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lista1 (1)

Uploaded by

Awilvhygon Misker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Lista 1 - FIS9007 (Mecânica Clássica)

August 24, 2024

To make sure you have a thorough understanding of the material and to prepare for
the exams, you should solve all the problems in this assignment. However, as part of your
grading you only need to hand in the solution to the problems that have been drawn for you
according to the list below. Please submit your solutions through SIGAA (menu Atividades
>‌> Tarefas) by the deadline of September 7.

Selected problems:
Anderson: problems 2 and 5
Artur: problems 2 and 3
Awilvhygon: problems 1 and 5
Erick: problems 1 and 6
Francisco: problems 7 and 8
Jefferson: problems 6 and 8
Jeremias: problems 3 and 4
João Ítalo: problems 4 and 7
Júlio César: problems 3 and 6
Kalebe: problems 4 and 7
Lucas: problems 5 and 6
Matheus: problems 1 and 4
Moisés: problems 2 and 7
Paulo: problems 3 and 7
Raneilson: problems 1 and 8
Yasir: problems 5 and 8
2

1. A particle moves in the x-y plane under the constraint that its velocity vector is always
directed towards a point on the x axis whose abscissa is some given function of time f (t).
Show that for f (t) differentiable, but otherwise arbitrary, the constraint is nonholonomic.

2. If L is a Lagrangian for a system of n degrees of freedom satisfying Lagrange’s


equations, show by direct substitution that
d
L0 = L + F (q1 , . . . , qn , t)
dt
also satisfies Lagrange’s equations where F is any arbitrary, but differentiable, function of
its arguments.

3. Consider a pendulum moving in a plane where a body of mass m is suspended by


a wire whose length varies with time accordig to the equation l(t) = l0 + b sin(ωt), where
b < l0 . Find the Lagrangian and the equation of motion.

4. Two point particles of mass m are joined by a rigid weightless rod of length l, the
center of which is constrained to move on a circle of radius a.
(a) Set up the Lagrangian in generalized coordinates.
(b) Find the equations of motion.

5. A ring of radius R is set up in a vertical position so that it can rotate around a vertical
axis that passes through its support point and its center. A bead of mass m is placed on
the ring so that it can slide without friction. Suppose the ring rotates with constant angular
velocity Ω.
(a) Write down the constraints and determine the number of degrees of freedom.
(b) Obtain the Lagrangian and the equations of motion in spherical coordinates.
q
(c) Show that if Ω > g/R there are three equilibrium points for the bead. Find these
points and discuss their stability.

6. Consider a double pendulum where the first particle has mass m1 and electric charge
q1 and is suspended by a massless rod of length l1 . The second particle has mass m2 and
electrical charge q2 and is suspended by another massless rod of length l2 attached to the first
particle. In addition to the force of gravity, the system is subjected to a constant electric
field of magnitude E0 in the horizontal direction.
(a) Write down the constraints. How many degrees of freedom does the system have?
(b) Obtain the Lagrangian and the equations of motion.
3

7. A point particle moves in space under the influence of a force derivable from a
generalized potential of the form

U (r, ṙ) = V (r) + σ · L,

where r is the radius vector from a fixed point, L is the angular momentum about that
point, and σ is a fixed vector in space.
(a) Find the components of the force on the particle in both Cartesian and spherical
coordinates using the expression for the generalized force Qj .
(b) Obtain the equations of motion in spherical coordinates.

8. The electromagnetic field is invariant under a gauge transformation of the scalar


∂ψ
and vector potential given by A → A + ∇ψ(r, t), φ → φ − ∂t
, where ψ is arbitrary (but
differentiable). What effect does this gauge transformation have on the Lagrangian of a
particle moving in the electromagnetic field? Is the motion affected?

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