A INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

MACHINE LEARNING INTERNSHIP

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CSE - ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
By

K V CHANDRA SEKHAR 21751A3347

SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT STUDIES, CHITTOOR-517127, A.P.
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF CSE-(AI&ML)
(July 2024)
 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT STUDIES, CHITTOOR-517127, A.P.
(Autonomous – NAAC Accredited)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF CSE (AI&ML)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship report “MACHINE LEARNING INTERNSHIP” is a

genuine work of

K V CHANDRA SEKHAR 21751A3347

submitted to the department of ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE AND MACHINE

LEARNING, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in AI&ML, during the academic year 2021-25.

Signature of the Supervisor Signature of the Head of Department

Mr.M.Madhavan,M.E.(CSE),LL,B, Dr.S.Vijay Kumar, PhD.,
Assistant Professor, Professor & HOD,
Department of CSE(AI&ML), Department of CSE(AI&ML),
Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and
Management Studies, Chittoor, A.P. Management Studies, Chittoor, A.P.

Submitted for Semester End Examination held on ……………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

INTERSHIP CERTIFICATE
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship Report entitled “MACHINE LEARNING

INTERNSHIP” which is being submitted to the SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, CHITTOOR for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in CSE – Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is a
bonafide report of the work carried out by me. The material contained in this Internship
work report has not been submitted to any University of Institution for the award of
degree.

K V Chandra Sekhar 21751A3347

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any achievement, be it scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the individual
effort but on the guidance, encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals, elders, and
friends. I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all.

I feel myself honoured for placing our warm salutation to The Management, SITAMS,
which gave me the opportunity to obtain a strong base in B. Tech and profound knowledge.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. N Venkatachalapathi, M.Tech., Ph.D., our beloved

Principal for his encouragement and suggestions during our course of study.

With deep sense of gratitude, I acknowledge Dr. S Vijaya Kumar, Ph.D., Head of the Dept.,
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, for his valuable support and help in processing
my internship.

I also express thanks to my supervisor Mr. M. Madhavan, M.E.(CSE), LL.B, Assistant

Professor in Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning for encouraging me
in doing this Internship.

Finally, I would like to express our sincere thanks to all the Faculty Members of CSM
Department, and Lab Technicians, Friends & Family members, who all have motivated and
helped me to do this Internship.

K.V.Chandra Sekhar (21751A3347)

 PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO’s)

After few years of graduation the, graduates of Computer Science and Engineering
(Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) shall
PEO1: Expertise with computer science and Engineering, artificial intelligence and
machine learning disciplines through quality studies, enabling success in IT industries.
(Professional
Competency)
PEO2: Establish start-up companies or employed in reputed computing industries or
government sectors or pursue higher studies in the domain of CSE (AI & ML)
(Successful Career Goals)
PEO3: Enhance knowledge by updating advanced technological concept for facing the
rapidly changing world and contribute to society through innovations and creativity.
(Continuing Education and Contribution to Society)

PROGRAM OUTCOME (PO’s)

PO1- Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.

PO2- Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3- Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.

PO4- Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5- Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6- The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7- Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need. for sustainable development.

PO8- Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9- Individual work: Function effectively as an individual, in multidisciplinary

settings.

PO10- Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities

with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

PO11- Internship management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one's
own work, as a member, to manage internship and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12- Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
 Course Outcomes for Internship Work

On completion of internship work we will be able to,

CO1. Demonstrate in-depth knowledge on the internship topic.

CO2. Identify, analyze and formulate complex problem chosen for internship work to
attain substantiated conclusions.

CO3. Design solutions to the chosen internship problem.

CO4. Undertake investigation of internship problem to provide valid conclusions.

CO5. Use the appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering tools necessary
for internship work.

CO6. Apply internship results for sustainable development of the society.

CO7.Understand the impact of internship results in the context of environmental

sustainability.

CO8.Understand professional and ethical responsibilities while executing the internship

work.

CO9. Function effectively as individual and a member in the internship team.

CO10. Develop communication skills, both oral and written for preparing and presenting
internship report.

CO11. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of cost and time analysis required for
carrying out the internship.

CO12. Engage in lifelong learning to improve knowledge and competence in the chosen
area of the internship.
 ABSTRACT

The Machine Learning internship was a transformative journey, offering hands-on experience
in applying theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios. Over the course of one month, the
internship was divided into three structured phases, each focusing on specific tasks designed
to build a solid understanding of machine learning models and their applications.

Phase 1 involved the implementation of foundational algorithms:

1. The Decision Tree Algorithm was developed to demonstrate its working mechanism,
offering insights into its predictive power and decision-making process.

2. The Backpropagation Algorithm was implemented to train models using datasets,

showcasing the role of gradient descent in optimizing neural networks.

3. A Naïve Bayes Classifier was constructed for text classification tasks. By applying this
model to a given dataset, key performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, and
recall were calculated to evaluate its effectiveness.

Phase 2 explored predictive modeling by focusing on a practical use case. A machine

learning model was designed to forecast bike ride requests for specific hours, addressing
demand prediction challenges in transportation services. This task highlighted the importance
of data analysis and pattern recognition in solving real-world problems.

Phase 3 emphasized the development of an innovative application in the healthcare domain.

A robust machine learning model was created to predict health disorders based on user-
provided symptoms. This project demonstrated how machine learning can be leveraged to
improve early diagnosis and personalized healthcare solutions.

Throughout the internship, a strong emphasis was placed on understanding the nuances of
algorithm design, model training, and evaluation. The challenges faced during these projects
encouraged creative problem-solving and a deeper grasp of machine learning principles.

The experience culminated in enhanced technical skills, algorithmic thinking, and the ability
to design efficient solutions to complex problems. This internship provided a solid foundation
for future exploration in machine learning and its applications across diverse industries.
 INDEX

CHAPTER NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
1.2 MACHINE LEARNING INREAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE CURRENT INTERNSHIP

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 OVERVIEW OF ML TECHNIQUES
2.2 APPLICATIONS OF ML ALGORITHM
3.2.1 PHASE 1 TASK
3.2.1 DECISION TREE ALGORITHM
CLASSIFICATION
3.2.2 BACK PROPAGATION ALGORITHM

3.2.3 NAIVES BAYES CLASSIFIER FOR TEXT

CLASSIFICATION
3.3.1 PHASE 2 TASK
Task 2: Rapido Bike Ride Request Forecast
3.3.2 Phase 3 Task
Task 3: Health Disorder Prediction System

3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4.1
4.2
….

APPENDIX / PHOTOS
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE COMPANY

1.1 INTRODUCTION
About Skillraace

Skillraace is a leading platform focused on bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge
and practical industry experience. The company provides comprehensive training programs,
particularly in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data science. Skillraace
offers hands-on internship opportunities, allowing learners to apply real-world solutions
through guided projects. With a strong emphasis on skill development and personalized
learning paths, Skillraace is dedicated to empowering individuals to thrive in the technology-
driven world, preparing them for future career success.

The Machine Learning internship provided an excellent platform for applying theoretical
knowledge to solve real-world problems. It was designed to foster technical skills, algorithmic
thinking, and model development capabilities. By working on diverse projects and tasks, the
internship emphasized the importance of machine learning in modern industries, offering
valuable insights into its practical applications.

1.1 Background and Motivation

Machine learning has emerged as a transformative field, enabling data-driven decision-

making across sectors such as healthcare, transportation, and business analytics. This
internship aimed to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and industry needs,
providing hands-on experience in implementing machine learning algorithms. The motivation
was to build practical solutions while strengthening foundational skills in data analysis,
predictive modeling, and artificial intelligence.
1.2 Machine Learning in Real-World Applications

Machine learning is widely used to address complex problems, such as predicting demand in
transportation, automating text classification, and diagnosing health disorders. By leveraging
its ability to process large datasets and recognize patterns, machine learning has
revolutionized industries, improving efficiency and enabling innovative solutions. The
internship explored these applications through real-world tasks like bike ride demand
forecasting and disease prediction, showcasing the relevance of ML in everyday scenarios.

1.3 Objectives of the Current Internship

Detailed Explanation

1. To implement core machine learning algorithms, including Decision Tree,

Backpropagation, and Naïve Bayes, and analyze their performance:
This objective focuses on understanding and applying foundational machine learning
algorithms. The Decision Tree algorithm involves creating a model that predicts target
variables by learning decision rules from data features. Backpropagation is critical for
optimizing neural networks, as it adjusts weights through gradient descent to reduce
error. Naïve Bayes, a probabilistic classifier, simplifies complex classification tasks.
Analyzing the performance of these models involves evaluating metrics like accuracy,
precision, recall, and computational efficiency to assess their reliability and suitability
for various use cases.

2. To apply machine learning models for demand forecasting in the transportation sector:
This task emphasizes building predictive models to analyze historical data and forecast
future demand. For example, predicting bike ride requests at specific times allows
transportation companies to allocate resources effectively. The project used machine
learning algorithms to identify patterns and trends in demand data, which were then
applied to improve operational efficiency. The insights derived from this application
can enhance customer satisfaction by ensuring the availability of transportation
services during peak demand periods.
3. To develop a healthcare solution that predicts diseases based on user symptoms,
demonstrating the power of ML in improving lives:
In this task, machine learning was leveraged to build a predictive healthcare model. By
analyzing symptoms inputted by users, the system provided probable diagnoses,
facilitating early detection of diseases. The project showcased the potential of machine
learning in healthcare, particularly in areas like preventive care and personalized
medicine. Such solutions can reduce the burden on medical professionals and improve
access to healthcare, particularly in remote or underserved regions.

4. To gain hands-on experience in building and testing predictive models while

addressing practical challenges:
This objective aimed to bridge theoretical knowledge with practical implementation.
Building predictive models involved preprocessing data, selecting algorithms, and
tuning parameters for optimal performance. Testing these models required validating
their accuracy and robustness across diverse datasets. Additionally, the project
addressed real-world challenges such as incomplete data, model overfitting, and
computational limitations. Overcoming these obstacles provided invaluable
experience, preparing participants for tackling complex machine learning projects in
professional environments.
 CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Description (In-Depth)

2.1 Overview of ML Techniques

The internship was structured to provide a thorough understanding of machine learning

techniques, combining theoretical concepts with hands-on implementation. Each
technique was chosen to showcase its practical relevance and real-world applications.

• Supervised Learning Algorithms:

The Decision Tree Algorithm was implemented to explore how hierarchical decision-
making can simplify classification tasks. This algorithm splits data recursively based on
feature attributes, creating a tree-like structure that guides decisions. It was particularly
effective for structured datasets with clear attributes, like predicting user preferences or
classifying items based on specific criteria.

The Backpropagation Algorithm, a cornerstone of neural network training, was applied

to optimize predictions by minimizing errors. It involves propagating the error backward
through the network layers and updating weights to improve performance. This iterative
process was instrumental in understanding how neural networks "learn" and adapt over
time.

• Probabilistic Models:
The Naïve Bayes Classifier was utilized to tackle text classification problems. By ap-
plying Bayes' theorem, this model calculated the likelihood of data points belonging to
specific categories. Its simplicity and efficiency made it ideal for tasks like spam
detection or sentiment analysis, where independence between features could be
assumed. Performance was evaluated using key metrics such as accuracy, precision, and
recall, ensuring reliability in practical applications.

• Predictive Modeling:
Predictive modeling was at the core of analyzing historical data to forecast future
outcomes. These models used regression and supervised learning techniques to identify
 patterns in datasets. Applications included predicting ride demands for specific times
and diagnosing health disorders based on user symptoms. These use cases demonstrated
the significance of recognizing data trends to drive actionable insights.

2.2 Applications of ML Algorithms

1. Decision Tree Algorithm:

The Decision Tree was deployed to solve classification problems by segmenting datasets
into smaller subsets based on attribute rules. For example, it was applied to predict user
behavior based on demographic factors such as age, income, or geographic location.
This algorithm provided a clear, interpretable model that simplified complex decision-
making processes.

2. Backpropagation Algorithm:
Backpropagation was essential for optimizing neural networks, especially for tasks
requiring high accuracy. For instance, it was used to predict transportation demand by
iteratively refining network weights based on historical data. This iterative process
improved prediction accuracy and demonstrated the critical role of optimization in
neural network applications.

3. NaïveBayes Classifier:
In text classification, the Naïve Bayes algorithm proved effective for categorizing
textual data into predefined groups. It analyzed word frequency and conditional
probabilities, making it suitable for tasks like document classification or email spam
detection. The model's performance was rigorously evaluated, highlighting its reliability
and efficiency.

4. Bike Ride Forecasting:

A predictive model for bike ride requests was developed to address transportation
industry challenges. By analyzing past ride data, the model identified patterns in user
demand during specific hours. This application was particularly valuable for resource
allocation, enabling companies to optimize their fleet and improve customer
satisfaction. The forecasting model's accuracy ensured efficient planning and
operational success.
 5. Health Disorder Prediction:
A healthcare-focused predictive model was built to diagnose diseases based on
symptoms. Users could input their symptoms into the system, which would analyze the
data and predict potential disorders using supervised learning techniques. This
application underscored the potential of machine learning to enhance healthcare
delivery by providing early, accurate diagnoses. The model's reliability was validated
through rigorous testing, ensuring it met real-world standards.

These projects collectively demonstrated the transformative potential of machine learning

in solving real-world problems. By combining foundational techniques with domain-
specific applications, the internship highlighted the versatility of machine learning in
fields like transportation and healthcare. This experience emphasized the importance of
model selection, evaluation, and iterative refinement, equipping participants with the skills
needed to tackle complex challenges in diverse industries.

Task 1A
i) Implementation of Decision Tree Algorithm Using ML Fundamentals
The Decision Tree algorithm is a supervised learning technique widely used for classification
and regression tasks. This project aimed to demonstrate the working of the Decision Tree
algorithm.
• Steps Involved:
o Dataset Preparation: A labeled dataset with distinct features was prepared.
o Algorithm Implementation: The decision tree splits data iteratively based on features, using
metrics such as Entropy or Gini Index.
o Evaluation: The model’s accuracy was tested on unseen data.
• Example: A dataset on weather conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) was used to predict
outdoor activity. The decision tree model accurately classified outcomes, showcasing its
effectiveness in decision-making scenarios.

Step-by-Step Process to Implement Decision Tree and Backpropagation Algorithms

1. Implementation of Decision Tree Algorithm

Step 1: Import Libraries
 • Use Python libraries such as pandas, numpy, and sklearn for data handling and
model building.

Step 2: Load the Dataset

• Load the dataset (e.g., using pandas.read_csv()) containing labeled data for
classification.
Step 3: Data Preprocessing
• Clean the data: handle missing values, encode categorical variables, and split
the dataset into training and testing sets.
Step 4: Build the Decision Tree Model
• Use the DecisionTreeClassifier from sklearn.tree.
• Fit the model on the training data using .fit().
Step 5: Train and Evaluate the Model
• Use .predict() to make predictions.
• Evaluate performance using accuracy, precision, and recall metrics.

ii) Back Propagation Algorithm Using ML Fundamentals

The Back Propagation algorithm is pivotal in training neural networks. It minimizes error by
propagating it backward through the network layers.
• Steps Involved:
o Network Design: A neural network was structured with input, hidden, and output layers.
o Error Calculation: The difference between predicted and actual values was calculated.
o Weight Adjustment: Gradients were computed to iteratively adjust the network weights.
• Example: The XOR problem was solved using Back Propagation. After multiple iterations, the
algorithm successfully predicted the correct outputs for all cases.
2. Implementation of Backpropagation Algorithm
Step 1: Import Libraries
• Import numpy for matrix operations and sklearn for dataset handling.
Step 2: Load the Dataset
• Choose a dataset (e.g., Iris dataset) to train the neural network.
Step 3: Data Preprocessing
• Normalize the input data using standardization or min-max scaling.
Step 4: Initialize Network Architecture
• Define the architecture: input layer, hidden layers, and output layer.
• Initialize weights randomly.
Step 5: Forward Propagation
• Calculate the output by passing inputs through the layers using the activation
function (like ReLU or Sigmoid).
Step 6: Calculate Error
• Compute the difference between the predicted output and the actual output
(error/loss).
Step 7: Backward Propagation
• Calculate gradients for each weight using the chain rule to minimize the error.
• Update the weights using a learning rate and gradient descent.
Step 8: Repeat Steps
• Iterate over the data (epochs) and update the weights after each
backpropagation step.
Step 9: Evaluate the Model
• After training, evaluate the model using testing data.
This approach ensures the models work properly, helping to predict or classify data
effectively

Task 1B
Naïve Bayesian Classifier for Text Classification
The Naïve Bayesian Classifier is a probabilistic model commonly used for text classification
tasks. This task involved building a classifier to categorize documents based on their content.
• Steps Involved:
o Dataset Preparation: A labeled text dataset was compiled.
o Model Building: Probabilities were calculated for each class based on feature occurrences
in the text.
o Evaluation: The model’s performance was evaluated using metrics like accuracy,
precision, and recall.
• Example: Sentiment analysis was performed on movie reviews, categorizing them as
positive or negative. The classifier achieved high accuracy, validating its practical utility.

Step-by-Step Process to Implement Naïve Bayes Classifier for Text Classification

Step 1: Import Necessary Libraries
• In Java, use the NaiveBayesClassifier from a library like Weka or Apache Mahout for
text classification tasks.
Step 2: Load and Preprocess the Dataset
• Prepare a dataset consisting of labeled text documents. Each document is assigned a
category (e.g., spam or not spam).
• Tokenize the text by splitting it into words or phrases and remove stopwords.
Step 3: Feature Extraction
• Convert the text into a numeric representation (such as word frequency or TF-IDF).
Step 4: Split the Data
• Divide the dataset into training and testing subsets (typically an 80-20 split).
Step 5: Train the Naïve Bayes Model
• Use the training data to build the Naïve Bayes model. This involves calculating
probabilities for each word's occurrence in each class (category).
Step 6: Evaluate the Model
• Predict the class labels for the test data using the trained model.
• Calculate accuracy, precision, and recall by comparing the predicted labels with the
actual ones:
o Accuracy: TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FN\frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}
o Precision: TPTP+FP\frac{TP}{TP + FP}
o Recall: TPTP+FN\frac{TP}{TP + FN}
o TP: True Positives, TN: True Negatives, FP: False Positives, FN: False
Negatives.
Step 7: Evaluate Results
• Assess the model's performance using the calculated metrics (accuracy, precision,
recall). Fine-tune if necessary.
Task 2
Rapido Bike Ride Request Forecast Using ML
This project aimed to predict bike ride requests for specific hours using machine learning
techniques and historical data.
• Steps Involved:
o Data Preprocessing: The dataset was cleaned and normalized to handle
inconsistencies.
o Feature Engineering: Key variables such as time, weather, and location were
derived.
o Model Development: Regression techniques, such as Random Forest or
Gradient Boosting, were utilized to predict demand.
• Example: The model accurately forecasted ride requests during peak hours, enabling
better resource allocation and improved service efficiency.

Step-by-Step Process to Predict Bike Ride Requests using Machine Learning

Step 1: Data Collection and Preprocessing
• Gather historical ride request data (e.g., time of day, weather, location).
• Clean the data by handling missing values, converting categorical data into numerical
values (e.g., using one-hot encoding), and normalizing numerical features for
consistency.
Step 2: Feature Engineering
• Extract useful features such as the day of the week, time of the day, weather
conditions, and location.
• Create new features if necessary, such as peak hours or holidays, which might affect
demand.
Step 3: Split the Data
• Divide the data into training and testing sets (typically 80% training, 20% testing).
Step 4: Select the Model
• Choose an appropriate machine learning model such as Linear Regression, Decision
Trees, or Random Forest for regression tasks.
• Train the model using the training dataset.
Step 5: Train the Model
 • Fit the model to the training data by using .fit() and ensure it learns the patterns
between features (time, location, weather) and the number of ride requests.
Step 6: Model Evaluation
• Use the testing dataset to evaluate model performance.
• Calculate metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE),
and R² (coefficient of determination) to assess how well the model predicts ride
demand.
Step 7: Forecast Ride Requests
• Use the trained model to forecast bike ride requests for specific future hours based on
the input features (e.g., time of day, weather).
Step 8: Fine-tuning
• Tune model parameters, experiment with different algorithms, and incorporate cross-
validation techniques to improve performance.

Task 3
Health Disorder Predictor Using Machine Learning
This task involved building a predictive model for diagnosing health disorders based on a
patient’s symptoms. The objective was to create a robust and accurate system for healthcare
applications.
• Steps Involved:
o Dataset Collection: A dataset containing symptoms and corresponding diagnoses was utilized.
o Model Training: Algorithms like Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were
implemented.
o Evaluation: The model’s predictions were validated using metrics such as accuracy and recall.
• Example: The model successfully predicted diseases like flu and malaria based on symptoms
such as fever and fatigue, demonstrating its potential in clinical diagnosis.
Step-by-Step Process for Health Disorder Prediction Using Machine Learning
Step 1: Data Collection and Preprocessing
• Gather a dataset containing patient symptoms and corresponding diagnoses. Common
sources are healthcare datasets like UCI Machine Learning Repository or Kaggle.
• Clean the data by handling missing values, encoding categorical features (e.g.,
symptom categories), and standardizing numerical values.
Step 2: Feature Selection
• Choose the relevant symptoms and features that might help in predicting a disease
(e.g., fever, cough, headache).
• Normalize or scale data if necessary to ensure that features are on a similar scale.
Step 3: Split the Data
• Divide the dataset into training and testing subsets (typically an 80% training and 20%
testing split).
Step 4: Select the Machine Learning Model
• Choose an appropriate model based on the problem (classification), such as:
o Decision Trees for clear decision-making rules.
o Random Forest for ensemble learning.
o Logistic Regression or SVM for binary/multiclass classification.
o K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) if symptom patterns are crucial.
Step 5: Train the Model
• Train the model using the training data. The algorithm will learn how symptoms
correlate with different diseases based on the data provided.
Step 6: Model Evaluation
• After training, evaluate the model’s performance using the test dataset.
• Common evaluation metrics for classification include accuracy, precision, recall, and
F1-score.
Step 7: Disease Prediction
• Input new symptoms into the trained model to predict possible diseases. The model
should output one or more likely diseases based on the pattern of symptoms provided.
Step 8: Fine-tuning and Model Improvement
• Fine-tune the model by adjusting hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, depth of
decision trees).
 CHAPTER 3

The entire work of this machine learning internship can be summarized as follows:
1. Learning Core Algorithms: Implemented Decision Tree, Backpropagation, and Naïve
Bayes models for various applications.
2. Real-World Applications: Built models for ride request forecasting, text classification,
and health disorder prediction.
3. Hands-On Experience: Gained expertise in data preprocessing, feature extraction, model
evaluation, and tuning.
4. Skill Development: Improved programming skills in Python, mastering libraries like
Scikit-learn.
5. Practical Insights: Understood the practical challenges of ML projects and the
importance of iterative development to optimize performance.

Summary:

During my internship, I implemented key machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree,
Backpropagation, and Naïve Bayes for a variety of tasks. These tasks included ride request
forecasting in transportation, health disorder prediction, and text classification. Through this
experience, I gained hands-on knowledge of data preprocessing, feature extraction, model
training, and evaluation using metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall. My technical skills
in Python and machine learning libraries such as scikit-learn also improved significantly.

Conclusion:

The internship was an invaluable experience, deepening my understanding of how machine

learning algorithms can be applied in real-world scenarios. It enhanced my problem-solving
and programming skills, particularly in data manipulation and model optimization. Working on
diverse projects gave me practical insights into how ML can be used across various industries,
including healthcare and transportation. This experience has equipped me with the skills to
tackle more complex machine learning challenges and has strengthened my confidence in

applying these techniques in the futur

 REFERENCES

1. Weka Documentation: Weka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for data

mining tasks, widely used in academic and industrial research. It was instrumental for
implementing algorithms such as the Naïve Bayes Classifier during the internship.
o URL: https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/
2. Scikit-learn Documentation: The official documentation for Scikit-learn, a Python
library used for implementing machine learning algorithms including Decision Tree,
Backpropagation, and others.
o URL: https://scikit-learn.org/
3. UCI Machine Learning Repository: A repository containing numerous datasets that are
widely used for machine learning and data mining tasks, used in health disorder
prediction and other tasks during the internship.
o URL: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php
4. Kaggle: A platform that provides datasets and machine learning challenges. Several
datasets for text classification and health prediction were sourced here.
o URL: https://www.kaggle.com/
5. Python Documentation: Official Python documentation for understanding the
language's capabilities, libraries, and syntax, essential for building machine learning
models.
o URL: https://docs.python.org/3/

1. Weka Documentation: Weka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for data

mining tasks, widely used in academic and industrial research. It was instrumental for
implementing algorithms such as the Naïve Bayes Classifier during the internship.
o URL: https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/
2. Scikit-learn Documentation: The official documentation for Scikit-learn, a Python
library used for implementing machine learning algorithms including Decision Tree,
Backpropagation, and others.
o URL: https://scikit-learn.org/
3. UCI Machine Learning Repository: A repository containing numerous datasets that are
widely used for machine learning and data mining tasks, used in health disorder
prediction and other tasks during the internship.
o URL: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php
4. Kaggle: A platform that provides datasets and machine learning challenges. Several
datasets for text classification and health prediction were sourced here.
o URL: https://www.kaggle.com/
5. Python Documentation: Official Python documentation for understanding the
language's capabilities, libraries, and syntax, essential for building machine learning
models.
o URL: https://docs.python.org/3/
APPENDIX / PHOTOS