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Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
Name: ____________________ Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Class: __________
Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
Key Points Numerical Estimation Strategies (a) Rounding off e.g. (cor. to the nearest integer) (cor. to 2 d.p.) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) Rounding up and rounding down e.g. (round up to the nearest integer) (round down to the nearest integer) (c) Using a clustered value e.g. (d) Using compatible numbers e.g. (e) Translation strategy e.g.
Errors (a) The absolute error is the difference between the exact value and the approximation. It is always positive. (b) Maximum absolute error scale interval of the measuring tool (c) Lower limit of the actual value = measured value maximum absolute error Upper limit of the actual value = measured value + maximum absolute error (d) Relative error (e) Percentage error = relative error
Revision Exercise Short Questions 1. (a) Round off 44.2589 to 3 significant figures. (b) Round down 44.2589 to 2 decimal places. (c) Round up 44.2589 to the nearest integer.
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
(b) Round up 383.9308 to 2 significant figures.
(c) Round down 383.9308 to 3 decimal places.
3. Helen, Ivan, Jason and Kelly have $12.3, $59.2, $30.9 and $46.1 respectively. (a) By rounding down the amount owned by each of them to the nearest dollar, estimate the total amount they have. (b) If they want to buy a birthday cake of price $145, do they have enough money to buy the cake? Explain your answer.
4. The weights of 5 passengers in a lift are 77.2 kg, 83.6 kg, 71.9 kg, 60.3 kg and 98.6 kg respectively. (a) By rounding up the weight of each passenger to the nearest kg, estimate the total weight of the 5 passengers. (b) It is given that the maximum load of the lift is 400 kg. Does the total weight of these 5 passengers exceed the maximum load of the lift? Explain your answer.
5. Joanna wants to buy the following items in a stationery store:
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
Pen $10.7 4 Ruler $4.9 2 Pencil case $23.2 1 (a) By rounding up the unit price of each item to the nearest dollar, estimate the total amount that Joanna should pay. (b) If Joanna has $80 only, does she have enough money to buy all the items? Explain your answer.
6. Mary has some empty bottles of different capacities as shown below:
Bottle Capacity Quantity
A 227 mL 5 B 341 mL 6 C 455 mL 2 (a) By rounding down the capacity of each bottle to the nearest 10 mL, estimate the total capacity (in L) of the bottles. (b) An oil tank contains 4 L of oil. Can Mary use her bottles to hold all the oil in the oil tank? Explain your answer.
7. The length of a piece of string is measured as 5.3 m, correct to the nearest 0.1 m. (a) Find the upper limit of the length of the piece of string. (b) Is it possible to cut this string into 20 pieces of shorter string, with each length measured
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
as 27 cm, correct to the nearest cm? Explain your answer.
8. A can of coffee is termed normal if its volume is measured as 334 mL, correct to the nearest mL. (a) Find the least possible volume of a normal can of coffee. (b) Is it possible that the total volume of 8 normal cans of coffee is measured as 2.6 L, correct to the nearest 0.1 L? Explain your answer.
9. (a) If the volume of a lead sphere is measured as 9 mm3, correct to the nearest mm3, find the least possible volume of the lead sphere. (b) The volume of another lead sphere is measured as 0.7 cm3, correct to the nearest 0.1 cm3. (i) Is it possible that the actual volume of this lead sphere exceeds 751 mm3? Explain your answer. (ii) Is it possible to use this lead sphere to recast into 90 smaller lead spheres, each of volume measured as 9 mm3, correct to the nearest mm3? Explain your answer.
10. The travelling time for a car from Chai Wan to Kennedy Town is measured as 32 minutes, correct to the nearest minute. (a) Find the maximum absolute error of the measurement. (b) Find the percentage error of the measured time.
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
(c) It is given that the distance between Chai Wan and Kennedy Town is 14.1 km, correct to the nearest 0.1 km. Kenneth claims that the average speed of the car will not exceed 27 km/h. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
11. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where all measurements are correct D
to the nearest cm. A
(a) Write down the maximum absolute error of the measurements. 10 cm 13 cm (b) Find the least possible area of the trapezium. (c) If the actual area of the trapezium is P cm2, find the range of values B 4 cm C of P.
12. The figure shows a polygon ABCDEFGH. All the G 8 cm F
measurements are correct to the nearest cm. 3 cm 3 cm (a) Find the maximum absolute error of the A E D H measurements. 4 cm 4 cm (b) Find the upper limit of the area of the figure. B 15 cm C
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
(c) If the actual area of the figure is x cm2, find the
range of values of x.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A. 0.0235 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) B. 0.023 59 (cor. to 4 d.p.) C. 0.023 587 (cor. to 5 sig. fig.) D. 0.023 587 5 (cor. to 6 d.p.)
2. A. 250 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) B. 250 000 (cor. to the nearest ten) C. 250 000 (cor. to 5 sig. fig.) D. 250 000 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
3. Express as a decimal correct to 5 significant figures.
A. 0.5235 B. 0.5236 C. 0.523 59 D. 0.523 60 4. The length of the side of a square is measured as 5.5 cm, correct to the nearest 0.1 cm. Let A cm2 be the actual area of the square. Find the range of values of A. A. B. C. D.
5. The height of a door is measured as 2.10 m, correct to 3 significant figures. Which of the
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
following is not the possible actual height of the door?
A. 2.0994 m B. 2.1094 m C. 2.0959 m D. 2.1049 m
6. The figure shows the positions of four real numbers w, x, y and z on the number line. Which of
the following is the best estimate of ?
y x w z 2 0 2 A. 14 B. 9 C. 9 D. 14
7. There is a jar of orange juice. The volume of orange juice in the jar is measured as 3.5 L, correct to the nearest 0.5 L. If the jar of orange juice is divided into n cups such that the volume of orange juice in each cup is measured as 80 mL, correct to the nearest mL, find the greatest possible value of n. A. 40 B. 41 C. 47 D. 48
8. In a supermarket, Mary wants to buy 6 items which cost $57.3, $64.4, $62.2, $59.7, $55.8 and $61.4 respectively. If Mary has $375 only, which of the following is the most appropriate estimation strategy to check whether Mary has enough money to pay for the 6 items? A. Round up the cost of each item to the nearest $5. B. Round down the cost of each item to the nearest $5. C. Round off the cost of each item to the nearest $5. D. Use $60 as the clustered value to represent the costs of the items.
9. The weights of three bags of potato chips are measured as 81 g, 104 g and 136 g respectively. If the three measurements are correct to the nearest g, find the relative error in calculating the total weight of the three bags of potato chips.
Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Tutorial 5 Errors and Estimations
10. The lengths of the four sides of a quadrilateral are measured as 13.4 cm, 22.7 cm, 15.3 cm and 20.6 cm respectively. If the four measurements are correct to the nearest 0.1 cm, find the percentage error in calculating the perimeter of the quadrilateral correct to 3 significant figures. A. 0.278% B. 0.0694% C. 0.139% D. 0.556%
