results is a function of the honesty of the respondent
b.
Respondents may attempt to answer in a way that makes them look good
c.
They are objective measures that are easy to administer and score
d.
These are all aws/short-comings 13. Biological psychologists would argue that the environment in which we grow up has ________________ eect on our personalities.
a.
a largely positive
b.
a largely negative
c.
surprisingly little
d.
powerful 14. Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for
a.
empathy
b.
love
c.
negativity
d.
evil 15. Collectivist cultures are characterized by members
a.
developing a strong sense of self
b.
giving priority to group goals
c.
forming causal, often temporary relationships
d.
discovering how they are dierent from the group 16. According to Freud, which of the following defense mechanisms buries threatening or upsetting events into our no conscious?
a.
regression
b.
displacement
c.
repression
d.
projection17. What did Maslow call the process of fullling our potential?
a.
love needs
b.
self-esteem
c.
self-actualization
d.
hierarchy of need18. Questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors designed to assess several traits at once are called
a.
factor analysis studies
b.
achievement tests
c.
cognition tests
d.
personality inventories
19. Albert Bandura proposed the social-cognitive perspective, which
a.
explains the nature-nurture debate
b.
predicts human behavior
c.
explains human motivation
d.
emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations 20. Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own prowess, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy oiciating, or the other team’s exceptional performance are exhibiting
a.
low self-esteem
b.
the self-serving bias
c.
pessimism
d.
incompetence